xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pmcstat/pmcpl_gprof.c (revision 49b49cda41feabe3439f7318e8bf40e3896c7bf4) 
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2005-2007, Joseph Koshy
3  * Copyright (c) 2007 The FreeBSD Foundation
4  * Copyright (c) 2009, Fabien Thomas
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Portions of this software were developed by A. Joseph Koshy under
8  * sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation and Google, Inc.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Transform a hwpmc(4) log into human readable form, and into
34  * gprof(1) compatible profiles.
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
39 
40 #include <sys/param.h>
41 #include <sys/endian.h>
42 #include <sys/gmon.h>
43 #include <sys/imgact_aout.h>
44 #include <sys/imgact_elf.h>
45 #include <sys/mman.h>
46 #include <sys/pmc.h>
47 #include <sys/queue.h>
48 #include <sys/socket.h>
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 #include <sys/wait.h>
51 
52 #include <netinet/in.h>
53 
54 #include <assert.h>
55 #include <curses.h>
56 #include <err.h>
57 #include <errno.h>
58 #include <fcntl.h>
59 #include <gelf.h>
60 #include <libgen.h>
61 #include <limits.h>
62 #include <netdb.h>
63 #include <pmc.h>
64 #include <pmclog.h>
65 #include <sysexits.h>
66 #include <stdint.h>
67 #include <stdio.h>
68 #include <stdlib.h>
69 #include <string.h>
70 #include <unistd.h>
71 
72 #include "pmcstat.h"
73 #include "pmcstat_log.h"
74 #include "pmcpl_callgraph.h"
75 #include "pmcpl_gprof.h"
76 
77 typedef	uint64_t	WIDEHISTCOUNTER;
78 
79 #define	WIDEHISTCOUNTER_MAX		UINT64_MAX
80 #define	HISTCOUNTER_MAX			USHRT_MAX
81 #define	WIDEHISTCOUNTER_GMONTYPE	((int) 64)
82 #define	HISTCOUNTER_GMONTYPE		((int) 0)
83 static int hc_sz=0;
84 
85 /*
86  * struct pmcstat_gmonfile tracks a given 'gmon.out' file.  These
87  * files are mmap()'ed in as needed.
88  */
89 
90 struct pmcstat_gmonfile {
91 	LIST_ENTRY(pmcstat_gmonfile)	pgf_next; /* list of entries */
92 	int		pgf_overflow;	/* whether a count overflowed */
93 	pmc_id_t	pgf_pmcid;	/* id of the associated pmc */
94 	size_t		pgf_nbuckets;	/* #buckets in this gmon.out */
95 	unsigned int	pgf_nsamples;	/* #samples in this gmon.out */
96 	pmcstat_interned_string pgf_name;	/* pathname of gmon.out file */
97 	size_t		pgf_ndatabytes;	/* number of bytes mapped */
98 	void		*pgf_gmondata;	/* pointer to mmap'ed data */
99 	FILE		*pgf_file;	/* used when writing gmon arcs */
100 };
101 
102 /*
103  * Prototypes
104  */
105 
106 static void	pmcstat_gmon_create_file(struct pmcstat_gmonfile *_pgf,
107     struct pmcstat_image *_image);
108 static pmcstat_interned_string pmcstat_gmon_create_name(const char *_sd,
109     struct pmcstat_image *_img, pmc_id_t _pmcid);
110 static void	pmcstat_gmon_map_file(struct pmcstat_gmonfile *_pgf);
111 static void	pmcstat_gmon_unmap_file(struct pmcstat_gmonfile *_pgf);
112 
113 static struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pmcstat_image_find_gmonfile(struct
114     pmcstat_image *_i, pmc_id_t _id);
115 
116 /*
117  * Create a gmon.out file and size it.
118  */
119 
120 static void
121 pmcstat_gmon_create_file(struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pgf,
122     struct pmcstat_image *image)
123 {
124 	int fd;
125 	size_t count;
126 	struct gmonhdr gm;
127 	const char *pathname;
128 	char buffer[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
129 
130 	pathname = pmcstat_string_unintern(pgf->pgf_name);
131 	if ((fd = open(pathname, O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CREAT,
132 		 S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH)) < 0)
133 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot open \"%s\"", pathname);
134 
135 	gm.lpc = image->pi_start;
136 	gm.hpc = image->pi_end;
137 	gm.ncnt = (pgf->pgf_nbuckets * hc_sz) + sizeof(struct gmonhdr);
138 	gm.version = GMONVERSION;
139 	gm.profrate = 0;		/* use ticks */
140 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_WIDE_GPROF_HC)
141 		gm.histcounter_type = WIDEHISTCOUNTER_GMONTYPE;
142 	else
143 		gm.histcounter_type = HISTCOUNTER_GMONTYPE;
144 	gm.spare[0] = gm.spare[1] = 0;
145 
146 	/* Write out the gmon header */
147 	if (write(fd, &gm, sizeof(gm)) < 0)
148 		goto error;
149 
150 	/* Zero fill the samples[] array */
151 	(void) memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
152 
153 	count = pgf->pgf_ndatabytes - sizeof(struct gmonhdr);
154 	while (count > sizeof(buffer)) {
155 		if (write(fd, &buffer, sizeof(buffer)) < 0)
156 			goto error;
157 		count -= sizeof(buffer);
158 	}
159 
160 	if (write(fd, &buffer, count) < 0)
161 		goto error;
162 
163 	(void) close(fd);
164 
165 	return;
166 
167  error:
168 	err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot write \"%s\"", pathname);
169 }
170 
171 /*
172  * Determine the full pathname of a gmon.out file for a given
173  * (image,pmcid) combination.  Return the interned string.
174  */
175 
176 pmcstat_interned_string
177 pmcstat_gmon_create_name(const char *samplesdir, struct pmcstat_image *image,
178     pmc_id_t pmcid)
179 {
180 	const char *pmcname;
181 	char fullpath[PATH_MAX];
182 
183 	pmcname = pmcstat_pmcid_to_name(pmcid);
184 	if (!pmcname)
185 		err(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: cannot find pmcid");
186 
187 	(void) snprintf(fullpath, sizeof(fullpath),
188 	    "%s/%s/%s", samplesdir, pmcname,
189 	    pmcstat_string_unintern(image->pi_samplename));
190 
191 	return (pmcstat_string_intern(fullpath));
192 }
193 
194 
195 /*
196  * Mmap in a gmon.out file for processing.
197  */
198 
199 static void
200 pmcstat_gmon_map_file(struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pgf)
201 {
202 	int fd;
203 	const char *pathname;
204 
205 	pathname = pmcstat_string_unintern(pgf->pgf_name);
206 
207 	/* the gmon.out file must already exist */
208 	if ((fd = open(pathname, O_RDWR | O_NOFOLLOW, 0)) < 0)
209 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: cannot open \"%s\"", pathname);
210 
211 	pgf->pgf_gmondata = mmap(NULL, pgf->pgf_ndatabytes,
212 	    PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_NOSYNC|MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
213 
214 	if (pgf->pgf_gmondata == MAP_FAILED)
215 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: cannot map \"%s\"", pathname);
216 
217 	(void) close(fd);
218 }
219 
220 /*
221  * Unmap a gmon.out file after sync'ing its data to disk.
222  */
223 
224 static void
225 pmcstat_gmon_unmap_file(struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pgf)
226 {
227 	(void) msync(pgf->pgf_gmondata, pgf->pgf_ndatabytes,
228 	    MS_SYNC);
229 	(void) munmap(pgf->pgf_gmondata, pgf->pgf_ndatabytes);
230 	pgf->pgf_gmondata = NULL;
231 }
232 
233 static void
234 pmcstat_gmon_append_arc(struct pmcstat_image *image, pmc_id_t pmcid,
235     uintptr_t rawfrom, uintptr_t rawto, uint32_t count)
236 {
237 	struct rawarc arc;	/* from <sys/gmon.h> */
238 	const char *pathname;
239 	struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pgf;
240 
241 	if ((pgf = pmcstat_image_find_gmonfile(image, pmcid)) == NULL)
242 		return;
243 
244 	if (pgf->pgf_file == NULL) {
245 		pathname = pmcstat_string_unintern(pgf->pgf_name);
246 		if ((pgf->pgf_file = fopen(pathname, "a")) == NULL)
247 			return;
248 	}
249 
250 	arc.raw_frompc = rawfrom + image->pi_vaddr;
251 	arc.raw_selfpc = rawto + image->pi_vaddr;
252 	arc.raw_count = count;
253 
254 	(void) fwrite(&arc, sizeof(arc), 1, pgf->pgf_file);
255 
256 }
257 
258 static struct pmcstat_gmonfile *
259 pmcstat_image_find_gmonfile(struct pmcstat_image *image, pmc_id_t pmcid)
260 {
261 	struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pgf;
262 	LIST_FOREACH(pgf, &image->pi_gmlist, pgf_next)
263 	    if (pgf->pgf_pmcid == pmcid)
264 		    return (pgf);
265 	return (NULL);
266 }
267 
268 static void
269 pmcstat_cgnode_do_gmon_arcs(struct pmcstat_cgnode *cg, pmc_id_t pmcid)
270 {
271 	struct pmcstat_cgnode *cgc;
272 
273 	/*
274 	 * Look for child nodes that belong to the same image.
275 	 */
276 
277 	LIST_FOREACH(cgc, &cg->pcg_children, pcg_sibling) {
278 		if (cgc->pcg_image == cg->pcg_image)
279 			pmcstat_gmon_append_arc(cg->pcg_image, pmcid,
280 			    cgc->pcg_func, cg->pcg_func, cgc->pcg_count);
281 		if (cgc->pcg_nchildren > 0)
282 			pmcstat_cgnode_do_gmon_arcs(cgc, pmcid);
283 	}
284 }
285 
286 static void
287 pmcstat_callgraph_do_gmon_arcs_for_pmcid(pmc_id_t pmcid)
288 {
289 	int n;
290 	struct pmcstat_cgnode_hash *pch;
291 
292 	for (n = 0; n < PMCSTAT_NHASH; n++)
293 		LIST_FOREACH(pch, &pmcstat_cgnode_hash[n], pch_next)
294 			if (pch->pch_pmcid == pmcid &&
295 			    pch->pch_cgnode->pcg_nchildren > 1)
296 				pmcstat_cgnode_do_gmon_arcs(pch->pch_cgnode,
297 				    pmcid);
298 }
299 
300 
301 static void
302 pmcstat_callgraph_do_gmon_arcs(void)
303 {
304 	struct pmcstat_pmcrecord *pmcr;
305 
306 	LIST_FOREACH(pmcr, &pmcstat_pmcs, pr_next)
307 		pmcstat_callgraph_do_gmon_arcs_for_pmcid(pmcr->pr_pmcid);
308 }
309 
310 void
311 pmcpl_gmon_initimage(struct pmcstat_image *pi)
312 {
313 	int count, nlen;
314 	char *sn;
315 	char name[NAME_MAX];
316 
317 	/*
318 	 * Look for a suitable name for the sample files associated
319 	 * with this image: if `basename(path)`+".gmon" is available,
320 	 * we use that, otherwise we try iterating through
321 	 * `basename(path)`+ "~" + NNN + ".gmon" till we get a free
322 	 * entry.
323 	 */
324 	if ((sn = basename(pmcstat_string_unintern(pi->pi_execpath))) == NULL)
325 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot process \"%s\"",
326 		    pmcstat_string_unintern(pi->pi_execpath));
327 
328 	nlen = strlen(sn);
329 	nlen = min(nlen, (int) (sizeof(name) - sizeof(".gmon")));
330 
331 	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%.*s.gmon", nlen, sn);
332 
333 	/* try use the unabridged name first */
334 	if (pmcstat_string_lookup(name) == NULL)
335 		pi->pi_samplename = pmcstat_string_intern(name);
336 	else {
337 		/*
338 		 * Otherwise use a prefix from the original name and
339 		 * up to 3 digits.
340 		 */
341 		nlen = strlen(sn);
342 		nlen = min(nlen, (int) (sizeof(name)-sizeof("~NNN.gmon")));
343 		count = 0;
344 		do {
345 			if (++count > 999)
346 				errx(EX_CANTCREAT,
347 				    "ERROR: cannot create a gmon file for"
348 				    " \"%s\"", name);
349 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%.*s~%3.3d.gmon",
350 			    nlen, sn, count);
351 			if (pmcstat_string_lookup(name) == NULL) {
352 				pi->pi_samplename =
353 				    pmcstat_string_intern(name);
354 				count = 0;
355 			}
356 		} while (count > 0);
357 	}
358 
359 	LIST_INIT(&pi->pi_gmlist);
360 }
361 
362 void
363 pmcpl_gmon_shutdownimage(struct pmcstat_image *pi)
364 {
365 	struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pgf, *pgftmp;
366 
367 	LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(pgf, &pi->pi_gmlist, pgf_next, pgftmp) {
368 		if (pgf->pgf_file)
369 			(void) fclose(pgf->pgf_file);
370 		LIST_REMOVE(pgf, pgf_next);
371 		free(pgf);
372 	}
373 }
374 
375 void
376 pmcpl_gmon_newpmc(pmcstat_interned_string ps, struct pmcstat_pmcrecord *pr)
377 {
378 	struct stat st;
379 	char fullpath[PATH_MAX];
380 
381 	(void) pr;
382 
383 	/*
384 	 * Create the appropriate directory to hold gmon.out files.
385 	 */
386 
387 	(void) snprintf(fullpath, sizeof(fullpath), "%s/%s", args.pa_samplesdir,
388 	    pmcstat_string_unintern(ps));
389 
390 	/* If the path name exists, it should be a directory */
391 	if (stat(fullpath, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
392 		return;
393 
394 	if (mkdir(fullpath, S_IRWXU|S_IRGRP|S_IXGRP|S_IROTH|S_IXOTH) < 0)
395 		err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot create directory \"%s\"",
396 		    fullpath);
397 }
398 
399 /*
400  * Increment the bucket in the gmon.out file corresponding to 'pmcid'
401  * and 'pc'.
402  */
403 
404 void
405 pmcpl_gmon_process(struct pmcstat_process *pp, struct pmcstat_pmcrecord *pmcr,
406     uint32_t nsamples, uintfptr_t *cc, int usermode, uint32_t cpu)
407 {
408 	struct pmcstat_pcmap *map;
409 	struct pmcstat_image *image;
410 	struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pgf;
411 	uintfptr_t bucket;
412 	HISTCOUNTER *hc;
413 	WIDEHISTCOUNTER *whc;
414 	pmc_id_t pmcid;
415 
416 	(void) nsamples; (void) usermode; (void) cpu;
417 
418 	map = pmcstat_process_find_map(usermode ? pp : pmcstat_kernproc, cc[0]);
419 	if (map == NULL) {
420 		/* Unknown offset. */
421 		pmcstat_stats.ps_samples_unknown_offset++;
422 		return;
423 	}
424 
425 	assert(cc[0] >= map->ppm_lowpc && cc[0] < map->ppm_highpc);
426 
427 	image = map->ppm_image;
428 	pmcid = pmcr->pr_pmcid;
429 
430 	/*
431 	 * If this is the first time we are seeing a sample for
432 	 * this executable image, try determine its parameters.
433 	 */
434 	if (image->pi_type == PMCSTAT_IMAGE_UNKNOWN)
435 		pmcstat_image_determine_type(image);
436 
437 	assert(image->pi_type != PMCSTAT_IMAGE_UNKNOWN);
438 
439 	/* Ignore samples in images that we know nothing about. */
440 	if (image->pi_type == PMCSTAT_IMAGE_INDETERMINABLE) {
441 		pmcstat_stats.ps_samples_indeterminable++;
442 		return;
443 	}
444 
445 	/*
446 	 * Find the gmon file corresponding to 'pmcid', creating it if
447 	 * needed.
448 	 */
449 	pgf = pmcstat_image_find_gmonfile(image, pmcid);
450 	if (pgf == NULL) {
451 		if (hc_sz == 0) {
452 			/* Determine the correct histcounter size. */
453 			if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_WIDE_GPROF_HC)
454 				hc_sz = sizeof(WIDEHISTCOUNTER);
455 			else
456 				hc_sz = sizeof(HISTCOUNTER);
457 		}
458 
459 		if ((pgf = calloc(1, sizeof(*pgf))) == NULL)
460 			err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR:");
461 
462 		pgf->pgf_gmondata = NULL;	/* mark as unmapped */
463 		pgf->pgf_name = pmcstat_gmon_create_name(args.pa_samplesdir,
464 		    image, pmcid);
465 		pgf->pgf_pmcid = pmcid;
466 		assert(image->pi_end > image->pi_start);
467 		pgf->pgf_nbuckets = (image->pi_end - image->pi_start) /
468 		    FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT;	/* see <machine/profile.h> */
469 		pgf->pgf_ndatabytes = sizeof(struct gmonhdr) +
470 		    pgf->pgf_nbuckets * hc_sz;
471 		pgf->pgf_nsamples = 0;
472 		pgf->pgf_file = NULL;
473 
474 		pmcstat_gmon_create_file(pgf, image);
475 
476 		LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&image->pi_gmlist, pgf, pgf_next);
477 	}
478 
479 	/*
480 	 * Map the gmon file in if needed.  It may have been mapped
481 	 * out under memory pressure.
482 	 */
483 	if (pgf->pgf_gmondata == NULL)
484 		pmcstat_gmon_map_file(pgf);
485 
486 	assert(pgf->pgf_gmondata != NULL);
487 
488 	/*
489 	 *
490 	 */
491 
492 	bucket = (cc[0] - map->ppm_lowpc) / FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT;
493 
494 	assert(bucket < pgf->pgf_nbuckets);
495 
496 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_WIDE_GPROF_HC) {
497 		whc = (WIDEHISTCOUNTER *) ((uintptr_t) pgf->pgf_gmondata +
498 		    sizeof(struct gmonhdr));
499 
500 		/* saturating add */
501 		if (whc[bucket] < WIDEHISTCOUNTER_MAX)
502 			whc[bucket]++;
503 		else /* mark that an overflow occurred */
504 			pgf->pgf_overflow = 1;
505 	} else {
506 		hc = (HISTCOUNTER *) ((uintptr_t) pgf->pgf_gmondata +
507 		    sizeof(struct gmonhdr));
508 
509 		/* saturating add */
510 		if (hc[bucket] < HISTCOUNTER_MAX)
511 			hc[bucket]++;
512 		else /* mark that an overflow occurred */
513 			pgf->pgf_overflow = 1;
514 	}
515 
516 	pgf->pgf_nsamples++;
517 }
518 
519 /*
520  * Shutdown module.
521  */
522 
523 void
524 pmcpl_gmon_shutdown(FILE *mf)
525 {
526 	int i;
527 	struct pmcstat_gmonfile *pgf;
528 	struct pmcstat_image *pi;
529 
530 	/*
531 	 * Sync back all gprof flat profile data.
532 	 */
533 	for (i = 0; i < PMCSTAT_NHASH; i++) {
534 		LIST_FOREACH(pi, &pmcstat_image_hash[i], pi_next) {
535 			if (mf)
536 				(void) fprintf(mf, " \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
537 				    pmcstat_string_unintern(pi->pi_execpath),
538 				    pmcstat_string_unintern(
539 				    pi->pi_samplename));
540 
541 			/* flush gmon.out data to disk */
542 			LIST_FOREACH(pgf, &pi->pi_gmlist, pgf_next) {
543 				pmcstat_gmon_unmap_file(pgf);
544 				if (mf)
545 					(void) fprintf(mf, " %s/%d",
546 					    pmcstat_pmcid_to_name(
547 					    pgf->pgf_pmcid),
548 					    pgf->pgf_nsamples);
549 				if (pgf->pgf_overflow && args.pa_verbosity >= 1)
550 					warnx(
551 "WARNING: profile \"%s\" overflowed.",
552 					    pmcstat_string_unintern(
553 					        pgf->pgf_name));
554 			}
555 
556 			if (mf)
557 				(void) fprintf(mf, "\n");
558 		}
559 	}
560 
561 	/*
562 	 * Compute arcs and add these to the gprof files.
563 	 */
564 	if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_GPROF && args.pa_graphdepth > 1)
565 		pmcstat_callgraph_do_gmon_arcs();
566 }
567