xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pciconf/pciconf.c (revision 963e8efffe4ab97233102e0e25f95061b6fefbe3)
1 /*
2  * Copyright 1996 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3  *
4  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
5  * its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
6  * granted, provided that both the above copyright notice and this
7  * permission notice appear in all copies, that both the above
8  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
9  * supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used
10  * in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
11  * software without specific, written prior permission.  M.I.T. makes
12  * no representations about the suitability of this software for any
13  * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied
14  * warranty.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''.  M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
17  * ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
18  * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
20  * SHALL M.I.T. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
21  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
23  * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
24  * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
25  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
26  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char rcsid[] =
32   "$FreeBSD$";
33 #endif /* not lint */
34 
35 #include <sys/types.h>
36 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
37 
38 #include <err.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <stdio.h>
41 #include <string.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 #include <sys/pciio.h>
44 #include <sys/queue.h>
45 
46 #include <dev/pci/pcireg.h>
47 
48 #include "pathnames.h"
49 
50 struct pci_device_info
51 {
52     TAILQ_ENTRY(pci_device_info)	link;
53     int					id;
54     char				*desc;
55 };
56 
57 struct pci_vendor_info
58 {
59     TAILQ_ENTRY(pci_vendor_info)	link;
60     TAILQ_HEAD(,pci_device_info)	devs;
61     int					id;
62     char				*desc;
63 };
64 
65 TAILQ_HEAD(,pci_vendor_info)	pci_vendors;
66 
67 static void list_devs(int vendors);
68 static void list_verbose(struct pci_conf *p);
69 static char *guess_class(struct pci_conf *p);
70 static char *guess_subclass(struct pci_conf *p);
71 static int load_vendors(void);
72 static void readit(const char *, const char *, int);
73 static void writeit(const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
74 static void chkattached(const char *, int);
75 
76 static int exitstatus = 0;
77 
78 static void
79 usage()
80 {
81 	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
82 		"usage: pciconf -l [-v]",
83 		"       pciconf -a selector",
84 		"       pciconf -r [-b | -h] selector addr[:addr2]",
85 		"       pciconf -w [-b | -h] selector addr value");
86 	exit (1);
87 }
88 
89 int
90 main(int argc, char **argv)
91 {
92 	int c;
93 	int listmode, readmode, writemode, attachedmode, verbose;
94 	int byte, isshort;
95 
96 	listmode = readmode = writemode = attachedmode = verbose = byte = isshort = 0;
97 
98 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "alrwbhv")) != -1) {
99 		switch(c) {
100 		case 'a':
101 			attachedmode = 1;
102 			break;
103 
104 		case 'l':
105 			listmode = 1;
106 			break;
107 
108 		case 'r':
109 			readmode = 1;
110 			break;
111 
112 		case 'w':
113 			writemode = 1;
114 			break;
115 
116 		case 'b':
117 			byte = 1;
118 			break;
119 
120 		case 'h':
121 			isshort = 1;
122 			break;
123 
124 		case 'v':
125 			verbose = 1;
126 			break;
127 
128 		default:
129 			usage();
130 		}
131 	}
132 
133 	if ((listmode && optind != argc)
134 	    || (writemode && optind + 3 != argc)
135 	    || (readmode && optind + 2 != argc)
136 	    || (attachedmode && optind + 1 != argc))
137 		usage();
138 
139 	if (listmode) {
140 		list_devs(verbose);
141 	} else if (attachedmode) {
142 		chkattached(argv[optind],
143 		       byte ? 1 : isshort ? 2 : 4);
144 	} else if (readmode) {
145 		readit(argv[optind], argv[optind + 1],
146 		       byte ? 1 : isshort ? 2 : 4);
147 	} else if (writemode) {
148 		writeit(argv[optind], argv[optind + 1], argv[optind + 2],
149 		       byte ? 1 : isshort ? 2 : 4);
150 	} else {
151 		usage();
152 	}
153 
154 	return exitstatus;
155 }
156 
157 static void
158 list_devs(int verbose)
159 {
160 	int fd;
161 	struct pci_conf_io pc;
162 	struct pci_conf conf[255], *p;
163 	int none_count = 0;
164 
165 	if (verbose)
166 		load_vendors();
167 
168 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDONLY, 0);
169 	if (fd < 0)
170 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
171 
172 	bzero(&pc, sizeof(struct pci_conf_io));
173 	pc.match_buf_len = sizeof(conf);
174 	pc.matches = conf;
175 
176 	do {
177 		if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCGETCONF, &pc) == -1)
178 			err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCGETCONF)");
179 
180 		/*
181 		 * 255 entries should be more than enough for most people,
182 		 * but if someone has more devices, and then changes things
183 		 * around between ioctls, we'll do the cheezy thing and
184 		 * just bail.  The alternative would be to go back to the
185 		 * beginning of the list, and print things twice, which may
186 		 * not be desireable.
187 		 */
188 		if (pc.status == PCI_GETCONF_LIST_CHANGED) {
189 			warnx("PCI device list changed, please try again");
190 			exitstatus = 1;
191 			close(fd);
192 			return;
193 		} else if (pc.status ==  PCI_GETCONF_ERROR) {
194 			warnx("error returned from PCIOCGETCONF ioctl");
195 			exitstatus = 1;
196 			close(fd);
197 			return;
198 		}
199 		for (p = conf; p < &conf[pc.num_matches]; p++) {
200 
201 			printf("%s%d@pci%d:%d:%d:\tclass=0x%06x card=0x%08x "
202 			       "chip=0x%08x rev=0x%02x hdr=0x%02x\n",
203 			       (p->pd_name && *p->pd_name) ? p->pd_name :
204 			       "none",
205 			       (p->pd_name && *p->pd_name) ? (int)p->pd_unit :
206 			       none_count++,
207 			       p->pc_sel.pc_bus, p->pc_sel.pc_dev,
208 			       p->pc_sel.pc_func, (p->pc_class << 16) |
209 			       (p->pc_subclass << 8) | p->pc_progif,
210 			       (p->pc_subdevice << 16) | p->pc_subvendor,
211 			       (p->pc_device << 16) | p->pc_vendor,
212 			       p->pc_revid, p->pc_hdr);
213 			if (verbose)
214 				list_verbose(p);
215 		}
216 	} while (pc.status == PCI_GETCONF_MORE_DEVS);
217 
218 	close(fd);
219 }
220 
221 static void
222 list_verbose(struct pci_conf *p)
223 {
224 	struct pci_vendor_info	*vi;
225 	struct pci_device_info	*di;
226 	char *dp;
227 
228 	TAILQ_FOREACH(vi, &pci_vendors, link) {
229 		if (vi->id == p->pc_vendor) {
230 			printf("    vendor   = '%s'\n", vi->desc);
231 			break;
232 		}
233 	}
234 	if (vi == NULL) {
235 		di = NULL;
236 	} else {
237 		TAILQ_FOREACH(di, &vi->devs, link) {
238 			if (di->id == p->pc_device) {
239 				printf("    device   = '%s'\n", di->desc);
240 				break;
241 			}
242 		}
243 	}
244 	if ((dp = guess_class(p)) != NULL)
245 		printf("    class    = %s\n", dp);
246 	if ((dp = guess_subclass(p)) != NULL)
247 		printf("    subclass = %s\n", dp);
248 }
249 
250 /*
251  * This is a direct cut-and-paste from the table in sys/dev/pci/pci.c.
252  */
253 static struct
254 {
255 	int	class;
256 	int	subclass;
257 	char	*desc;
258 } pci_nomatch_tab[] = {
259 	{PCIC_OLD,		-1,			"old"},
260 	{PCIC_OLD,		PCIS_OLD_NONVGA,	"non-VGA display device"},
261 	{PCIC_OLD,		PCIS_OLD_VGA,		"VGA-compatible display device"},
262 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		-1,			"mass storage"},
263 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_SCSI,	"SCSI"},
264 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_IDE,	"ATA"},
265 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_FLOPPY,	"floppy disk"},
266 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_IPI,	"IPI"},
267 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_RAID,	"RAID"},
268 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		-1,			"network"},
269 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ETHERNET,	"ethernet"},
270 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_TOKENRING,	"token ring"},
271 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_FDDI,	"fddi"},
272 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ATM,	"ATM"},
273 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ISDN,	"ISDN"},
274 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		-1,			"display"},
275 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_VGA,	"VGA"},
276 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_XGA,	"XGA"},
277 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_3D,	"3D"},
278 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	-1,			"multimedia"},
279 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_VIDEO,	"video"},
280 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_AUDIO,	"audio"},
281 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_TELE,	"telephony"},
282 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		-1,			"memory"},
283 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		PCIS_MEMORY_RAM,	"RAM"},
284 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		PCIS_MEMORY_FLASH,	"flash"},
285 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		-1,			"bridge"},
286 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_HOST,	"HOST-PCI"},
287 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_ISA,	"PCI-ISA"},
288 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_EISA,	"PCI-EISA"},
289 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_MCA,	"PCI-MCA"},
290 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_PCI,	"PCI-PCI"},
291 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_PCMCIA,	"PCI-PCMCIA"},
292 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_NUBUS,	"PCI-NuBus"},
293 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_CARDBUS,	"PCI-CardBus"},
294 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_RACEWAY,	"PCI-RACEway"},
295 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	-1,			"simple comms"},
296 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_UART,	"UART"},	/* could detect 16550 */
297 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_PAR,	"parallel port"},
298 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_MULSER,	"multiport serial"},
299 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_MODEM,	"generic modem"},
300 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	-1,			"base peripheral"},
301 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_PIC,	"interrupt controller"},
302 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_DMA,	"DMA controller"},
303 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_TIMER,	"timer"},
304 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_RTC,	"realtime clock"},
305 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_PCIHOT,	"PCI hot-plug controller"},
306 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		-1,			"input device"},
307 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_KEYBOARD,	"keyboard"},
308 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_DIGITIZER,"digitizer"},
309 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_MOUSE,	"mouse"},
310 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_SCANNER,	"scanner"},
311 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_GAMEPORT,	"gameport"},
312 	{PCIC_DOCKING,		-1,			"docking station"},
313 	{PCIC_PROCESSOR,	-1,			"processor"},
314 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	-1,			"serial bus"},
315 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_FW,	"FireWire"},
316 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_ACCESS,	"AccessBus"},
317 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_SSA,	"SSA"},
318 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_USB,	"USB"},
319 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_FC,	"Fibre Channel"},
320 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_SMBUS,	"SMBus"},
321 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		-1,			"wireless controller"},
322 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_IRDA,	"iRDA"},
323 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_IR,	"IR"},
324 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_RF,	"RF"},
325 	{PCIC_INTELLIIO,	-1,			"intelligent I/O controller"},
326 	{PCIC_INTELLIIO,	PCIS_INTELLIIO_I2O,	"I2O"},
327 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		-1,			"satellite communication"},
328 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_TV,		"sat TV"},
329 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_AUDIO,	"sat audio"},
330 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_VOICE,	"sat voice"},
331 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_DATA,	"sat data"},
332 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		-1,			"encrypt/decrypt"},
333 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		PCIS_CRYPTO_NETCOMP,	"network/computer crypto"},
334 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		PCIS_CRYPTO_NETCOMP,	"entertainment crypto"},
335 	{PCIC_DASP,		-1,			"dasp"},
336 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_DPIO,		"DPIO module"},
337 	{0, 0,		NULL}
338 };
339 
340 static char *
341 guess_class(struct pci_conf *p)
342 {
343 	int	i;
344 
345 	for (i = 0; pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc != NULL; i++) {
346 		if (pci_nomatch_tab[i].class == p->pc_class)
347 			return(pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc);
348 	}
349 	return(NULL);
350 }
351 
352 static char *
353 guess_subclass(struct pci_conf *p)
354 {
355 	int	i;
356 
357 	for (i = 0; pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc != NULL; i++) {
358 		if ((pci_nomatch_tab[i].class == p->pc_class) &&
359 		    (pci_nomatch_tab[i].subclass == p->pc_subclass))
360 			return(pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc);
361 	}
362 	return(NULL);
363 }
364 
365 static int
366 load_vendors(void)
367 {
368 	char *dbf;
369 	FILE *db;
370 	struct pci_vendor_info *cv;
371 	struct pci_device_info *cd;
372 	char buf[1024], str[1024];
373 	char *ch;
374 	int id, error;
375 
376 	/*
377 	 * Locate the database and initialise.
378 	 */
379 	TAILQ_INIT(&pci_vendors);
380 	if ((dbf = getenv("PCICONF_VENDOR_DATABASE")) == NULL)
381 		dbf = _PATH_PCIVDB;
382 	if ((db = fopen(dbf, "r")) == NULL)
383 		return(1);
384 	cv = NULL;
385 	cd = NULL;
386 	error = 0;
387 
388 	/*
389 	 * Scan input lines from the database
390 	 */
391 	for (;;) {
392 		if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), db) == NULL)
393 			break;
394 
395 		if ((ch = strchr(buf, '#')) != NULL)
396 			*ch = '\0';
397 		ch = strchr(buf, '\0') - 1;
398 		while (ch > buf && isspace(*ch))
399 			*ch-- = '\0';
400 		if (ch <= buf)
401 			continue;
402 
403 		/* Can't handle subvendor / subdevice entries yet */
404 		if (buf[0] == '\t' && buf[1] == '\t')
405 			continue;
406 
407 		/* Check for vendor entry */
408 		if (buf[0] != '\t' && sscanf(buf, "%04x %[^\n]", &id, str) == 2) {
409 			if ((id == 0) || (strlen(str) < 1))
410 				continue;
411 			if ((cv = malloc(sizeof(struct pci_vendor_info))) == NULL) {
412 				warn("allocating vendor entry");
413 				error = 1;
414 				break;
415 			}
416 			if ((cv->desc = strdup(str)) == NULL) {
417 				free(cv);
418 				warn("allocating vendor description");
419 				error = 1;
420 				break;
421 			}
422 			cv->id = id;
423 			TAILQ_INIT(&cv->devs);
424 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pci_vendors, cv, link);
425 			continue;
426 		}
427 
428 		/* Check for device entry */
429 		if (buf[0] == '\t' && sscanf(buf + 1, "%04x %[^\n]", &id, str) == 2) {
430 			if ((id == 0) || (strlen(str) < 1))
431 				continue;
432 			if (cv == NULL) {
433 				warnx("device entry with no vendor!");
434 				continue;
435 			}
436 			if ((cd = malloc(sizeof(struct pci_device_info))) == NULL) {
437 				warn("allocating device entry");
438 				error = 1;
439 				break;
440 			}
441 			if ((cd->desc = strdup(str)) == NULL) {
442 				free(cd);
443 				warn("allocating device description");
444 				error = 1;
445 				break;
446 			}
447 			cd->id = id;
448 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cv->devs, cd, link);
449 			continue;
450 		}
451 
452 		/* It's a comment or junk, ignore it */
453 	}
454 	if (ferror(db))
455 		error = 1;
456 	fclose(db);
457 
458 	return(error);
459 }
460 
461 
462 static struct pcisel
463 getsel(const char *str)
464 {
465 	char *ep = strchr(str, '@');
466 	char *epbase;
467 	struct pcisel sel;
468 
469 	if (ep == NULL)
470 		ep = (char *)str;
471 	else
472 		ep++;
473 
474 	epbase = ep;
475 
476 	if (strncmp(ep, "pci", 3) == 0) {
477 		ep += 3;
478 		sel.pc_bus = strtoul(ep, &ep, 0);
479 		if (!ep || *ep++ != ':')
480 			errx(1, "cannot parse selector %s", str);
481 		sel.pc_dev = strtoul(ep, &ep, 0);
482 		if (!ep || *ep != ':') {
483 			sel.pc_func = 0;
484 		} else {
485 			ep++;
486 			sel.pc_func = strtoul(ep, &ep, 0);
487 		}
488 		if (*ep == ':')
489 			ep++;
490 	}
491 	if (*ep != '\x0' || ep == epbase)
492 		errx(1, "cannot parse selector %s", str);
493 	return sel;
494 }
495 
496 static void
497 readone(int fd, struct pcisel *sel, long reg, int width)
498 {
499 	struct pci_io pi;
500 
501 	pi.pi_sel = *sel;
502 	pi.pi_reg = reg;
503 	pi.pi_width = width;
504 
505 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCREAD, &pi) < 0)
506 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCREAD)");
507 
508 	printf("%0*x", width*2, pi.pi_data);
509 }
510 
511 static void
512 readit(const char *name, const char *reg, int width)
513 {
514 	long rstart;
515 	long rend;
516 	long r;
517 	char *end;
518 	int i;
519 	int fd;
520 	struct pcisel sel;
521 
522 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
523 	if (fd < 0)
524 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
525 
526 	rend = rstart = strtol(reg, &end, 0);
527 	if (end && *end == ':') {
528 		end++;
529 		rend = strtol(end, (char **) 0, 0);
530 	}
531 	sel = getsel(name);
532 	for (i = 1, r = rstart; r <= rend; i++, r += width) {
533 		readone(fd, &sel, r, width);
534 		if (i && !(i % 8)) putchar(' ');
535 		putchar(i % (16/width) ? ' ' : '\n');
536 	}
537 	if (i % (16/width) != 1)
538 		putchar('\n');
539 	close(fd);
540 }
541 
542 static void
543 writeit(const char *name, const char *reg, const char *data, int width)
544 {
545 	int fd;
546 	struct pci_io pi;
547 
548 	pi.pi_sel = getsel(name);
549 	pi.pi_reg = strtoul(reg, (char **)0, 0); /* XXX error check */
550 	pi.pi_width = width;
551 	pi.pi_data = strtoul(data, (char **)0, 0); /* XXX error check */
552 
553 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
554 	if (fd < 0)
555 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
556 
557 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCWRITE, &pi) < 0)
558 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCWRITE)");
559 }
560 
561 static void
562 chkattached (const char *name, int width)
563 {
564 	int fd;
565 	struct pci_io pi;
566 
567 	pi.pi_sel = getsel(name);
568 	pi.pi_reg = 0;
569 	pi.pi_width = width;
570 	pi.pi_data = 0;
571 
572 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
573 	if (fd < 0)
574 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
575 
576 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCATTACHED, &pi) < 0)
577 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCATTACHED)");
578 
579 	exitstatus = pi.pi_data ? 0 : 2; /* exit(2), if NOT attached */
580 	printf("%s: %s%s\n", name, pi.pi_data == 0 ? "not " : "", "attached");
581 }
582