xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pmcstat/pmcstat.c (revision 5506ceb87fa19140863b4e3ee978f631ccc4cf74)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008, Joseph Koshy
5  * Copyright (c) 2007 The FreeBSD Foundation
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * Portions of this software were developed by A. Joseph Koshy under
9  * sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation and Google, Inc.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
34 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
35 
36 #include <sys/param.h>
37 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
38 #include <sys/event.h>
39 #include <sys/queue.h>
40 #include <sys/socket.h>
41 #include <sys/stat.h>
42 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
43 #include <sys/time.h>
44 #include <sys/ttycom.h>
45 #include <sys/user.h>
46 #include <sys/wait.h>
47 
48 #include <assert.h>
49 #include <curses.h>
50 #include <err.h>
51 #include <errno.h>
52 #include <fcntl.h>
53 #include <kvm.h>
54 #include <libgen.h>
55 #include <limits.h>
56 #include <math.h>
57 #include <pmc.h>
58 #include <pmclog.h>
59 #include <regex.h>
60 #include <signal.h>
61 #include <stdarg.h>
62 #include <stdint.h>
63 #include <stdio.h>
64 #include <stdlib.h>
65 #include <string.h>
66 #include <sysexits.h>
67 #include <unistd.h>
68 
69 #include <libpmcstat.h>
70 
71 #include "pmcstat.h"
72 
73 /*
74  * A given invocation of pmcstat(8) can manage multiple PMCs of both
75  * the system-wide and per-process variety.  Each of these could be in
76  * 'counting mode' or in 'sampling mode'.
77  *
78  * For 'counting mode' PMCs, pmcstat(8) will periodically issue a
79  * pmc_read() at the configured time interval and print out the value
80  * of the requested PMCs.
81  *
82  * For 'sampling mode' PMCs it can log to a file for offline analysis,
83  * or can analyse sampling data "on the fly", either by converting
84  * samples to printed textual form or by creating gprof(1) compatible
85  * profiles, one per program executed.  When creating gprof(1)
86  * profiles it can optionally merge entries from multiple processes
87  * for a given executable into a single profile file.
88  *
89  * pmcstat(8) can also execute a command line and attach PMCs to the
90  * resulting child process.  The protocol used is as follows:
91  *
92  * - parent creates a socketpair for two way communication and
93  *   fork()s.
94  * - subsequently:
95  *
96  *   /Parent/				/Child/
97  *
98  *   - Wait for childs token.
99  *					- Sends token.
100  *					- Awaits signal to start.
101  *  - Attaches PMCs to the child's pid
102  *    and starts them. Sets up
103  *    monitoring for the child.
104  *  - Signals child to start.
105  *					- Receives signal, attempts exec().
106  *
107  * After this point normal processing can happen.
108  */
109 
110 /* Globals */
111 
112 int		pmcstat_displayheight = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
113 int		pmcstat_displaywidth  = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH;
114 static int	pmcstat_sockpair[NSOCKPAIRFD];
115 static int	pmcstat_kq;
116 static kvm_t	*pmcstat_kvm;
117 static struct kinfo_proc *pmcstat_plist;
118 struct pmcstat_args args;
119 
120 static void
121 pmcstat_get_cpumask(const char *cpuspec, cpuset_t *cpumask)
122 {
123 	int cpu;
124 	const char *s;
125 	char *end;
126 
127 	CPU_ZERO(cpumask);
128 	s = cpuspec;
129 
130 	do {
131 		cpu = strtol(s, &end, 0);
132 		if (cpu < 0 || end == s)
133 			errx(EX_USAGE,
134 			    "ERROR: Illegal CPU specification \"%s\".",
135 			    cpuspec);
136 		CPU_SET(cpu, cpumask);
137 		s = end + strspn(end, ", \t");
138 	} while (*s);
139 	assert(!CPU_EMPTY(cpumask));
140 }
141 
142 void
143 pmcstat_cleanup(void)
144 {
145 	struct pmcstat_ev *ev;
146 
147 	/* release allocated PMCs. */
148 	STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next)
149 		if (ev->ev_pmcid != PMC_ID_INVALID) {
150 			if (pmc_stop(ev->ev_pmcid) < 0)
151 				err(EX_OSERR,
152 				    "ERROR: cannot stop pmc 0x%x \"%s\"",
153 				    ev->ev_pmcid, ev->ev_name);
154 			if (pmc_release(ev->ev_pmcid) < 0)
155 				err(EX_OSERR,
156 				    "ERROR: cannot release pmc 0x%x \"%s\"",
157 				    ev->ev_pmcid, ev->ev_name);
158 		}
159 
160 	/* de-configure the log file if present. */
161 	if (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_PIPE | FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE))
162 		(void) pmc_configure_logfile(-1);
163 
164 	if (args.pa_logparser) {
165 		pmclog_close(args.pa_logparser);
166 		args.pa_logparser = NULL;
167 	}
168 
169 	pmcstat_log_shutdown_logging();
170 }
171 
172 void
173 pmcstat_find_targets(const char *spec)
174 {
175 	int n, nproc, pid, rv;
176 	struct pmcstat_target *pt;
177 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX], *end;
178 	static struct kinfo_proc *kp;
179 	regex_t reg;
180 	regmatch_t regmatch;
181 
182 	/* First check if we've been given a process id. */
183       	pid = strtol(spec, &end, 0);
184 	if (end != spec && pid >= 0) {
185 		if ((pt = malloc(sizeof(*pt))) == NULL)
186 			goto outofmemory;
187 		pt->pt_pid = pid;
188 		SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&args.pa_targets, pt, pt_next);
189 		return;
190 	}
191 
192 	/* Otherwise treat arg as a regular expression naming processes. */
193 	if (pmcstat_kvm == NULL) {
194 		if ((pmcstat_kvm = kvm_openfiles(NULL, "/dev/null", NULL, 0,
195 		    errbuf)) == NULL)
196 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot open kernel \"%s\"",
197 			    errbuf);
198 		if ((pmcstat_plist = kvm_getprocs(pmcstat_kvm, KERN_PROC_PROC,
199 		    0, &nproc)) == NULL)
200 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot get process list: %s",
201 			    kvm_geterr(pmcstat_kvm));
202 	} else
203 		nproc = 0;
204 
205 	if ((rv = regcomp(&reg, spec, REG_EXTENDED|REG_NOSUB)) != 0) {
206 		regerror(rv, &reg, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
207 		err(EX_DATAERR, "ERROR: Failed to compile regex \"%s\": %s",
208 		    spec, errbuf);
209 	}
210 
211 	for (n = 0, kp = pmcstat_plist; n < nproc; n++, kp++) {
212 		if ((rv = regexec(&reg, kp->ki_comm, 1, &regmatch, 0)) == 0) {
213 			if ((pt = malloc(sizeof(*pt))) == NULL)
214 				goto outofmemory;
215 			pt->pt_pid = kp->ki_pid;
216 			SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&args.pa_targets, pt, pt_next);
217 		} else if (rv != REG_NOMATCH) {
218 			regerror(rv, &reg, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
219 			errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Regex evalation failed: %s",
220 			    errbuf);
221 		}
222 	}
223 
224 	regfree(&reg);
225 
226 	return;
227 
228  outofmemory:
229 	errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "Out of memory.");
230 	/*NOTREACHED*/
231 }
232 
233 void
234 pmcstat_kill_process(void)
235 {
236 	struct pmcstat_target *pt;
237 
238 	assert(args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE);
239 
240 	/*
241 	 * If a command line was specified, it would be the very first
242 	 * in the list, before any other processes specified by -t.
243 	 */
244 	pt = SLIST_FIRST(&args.pa_targets);
245 	assert(pt != NULL);
246 
247 	if (kill(pt->pt_pid, SIGINT) != 0)
248 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: cannot signal child process");
249 }
250 
251 void
252 pmcstat_start_pmcs(void)
253 {
254 	struct pmcstat_ev *ev;
255 
256 	STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {
257 
258 	    assert(ev->ev_pmcid != PMC_ID_INVALID);
259 
260 	    if (pmc_start(ev->ev_pmcid) < 0) {
261 	        warn("ERROR: Cannot start pmc 0x%x \"%s\"",
262 		    ev->ev_pmcid, ev->ev_name);
263 		pmcstat_cleanup();
264 		exit(EX_OSERR);
265 	    }
266 	}
267 }
268 
269 void
270 pmcstat_print_headers(void)
271 {
272 	struct pmcstat_ev *ev;
273 	int c, w;
274 
275 	(void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, PRINT_HEADER_PREFIX);
276 
277 	STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {
278 		if (PMC_IS_SAMPLING_MODE(ev->ev_mode))
279 			continue;
280 
281 		c = PMC_IS_SYSTEM_MODE(ev->ev_mode) ? 's' : 'p';
282 
283 		if (ev->ev_fieldskip != 0)
284 			(void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "%*s",
285 			    ev->ev_fieldskip, "");
286 		w = ev->ev_fieldwidth - ev->ev_fieldskip - 2;
287 
288 		if (c == 's')
289 			(void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "s/%02d/%-*s ",
290 			    ev->ev_cpu, w-3, ev->ev_name);
291 		else
292 			(void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "p/%*s ", w,
293 			    ev->ev_name);
294 	}
295 
296 	(void) fflush(args.pa_printfile);
297 }
298 
299 void
300 pmcstat_print_counters(void)
301 {
302 	int extra_width;
303 	struct pmcstat_ev *ev;
304 	pmc_value_t value;
305 
306 	extra_width = sizeof(PRINT_HEADER_PREFIX) - 1;
307 
308 	STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {
309 
310 		/* skip sampling mode counters */
311 		if (PMC_IS_SAMPLING_MODE(ev->ev_mode))
312 			continue;
313 
314 		if (pmc_read(ev->ev_pmcid, &value) < 0)
315 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot read pmc \"%s\"",
316 			    ev->ev_name);
317 
318 		(void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "%*ju ",
319 		    ev->ev_fieldwidth + extra_width,
320 		    (uintmax_t) ev->ev_cumulative ? value :
321 		    (value - ev->ev_saved));
322 
323 		if (ev->ev_cumulative == 0)
324 			ev->ev_saved = value;
325 		extra_width = 0;
326 	}
327 
328 	(void) fflush(args.pa_printfile);
329 }
330 
331 /*
332  * Print output
333  */
334 
335 void
336 pmcstat_print_pmcs(void)
337 {
338 	static int linecount = 0;
339 
340 	/* check if we need to print a header line */
341 	if (++linecount > pmcstat_displayheight) {
342 		(void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "\n");
343 		linecount = 1;
344 	}
345 	if (linecount == 1)
346 		pmcstat_print_headers();
347 	(void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "\n");
348 
349 	pmcstat_print_counters();
350 
351 	return;
352 }
353 
354 void
355 pmcstat_show_usage(void)
356 {
357 	errx(EX_USAGE,
358 	    "[options] [commandline]\n"
359 	    "\t Measure process and/or system performance using hardware\n"
360 	    "\t performance monitoring counters.\n"
361 	    "\t Options include:\n"
362 	    "\t -C\t\t (toggle) show cumulative counts\n"
363 	    "\t -D path\t create profiles in directory \"path\"\n"
364 	    "\t -E\t\t (toggle) show counts at process exit\n"
365 	    "\t -F file\t write a system-wide callgraph (Kcachegrind format)"
366 		" to \"file\"\n"
367 	    "\t -G file\t write a system-wide callgraph to \"file\"\n"
368 	    "\t -I don't resolve leaf function name, show address instead\n"
369 	    "\t -L lwp\t filter on thread id \"lwp\" in post-processing\n"
370 	    "\t -M file\t print executable/gmon file map to \"file\"\n"
371 	    "\t -N\t\t (toggle) capture callchains\n"
372 	    "\t -O file\t send log output to \"file\"\n"
373 	    "\t -P spec\t allocate a process-private sampling PMC\n"
374 	    "\t -R file\t read events from \"file\"\n"
375 	    "\t -S spec\t allocate a system-wide sampling PMC\n"
376 	    "\t -T\t\t start in top mode\n"
377 	    "\t -W\t\t (toggle) show counts per context switch\n"
378 	    "\t -a file\t print sampled PCs and callgraph to \"file\"\n"
379 	    "\t -c cpu-list\t set cpus for subsequent system-wide PMCs\n"
380 	    "\t -d\t\t (toggle) track descendants\n"
381 	    "\t -e\t\t use wide history counter for gprof(1) output\n"
382 	    "\t -f spec\t pass \"spec\" to as plugin option\n"
383 	    "\t -g\t\t produce gprof(1) compatible profiles\n"
384 	    "\t -k dir\t\t set the path to the kernel\n"
385 	    "\t -l secs\t set duration time\n"
386 	    "\t -m file\t print sampled PCs to \"file\"\n"
387 	    "\t -n rate\t set sampling rate\n"
388 	    "\t -o file\t send print output to \"file\"\n"
389 	    "\t -p spec\t allocate a process-private counting PMC\n"
390 	    "\t -q\t\t suppress verbosity\n"
391 	    "\t -r fsroot\t specify FS root directory\n"
392 	    "\t -s spec\t allocate a system-wide counting PMC\n"
393 	    "\t -t process-spec attach to running processes matching "
394 		"\"process-spec\"\n"
395 	    "\t -v\t\t increase verbosity\n"
396 	    "\t -w secs\t set printing time interval\n"
397 	    "\t -z depth\t limit callchain display depth"
398 	);
399 }
400 
401 /*
402  * At exit handler for top mode
403  */
404 
405 void
406 pmcstat_topexit(void)
407 {
408 	if (!args.pa_toptty)
409 		return;
410 
411 	/*
412 	 * Shutdown ncurses.
413 	 */
414 	clrtoeol();
415 	refresh();
416 	endwin();
417 }
418 
419 /*
420  * Main
421  */
422 
423 int
424 main(int argc, char **argv)
425 {
426 	cpuset_t cpumask, rootmask;
427 	double interval;
428 	double duration;
429 	int option, npmc;
430 	int c, check_driver_stats;
431 	int do_callchain, do_descendants, do_logproccsw, do_logprocexit;
432 	int do_print, do_read;
433 	size_t len;
434 	int graphdepth;
435 	int pipefd[2], rfd;
436 	int use_cumulative_counts;
437 	short cf, cb;
438 	uint64_t current_sampling_count;
439 	char *end, *tmp;
440 	const char *errmsg, *graphfilename;
441 	enum pmcstat_state runstate;
442 	struct pmc_driverstats ds_start, ds_end;
443 	struct pmcstat_ev *ev;
444 	struct sigaction sa;
445 	struct kevent kev;
446 	struct winsize ws;
447 	struct stat sb;
448 	char buffer[PATH_MAX];
449 
450 	check_driver_stats      = 0;
451 	current_sampling_count  = 0;
452 	do_callchain		= 1;
453 	do_descendants          = 0;
454 	do_logproccsw           = 0;
455 	do_logprocexit          = 0;
456 	use_cumulative_counts   = 0;
457 	graphfilename		= "-";
458 	args.pa_required	= 0;
459 	args.pa_flags		= 0;
460 	args.pa_verbosity	= 1;
461 	args.pa_logfd		= -1;
462 	args.pa_fsroot		= "";
463 	args.pa_samplesdir	= ".";
464 	args.pa_printfile	= stderr;
465 	args.pa_graphdepth	= DEFAULT_CALLGRAPH_DEPTH;
466 	args.pa_graphfile	= NULL;
467 	args.pa_interval	= DEFAULT_WAIT_INTERVAL;
468 	args.pa_mapfilename	= NULL;
469 	args.pa_inputpath	= NULL;
470 	args.pa_outputpath	= NULL;
471 	args.pa_pplugin		= PMCSTAT_PL_NONE;
472 	args.pa_plugin		= PMCSTAT_PL_NONE;
473 	args.pa_ctdumpinstr	= 1;
474 	args.pa_topmode		= PMCSTAT_TOP_DELTA;
475 	args.pa_toptty		= 0;
476 	args.pa_topcolor	= 0;
477 	args.pa_mergepmc	= 0;
478 	args.pa_duration	= 0.0;
479 	STAILQ_INIT(&args.pa_events);
480 	SLIST_INIT(&args.pa_targets);
481 	bzero(&ds_start, sizeof(ds_start));
482 	bzero(&ds_end, sizeof(ds_end));
483 	ev = NULL;
484 	CPU_ZERO(&cpumask);
485 
486 	/* Default to using the running system kernel. */
487 	len = 0;
488 	if (sysctlbyname("kern.bootfile", NULL, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
489 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot determine path of running kernel");
490 	args.pa_kernel = malloc(len);
491 	if (args.pa_kernel == NULL)
492 		errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory.");
493 	if (sysctlbyname("kern.bootfile", args.pa_kernel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
494 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot determine path of running kernel");
495 
496 	/*
497 	 * The initial CPU mask specifies the root mask of this process
498 	 * which is usually all CPUs in the system.
499 	 */
500 	if (cpuset_getaffinity(CPU_LEVEL_ROOT, CPU_WHICH_PID, -1,
501 	    sizeof(rootmask), &rootmask) == -1)
502 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot determine the root set of CPUs");
503 	CPU_COPY(&rootmask, &cpumask);
504 
505 	while ((option = getopt(argc, argv,
506 	    "CD:EF:G:IL:M:NO:P:R:S:TWa:c:def:gk:l:m:n:o:p:qr:s:t:vw:z:")) != -1)
507 		switch (option) {
508 		case 'a':	/* Annotate + callgraph */
509 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE;
510 			args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_ANNOTATE_CG;
511 			graphfilename  = optarg;
512 			break;
513 
514 		case 'C':	/* cumulative values */
515 			use_cumulative_counts = !use_cumulative_counts;
516 			args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS;
517 			break;
518 
519 		case 'c':	/* CPU */
520 			if (optarg[0] == '*' && optarg[1] == '\0')
521 				CPU_COPY(&rootmask, &cpumask);
522 			else
523 				pmcstat_get_cpumask(optarg, &cpumask);
524 
525 			args.pa_flags	 |= FLAGS_HAS_CPUMASK;
526 			args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS;
527 			break;
528 
529 		case 'D':
530 			if (stat(optarg, &sb) < 0)
531 				err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot stat \"%s\"",
532 				    optarg);
533 			if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
534 				errx(EX_USAGE,
535 				    "ERROR: \"%s\" is not a directory.",
536 				    optarg);
537 			args.pa_samplesdir = optarg;
538 			args.pa_flags     |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLESDIR;
539 			args.pa_required  |= FLAG_DO_GPROF;
540 			break;
541 
542 		case 'd':	/* toggle descendents */
543 			do_descendants = !do_descendants;
544 			args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS;
545 			break;
546 
547 		case 'e':	/* wide gprof metrics */
548 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_WIDE_GPROF_HC;
549 			break;
550 
551 		case 'F':	/* produce a system-wide calltree */
552 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS;
553 			args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_CALLTREE;
554 			graphfilename = optarg;
555 			break;
556 
557 		case 'f':	/* plugins options */
558 			if (args.pa_plugin == PMCSTAT_PL_NONE)
559 				err(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: Need -g/-G/-m/-T.");
560 			pmcstat_pluginconfigure_log(optarg);
561 			break;
562 
563 		case 'G':	/* produce a system-wide callgraph */
564 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS;
565 			args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_CALLGRAPH;
566 			graphfilename = optarg;
567 			break;
568 
569 		case 'g':	/* produce gprof compatible profiles */
570 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_GPROF;
571 			args.pa_pplugin = PMCSTAT_PL_CALLGRAPH;
572 			args.pa_plugin	= PMCSTAT_PL_GPROF;
573 			break;
574 
575 		case 'I':
576 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_SKIP_TOP_FN_RES;
577 			break;
578 		case 'k':	/* pathname to the kernel */
579 			free(args.pa_kernel);
580 			args.pa_kernel = strdup(optarg);
581 			if (args.pa_kernel == NULL)
582 				errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory");
583 			args.pa_required |= FLAG_DO_ANALYSIS;
584 			args.pa_flags    |= FLAG_HAS_KERNELPATH;
585 			break;
586 
587 		case 'L':
588 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_FILTER_THREAD_ID;
589 			args.pa_tid = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
590 			break;
591 		case 'l':	/* time duration in seconds */
592 			duration = strtod(optarg, &end);
593 			if (*end != '\0' || duration <= 0)
594 				errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: Illegal duration time "
595 				    "value \"%s\".", optarg);
596 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_DURATION;
597 			args.pa_duration = duration;
598 			break;
599 
600 		case 'm':
601 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE;
602 			args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_ANNOTATE;
603 			graphfilename  = optarg;
604 			break;
605 
606 		case 'E':	/* log process exit */
607 			do_logprocexit = !do_logprocexit;
608 			args.pa_required |= (FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS |
609 			    FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS | FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE);
610 			break;
611 
612 		case 'M':	/* mapfile */
613 			args.pa_mapfilename = optarg;
614 			break;
615 
616 		case 'N':
617 			do_callchain = !do_callchain;
618 			args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS;
619 			break;
620 
621 		case 'p':	/* process virtual counting PMC */
622 		case 's':	/* system-wide counting PMC */
623 		case 'P':	/* process virtual sampling PMC */
624 		case 'S':	/* system-wide sampling PMC */
625 			if ((ev = malloc(sizeof(*ev))) == NULL)
626 				errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory.");
627 
628 			switch (option) {
629 			case 'p': ev->ev_mode = PMC_MODE_TC; break;
630 			case 's': ev->ev_mode = PMC_MODE_SC; break;
631 			case 'P': ev->ev_mode = PMC_MODE_TS; break;
632 			case 'S': ev->ev_mode = PMC_MODE_SS; break;
633 			}
634 
635 			if (option == 'P' || option == 'p') {
636 				args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS;
637 				args.pa_required |= (FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE |
638 				    FLAG_HAS_TARGET);
639 			}
640 
641 			if (option == 'P' || option == 'S') {
642 				args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS;
643 				args.pa_required |= (FLAG_HAS_PIPE |
644 				    FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE);
645 			}
646 
647 			if (option == 'p' || option == 's')
648 				args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS;
649 
650 			if (option == 's' || option == 'S')
651 				args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS;
652 
653 			ev->ev_spec = strdup(optarg);
654 			if (ev->ev_spec == NULL)
655 				errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory.");
656 
657 			if (option == 'S' || option == 'P')
658 				ev->ev_count = current_sampling_count ? current_sampling_count : pmcstat_pmu_sample_rate_get(ev->ev_spec);
659 			else
660 				ev->ev_count = -1;
661 
662 			if (option == 'S' || option == 's')
663 				ev->ev_cpu = CPU_FFS(&cpumask) - 1;
664 			else
665 				ev->ev_cpu = PMC_CPU_ANY;
666 
667 			ev->ev_flags = 0;
668 			if (do_callchain)
669 				ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_CALLCHAIN;
670 			if (do_descendants)
671 				ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_DESCENDANTS;
672 			if (do_logprocexit)
673 				ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_LOG_PROCEXIT;
674 			if (do_logproccsw)
675 				ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_LOG_PROCCSW;
676 
677 			ev->ev_cumulative  = use_cumulative_counts;
678 
679 			ev->ev_saved = 0LL;
680 			ev->ev_pmcid = PMC_ID_INVALID;
681 
682 			/* extract event name */
683 			c = strcspn(optarg, ", \t");
684 			ev->ev_name = malloc(c + 1);
685 			if (ev->ev_name == NULL)
686 				errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory.");
687 			(void) strncpy(ev->ev_name, optarg, c);
688 			*(ev->ev_name + c) = '\0';
689 
690 			STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&args.pa_events, ev, ev_next);
691 
692 			if (option == 's' || option == 'S') {
693 				CPU_CLR(ev->ev_cpu, &cpumask);
694 				pmcstat_clone_event_descriptor(ev, &cpumask, &args);
695 				CPU_SET(ev->ev_cpu, &cpumask);
696 			}
697 
698 			break;
699 
700 		case 'n':	/* sampling count */
701 			current_sampling_count = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
702 			if (*end != '\0' || current_sampling_count <= 0)
703 				errx(EX_USAGE,
704 				    "ERROR: Illegal count value \"%s\".",
705 				    optarg);
706 			args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS;
707 			break;
708 
709 		case 'o':	/* outputfile */
710 			if (args.pa_printfile != NULL &&
711 			    args.pa_printfile != stdout &&
712 			    args.pa_printfile != stderr)
713 				(void) fclose(args.pa_printfile);
714 			if ((args.pa_printfile = fopen(optarg, "w")) == NULL)
715 				errx(EX_OSERR,
716 				    "ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing.",
717 				    optarg);
718 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_PRINT;
719 			break;
720 
721 		case 'O':	/* sampling output */
722 			if (args.pa_outputpath)
723 				errx(EX_USAGE,
724 "ERROR: option -O may only be specified once.");
725 			args.pa_outputpath = optarg;
726 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE;
727 			break;
728 
729 		case 'q':	/* quiet mode */
730 			args.pa_verbosity = 0;
731 			break;
732 
733 		case 'r':	/* root FS path */
734 			args.pa_fsroot = optarg;
735 			break;
736 
737 		case 'R':	/* read an existing log file */
738 			if (args.pa_inputpath != NULL)
739 				errx(EX_USAGE,
740 "ERROR: option -R may only be specified once.");
741 			args.pa_inputpath = optarg;
742 			if (args.pa_printfile == stderr)
743 				args.pa_printfile = stdout;
744 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_READ_LOGFILE;
745 			break;
746 
747 		case 't':	/* target pid or process name */
748 			pmcstat_find_targets(optarg);
749 
750 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_TARGET;
751 			args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS;
752 			break;
753 
754 		case 'T':	/* top mode */
755 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_TOP;
756 			args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_CALLGRAPH;
757 			args.pa_ctdumpinstr = 0;
758 			args.pa_mergepmc = 1;
759 			if (args.pa_printfile == stderr)
760 				args.pa_printfile = stdout;
761 			break;
762 
763 		case 'v':	/* verbose */
764 			args.pa_verbosity++;
765 			break;
766 
767 		case 'w':	/* wait interval */
768 			interval = strtod(optarg, &end);
769 			if (*end != '\0' || interval <= 0)
770 				errx(EX_USAGE,
771 "ERROR: Illegal wait interval value \"%s\".",
772 				    optarg);
773 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_WAIT_INTERVAL;
774 			args.pa_interval = interval;
775 			break;
776 
777 		case 'W':	/* toggle LOG_CSW */
778 			do_logproccsw = !do_logproccsw;
779 			args.pa_required |= (FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS |
780 			    FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS | FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE);
781 			break;
782 
783 		case 'z':
784 			graphdepth = strtod(optarg, &end);
785 			if (*end != '\0' || graphdepth <= 0)
786 				errx(EX_USAGE,
787 				    "ERROR: Illegal callchain depth \"%s\".",
788 				    optarg);
789 			args.pa_graphdepth = graphdepth;
790 			args.pa_required |= FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS;
791 			break;
792 
793 		case '?':
794 		default:
795 			pmcstat_show_usage();
796 			break;
797 
798 		}
799 
800 	args.pa_argc = (argc -= optind);
801 	args.pa_argv = (argv += optind);
802 
803 	/* If we read from logfile and no specified CPU mask use
804 	 * the maximum CPU count.
805 	 */
806 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) &&
807 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAGS_HAS_CPUMASK) == 0)
808 		CPU_FILL(&cpumask);
809 
810 	args.pa_cpumask = cpumask; /* For selecting CPUs using -R. */
811 
812 	if (argc)	/* command line present */
813 		args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE;
814 
815 	if (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_DO_GPROF | FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS |
816 	    FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE | FLAG_DO_TOP))
817 		args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_ANALYSIS;
818 
819 	/*
820 	 * Check invocation syntax.
821 	 */
822 
823 	/* disallow -O and -R together */
824 	if (args.pa_outputpath && args.pa_inputpath)
825 		errx(EX_USAGE,
826 		    "ERROR: options -O and -R are mutually exclusive.");
827 
828 	/* disallow -T and -l together */
829 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_DURATION) &&
830 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP))
831 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: options -T and -l are mutually "
832 		    "exclusive.");
833 
834 	/* -a and -m require -R */
835 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE && args.pa_inputpath == NULL)
836 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: option %s requires an input file",
837 		    args.pa_plugin == PMCSTAT_PL_ANNOTATE ? "-m" : "-a");
838 
839 	/* -m option is not allowed combined with -g or -G. */
840 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE &&
841 	    args.pa_flags & (FLAG_DO_GPROF | FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS))
842 		errx(EX_USAGE,
843 		    "ERROR: option -m and -g | -G are mutually exclusive");
844 
845 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) {
846 		errmsg = NULL;
847 		if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)
848 			errmsg = "a command line specification";
849 		else if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_TARGET)
850 			errmsg = "option -t";
851 		else if (!STAILQ_EMPTY(&args.pa_events))
852 			errmsg = "a PMC event specification";
853 		if (errmsg)
854 			errx(EX_USAGE,
855 			    "ERROR: option -R may not be used with %s.",
856 			    errmsg);
857 	} else if (STAILQ_EMPTY(&args.pa_events))
858 		/* All other uses require a PMC spec. */
859 		pmcstat_show_usage();
860 
861 	/* check for -t pid without a process PMC spec */
862 	if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_TARGET) &&
863 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) == 0)
864 		errx(EX_USAGE,
865 "ERROR: option -t requires a process mode PMC to be specified."
866 		    );
867 
868 	/* check for process-mode options without a command or -t pid */
869 	if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) &&
870 	    (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE | FLAG_HAS_TARGET)) == 0)
871 		errx(EX_USAGE,
872 "ERROR: options -d, -E, -p, -P, and -W require a command line or target process."
873 		    );
874 
875 	/* check for -p | -P without a target process of some sort */
876 	if ((args.pa_required & (FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE | FLAG_HAS_TARGET)) &&
877 	    (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE | FLAG_HAS_TARGET)) == 0)
878 		errx(EX_USAGE,
879 "ERROR: options -P and -p require a target process or a command line."
880 		    );
881 
882 	/* check for process-mode options without a process-mode PMC */
883 	if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) &&
884 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) == 0)
885 		errx(EX_USAGE,
886 "ERROR: options -d, -E, and -W require a process mode PMC to be specified."
887 		    );
888 
889 	/* check for -c cpu with no system mode PMCs or logfile. */
890 	if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS) &&
891 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS) == 0 &&
892 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) == 0)
893 		errx(EX_USAGE,
894 "ERROR: option -c requires at least one system mode PMC to be specified."
895 		    );
896 
897 	/* check for counting mode options without a counting PMC */
898 	if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS) &&
899 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS) == 0)
900 		errx(EX_USAGE,
901 "ERROR: options -C, -W and -o require at least one counting mode PMC to be specified."
902 		    );
903 
904 	/* check for sampling mode options without a sampling PMC spec */
905 	if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) &&
906 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) == 0)
907 		errx(EX_USAGE,
908 "ERROR: options -N, -n and -O require at least one sampling mode PMC to be specified."
909 		    );
910 
911 	/* check if -g/-G/-m/-T are being used correctly */
912 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANALYSIS) &&
913 	    !(args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS|FLAG_READ_LOGFILE)))
914 		errx(EX_USAGE,
915 "ERROR: options -g/-G/-m/-T require sampling PMCs or -R to be specified."
916 		    );
917 
918 	/* check if -e was specified without -g */
919 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_WIDE_GPROF_HC) &&
920 	    !(args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_GPROF))
921 		errx(EX_USAGE,
922 "ERROR: option -e requires gprof mode to be specified."
923 		    );
924 
925 	/* check if -O was spuriously specified */
926 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) &&
927 	    (args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) == 0)
928 		errx(EX_USAGE,
929 "ERROR: option -O is used only with options -E, -P, -S and -W."
930 		    );
931 
932 	/* -k kernel path require -g/-G/-m/-T or -R */
933 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_KERNELPATH) &&
934 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANALYSIS) == 0 &&
935 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) == 0)
936 	    errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: option -k is only used with -g/-R/-m/-T.");
937 
938 	/* -D only applies to gprof output mode (-g) */
939 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLESDIR) &&
940 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_GPROF) == 0)
941 	    errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: option -D is only used with -g.");
942 
943 	/* -M mapfile requires -g or -R */
944 	if (args.pa_mapfilename != NULL &&
945 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_GPROF) == 0 &&
946 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) == 0)
947 	    errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: option -M is only used with -g/-R.");
948 
949 	/*
950 	 * Disallow textual output of sampling PMCs if counting PMCs
951 	 * have also been asked for, mostly because the combined output
952 	 * is difficult to make sense of.
953 	 */
954 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS) &&
955 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) &&
956 	    ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) == 0))
957 		errx(EX_USAGE,
958 "ERROR: option -O is required if counting and sampling PMCs are specified together."
959 		    );
960 
961 	/*
962 	 * Check if 'kerneldir' refers to a file rather than a
963 	 * directory.  If so, use `dirname path` to determine the
964 	 * kernel directory.
965 	 */
966 	(void) snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s%s", args.pa_fsroot,
967 	    args.pa_kernel);
968 	if (stat(buffer, &sb) < 0)
969 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot locate kernel \"%s\"",
970 		    buffer);
971 	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) && !S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
972 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: \"%s\": Unsupported file type.",
973 		    buffer);
974 	if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
975 		tmp = args.pa_kernel;
976 		args.pa_kernel = strdup(dirname(args.pa_kernel));
977 		if (args.pa_kernel == NULL)
978 			errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory");
979 		free(tmp);
980 		(void) snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s%s",
981 		    args.pa_fsroot, args.pa_kernel);
982 		if (stat(buffer, &sb) < 0)
983 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot stat \"%s\"",
984 			    buffer);
985 		if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
986 			errx(EX_USAGE,
987 			    "ERROR: \"%s\" is not a directory.",
988 			    buffer);
989 	}
990 
991 	/*
992 	 * If we have a callgraph be created, select the outputfile.
993 	 */
994 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS) {
995 		if (strcmp(graphfilename, "-") == 0)
996 		    args.pa_graphfile = args.pa_printfile;
997 		else {
998 			args.pa_graphfile = fopen(graphfilename, "w");
999 			if (args.pa_graphfile == NULL)
1000 				err(EX_OSERR,
1001 				    "ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing",
1002 				    graphfilename);
1003 		}
1004 	}
1005 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE) {
1006 		args.pa_graphfile = fopen(graphfilename, "w");
1007 		if (args.pa_graphfile == NULL)
1008 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing",
1009 			    graphfilename);
1010 	}
1011 
1012 	/* if we've been asked to process a log file, skip init */
1013 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) == 0) {
1014 		if (pmc_init() < 0)
1015 			err(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
1016 			    "ERROR: Initialization of the pmc(3) library failed"
1017 			    );
1018 
1019 		if ((npmc = pmc_npmc(0)) < 0) /* assume all CPUs are identical */
1020 			err(EX_OSERR,
1021 "ERROR: Cannot determine the number of PMCs on CPU %d",
1022 			    0);
1023 	}
1024 
1025 	/* Allocate a kqueue */
1026 	if ((pmcstat_kq = kqueue()) < 0)
1027 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot allocate kqueue");
1028 
1029 	/* Setup the logfile as the source. */
1030 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) {
1031 		/*
1032 		 * Print the log in textual form if we haven't been
1033 		 * asked to generate profiling information.
1034 		 */
1035 		if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANALYSIS) == 0)
1036 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_PRINT;
1037 
1038 		pmcstat_log_initialize_logging();
1039 		rfd = pmcstat_open_log(args.pa_inputpath,
1040 		    PMCSTAT_OPEN_FOR_READ);
1041 		if ((args.pa_logparser = pmclog_open(rfd)) == NULL)
1042 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot create parser");
1043 		if (fcntl(rfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
1044 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: fcntl(2) failed");
1045 		EV_SET(&kev, rfd, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD,
1046 		    0, 0, NULL);
1047 		if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1048 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent");
1049 	}
1050 	/*
1051 	 * Configure the specified log file or setup a default log
1052 	 * consumer via a pipe.
1053 	 */
1054 	if (args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) {
1055 		if (args.pa_outputpath)
1056 			args.pa_logfd = pmcstat_open_log(args.pa_outputpath,
1057 			    PMCSTAT_OPEN_FOR_WRITE);
1058 		else {
1059 			/*
1060 			 * process the log on the fly by reading it in
1061 			 * through a pipe.
1062 			 */
1063 			if (pipe(pipefd) < 0)
1064 				err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: pipe(2) failed");
1065 
1066 			if (fcntl(pipefd[READPIPEFD], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
1067 				err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: fcntl(2) failed");
1068 
1069 			EV_SET(&kev, pipefd[READPIPEFD], EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD,
1070 			    0, 0, NULL);
1071 
1072 			if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1073 				err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent");
1074 
1075 			args.pa_logfd = pipefd[WRITEPIPEFD];
1076 
1077 			args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_PIPE;
1078 			if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) == 0)
1079 				args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_PRINT;
1080 			args.pa_logparser = pmclog_open(pipefd[READPIPEFD]);
1081 		}
1082 
1083 		if (pmc_configure_logfile(args.pa_logfd) < 0)
1084 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot configure log file");
1085 	}
1086 
1087 	/* remember to check for driver errors if we are sampling or logging */
1088 	check_driver_stats = (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) ||
1089 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE);
1090 
1091 	/*
1092 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) {
1093 	 * Allocate PMCs.
1094 	 */
1095 
1096 	STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {
1097 		if (pmc_allocate(ev->ev_spec, ev->ev_mode,
1098 		    ev->ev_flags, ev->ev_cpu, &ev->ev_pmcid) < 0)
1099 			err(EX_OSERR,
1100 "ERROR: Cannot allocate %s-mode pmc with specification \"%s\"",
1101 			    PMC_IS_SYSTEM_MODE(ev->ev_mode) ?
1102 			    "system" : "process", ev->ev_spec);
1103 
1104 		if (PMC_IS_SAMPLING_MODE(ev->ev_mode) &&
1105 		    pmc_set(ev->ev_pmcid, ev->ev_count) < 0)
1106 			err(EX_OSERR,
1107 			    "ERROR: Cannot set sampling count for PMC \"%s\"",
1108 			    ev->ev_name);
1109 	}
1110 
1111 	/* compute printout widths */
1112 	STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {
1113 		int counter_width;
1114 		int display_width;
1115 		int header_width;
1116 
1117 		(void) pmc_width(ev->ev_pmcid, &counter_width);
1118 		header_width = strlen(ev->ev_name) + 2; /* prefix '%c/' */
1119 		display_width = (int) floor(counter_width / 3.32193) + 1;
1120 
1121 		if (PMC_IS_SYSTEM_MODE(ev->ev_mode))
1122 			header_width += 3; /* 2 digit CPU number + '/' */
1123 
1124 		if (header_width > display_width) {
1125 			ev->ev_fieldskip = 0;
1126 			ev->ev_fieldwidth = header_width;
1127 		} else {
1128 			ev->ev_fieldskip = display_width -
1129 			    header_width;
1130 			ev->ev_fieldwidth = display_width;
1131 		}
1132 	}
1133 
1134 	/*
1135 	 * If our output is being set to a terminal, register a handler
1136 	 * for window size changes.
1137 	 */
1138 
1139 	if (isatty(fileno(args.pa_printfile))) {
1140 
1141 		if (ioctl(fileno(args.pa_printfile), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
1142 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot determine window size");
1143 
1144 		pmcstat_displayheight = ws.ws_row - 1;
1145 		pmcstat_displaywidth  = ws.ws_col - 1;
1146 
1147 		EV_SET(&kev, SIGWINCH, EVFILT_SIGNAL, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
1148 
1149 		if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1150 			err(EX_OSERR,
1151 			    "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for SIGWINCH");
1152 
1153 		args.pa_toptty = 1;
1154 	}
1155 
1156 	/*
1157 	 * Listen to key input in top mode.
1158 	 */
1159 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) {
1160 		EV_SET(&kev, fileno(stdin), EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
1161 		if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1162 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent");
1163 	}
1164 
1165 	EV_SET(&kev, SIGINT, EVFILT_SIGNAL, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
1166 	if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1167 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for SIGINT");
1168 
1169 	EV_SET(&kev, SIGIO, EVFILT_SIGNAL, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
1170 	if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1171 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for SIGIO");
1172 
1173 	/*
1174 	 * An exec() failure of a forked child is signalled by the
1175 	 * child sending the parent a SIGCHLD.  We don't register an
1176 	 * actual signal handler for SIGCHLD, but instead use our
1177 	 * kqueue to pick up the signal.
1178 	 */
1179 	EV_SET(&kev, SIGCHLD, EVFILT_SIGNAL, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
1180 	if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1181 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for SIGCHLD");
1182 
1183 	/*
1184 	 * Setup a timer if we have counting mode PMCs needing to be printed or
1185 	 * top mode plugin is active.
1186 	 */
1187 	if (((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS) &&
1188 	     (args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) == 0) ||
1189 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP)) {
1190 		EV_SET(&kev, 0, EVFILT_TIMER, EV_ADD, 0,
1191 		    args.pa_interval * 1000, NULL);
1192 
1193 		if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1194 			err(EX_OSERR,
1195 			    "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for timer");
1196 	}
1197 
1198 	/*
1199 	 * Setup a duration timer if we have sampling mode PMCs and
1200 	 * a duration time is set
1201 	 */
1202 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) &&
1203 	    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_DURATION)) {
1204 		EV_SET(&kev, 0, EVFILT_TIMER, EV_ADD, 0,
1205 		    args.pa_duration * 1000, NULL);
1206 
1207 		if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
1208 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for "
1209 			    "time duration");
1210 	}
1211 
1212 	/* attach PMCs to the target process, starting it if specified */
1213 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)
1214 		pmcstat_create_process(pmcstat_sockpair, &args, pmcstat_kq);
1215 
1216 	if (check_driver_stats && pmc_get_driver_stats(&ds_start) < 0)
1217 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot retrieve driver statistics");
1218 
1219 	/* Attach process pmcs to the target process. */
1220 	if (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_TARGET | FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)) {
1221 		if (SLIST_EMPTY(&args.pa_targets))
1222 			errx(EX_DATAERR,
1223 			    "ERROR: No matching target processes.");
1224 		if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS)
1225 			pmcstat_attach_pmcs(&args);
1226 
1227 		if (pmcstat_kvm) {
1228 			kvm_close(pmcstat_kvm);
1229 			pmcstat_kvm = NULL;
1230 		}
1231 	}
1232 
1233 	/* start the pmcs */
1234 	pmcstat_start_pmcs();
1235 
1236 	/* start the (commandline) process if needed */
1237 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)
1238 		pmcstat_start_process(pmcstat_sockpair);
1239 
1240 	/* initialize logging */
1241 	pmcstat_log_initialize_logging();
1242 
1243 	/* Handle SIGINT using the kqueue loop */
1244 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1245 	sa.sa_flags   = 0;
1246 	(void) sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1247 
1248 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL) < 0)
1249 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot install signal handler");
1250 
1251 	/*
1252 	 * Setup the top mode display.
1253 	 */
1254 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) {
1255 		args.pa_flags &= ~FLAG_DO_PRINT;
1256 
1257 		if (args.pa_toptty) {
1258 			/*
1259 			 * Init ncurses.
1260 			 */
1261 			initscr();
1262 			if(has_colors() == TRUE) {
1263 				args.pa_topcolor = 1;
1264 				start_color();
1265 				use_default_colors();
1266 				pair_content(0, &cf, &cb);
1267 				init_pair(1, COLOR_RED, cb);
1268 				init_pair(2, COLOR_YELLOW, cb);
1269 				init_pair(3, COLOR_GREEN, cb);
1270 			}
1271 			cbreak();
1272 			noecho();
1273 			nonl();
1274 			nodelay(stdscr, 1);
1275 			intrflush(stdscr, FALSE);
1276 			keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
1277 			clear();
1278 			/* Get terminal width / height with ncurses. */
1279 			getmaxyx(stdscr,
1280 			    pmcstat_displayheight, pmcstat_displaywidth);
1281 			pmcstat_displayheight--; pmcstat_displaywidth--;
1282 			atexit(pmcstat_topexit);
1283 		}
1284 	}
1285 
1286 	/*
1287 	 * loop till either the target process (if any) exits, or we
1288 	 * are killed by a SIGINT or we reached the time duration.
1289 	 */
1290 	runstate = PMCSTAT_RUNNING;
1291 	do_print = do_read = 0;
1292 	do {
1293 		if ((c = kevent(pmcstat_kq, NULL, 0, &kev, 1, NULL)) <= 0) {
1294 			if (errno != EINTR)
1295 				err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: kevent failed");
1296 			else
1297 				continue;
1298 		}
1299 
1300 		if (kev.flags & EV_ERROR)
1301 			errc(EX_OSERR, kev.data, "ERROR: kevent failed");
1302 
1303 		switch (kev.filter) {
1304 		case EVFILT_PROC:  /* target has exited */
1305 			runstate = pmcstat_close_log(&args);
1306 			do_print = 1;
1307 			break;
1308 
1309 		case EVFILT_READ:  /* log file data is present */
1310 			if (kev.ident == (unsigned)fileno(stdin) &&
1311 			    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP)) {
1312 				if (pmcstat_keypress_log())
1313 					runstate = pmcstat_close_log(&args);
1314 			} else {
1315 				do_read = 0;
1316 				runstate = pmcstat_process_log();
1317 			}
1318 			break;
1319 
1320 		case EVFILT_SIGNAL:
1321 			if (kev.ident == SIGCHLD) {
1322 				/*
1323 				 * The child process sends us a
1324 				 * SIGCHLD if its exec() failed.  We
1325 				 * wait for it to exit and then exit
1326 				 * ourselves.
1327 				 */
1328 				(void) wait(&c);
1329 				runstate = PMCSTAT_FINISHED;
1330 			} else if (kev.ident == SIGIO) {
1331 				/*
1332 				 * We get a SIGIO if a PMC loses all
1333 				 * of its targets, or if logfile
1334 				 * writes encounter an error.
1335 				 */
1336 				runstate = pmcstat_close_log(&args);
1337 				do_print = 1; /* print PMCs at exit */
1338 			} else if (kev.ident == SIGINT) {
1339 				/* Kill the child process if we started it */
1340 				if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)
1341 					pmcstat_kill_process();
1342 				runstate = pmcstat_close_log(&args);
1343 			} else if (kev.ident == SIGWINCH) {
1344 				if (ioctl(fileno(args.pa_printfile),
1345 					TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
1346 				    err(EX_OSERR,
1347 				        "ERROR: Cannot determine window size");
1348 				pmcstat_displayheight = ws.ws_row - 1;
1349 				pmcstat_displaywidth  = ws.ws_col - 1;
1350 			} else
1351 				assert(0);
1352 
1353 			break;
1354 
1355 		case EVFILT_TIMER:
1356 			/* time duration reached, exit */
1357 			if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_DURATION) {
1358 				runstate = PMCSTAT_FINISHED;
1359 				break;
1360 			}
1361 			/* print out counting PMCs */
1362 			if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) &&
1363 			    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_PIPE) &&
1364 			     pmc_flush_logfile() == 0)
1365 				do_read = 1;
1366 			do_print = 1;
1367 			break;
1368 
1369 		}
1370 
1371 		if (do_print && !do_read) {
1372 			if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) == 0) {
1373 				pmcstat_print_pmcs();
1374 				if (runstate == PMCSTAT_FINISHED &&
1375 				    /* final newline */
1376 				    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_PRINT) == 0)
1377 					(void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "\n");
1378 			}
1379 			if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP)
1380 				pmcstat_display_log();
1381 			do_print = 0;
1382 		}
1383 
1384 	} while (runstate != PMCSTAT_FINISHED);
1385 
1386 	if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) && args.pa_toptty) {
1387 		pmcstat_topexit();
1388 		args.pa_toptty = 0;
1389 	}
1390 
1391 	/* flush any pending log entries */
1392 	if (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE | FLAG_HAS_PIPE))
1393 		pmc_close_logfile();
1394 
1395 	pmcstat_cleanup();
1396 
1397 	/* check if the driver lost any samples or events */
1398 	if (check_driver_stats) {
1399 		if (pmc_get_driver_stats(&ds_end) < 0)
1400 			err(EX_OSERR,
1401 			    "ERROR: Cannot retrieve driver statistics");
1402 		if (ds_start.pm_intr_bufferfull != ds_end.pm_intr_bufferfull &&
1403 		    args.pa_verbosity > 0)
1404 			warnx(
1405 "WARNING: sampling was paused at least %u time%s.\n"
1406 "Please consider tuning the \"kern.hwpmc.nsamples\" tunable.",
1407 			    ds_end.pm_intr_bufferfull -
1408 			    ds_start.pm_intr_bufferfull,
1409 			    ((ds_end.pm_intr_bufferfull -
1410 			    ds_start.pm_intr_bufferfull) != 1) ? "s" : ""
1411 			    );
1412 		if (ds_start.pm_buffer_requests_failed !=
1413 		    ds_end.pm_buffer_requests_failed &&
1414 		    args.pa_verbosity > 0)
1415 			warnx(
1416 "WARNING: at least %u event%s were discarded while running.\n"
1417 "Please consider tuning the \"kern.hwpmc.nbuffers\" tunable.",
1418 	 		    ds_end.pm_buffer_requests_failed -
1419 			    ds_start.pm_buffer_requests_failed,
1420 			    ((ds_end.pm_buffer_requests_failed -
1421 			    ds_start.pm_buffer_requests_failed) != 1) ? "s" : ""
1422 			    );
1423 	}
1424 
1425 	exit(EX_OK);
1426 }
1427