xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pciconf/pciconf.c (revision 48c779cdecb5f803e5fe5d761987e976ca9609db)
1 /*
2  * Copyright 1996 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3  *
4  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
5  * its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
6  * granted, provided that both the above copyright notice and this
7  * permission notice appear in all copies, that both the above
8  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
9  * supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used
10  * in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
11  * software without specific, written prior permission.  M.I.T. makes
12  * no representations about the suitability of this software for any
13  * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied
14  * warranty.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''.  M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
17  * ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
18  * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
20  * SHALL M.I.T. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
21  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
23  * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
24  * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
25  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
26  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char rcsid[] =
32   "$FreeBSD$";
33 #endif /* not lint */
34 
35 #include <sys/types.h>
36 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
37 #include <sys/mman.h>
38 #include <sys/pciio.h>
39 #include <sys/queue.h>
40 
41 #include <vm/vm.h>
42 
43 #include <dev/pci/pcireg.h>
44 
45 #include <assert.h>
46 #include <ctype.h>
47 #include <err.h>
48 #include <inttypes.h>
49 #include <stdbool.h>
50 #include <stdlib.h>
51 #include <stdio.h>
52 #include <string.h>
53 #include <unistd.h>
54 
55 #include "pathnames.h"
56 #include "pciconf.h"
57 
58 struct pci_device_info
59 {
60     TAILQ_ENTRY(pci_device_info)	link;
61     int					id;
62     char				*desc;
63 };
64 
65 struct pci_vendor_info
66 {
67     TAILQ_ENTRY(pci_vendor_info)	link;
68     TAILQ_HEAD(,pci_device_info)	devs;
69     int					id;
70     char				*desc;
71 };
72 
73 static TAILQ_HEAD(,pci_vendor_info)	pci_vendors;
74 
75 static struct pcisel getsel(const char *str);
76 static void list_bridge(int fd, struct pci_conf *p);
77 static void list_bars(int fd, struct pci_conf *p);
78 static void list_devs(const char *name, int verbose, int bars, int bridge,
79     int caps, int errors, int vpd);
80 static void list_verbose(struct pci_conf *p);
81 static void list_vpd(int fd, struct pci_conf *p);
82 static const char *guess_class(struct pci_conf *p);
83 static const char *guess_subclass(struct pci_conf *p);
84 static int load_vendors(void);
85 static void readit(const char *, const char *, int);
86 static void writeit(const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
87 static void chkattached(const char *);
88 static void dump_bar(const char *name, const char *reg, const char *bar_start,
89     const char *bar_count, int width, int verbose);
90 
91 static int exitstatus = 0;
92 
93 static void
94 usage(void)
95 {
96 
97 	fprintf(stderr, "%s",
98 		"usage: pciconf -l [-BbcevV] [device]\n"
99 		"       pciconf -a device\n"
100 		"       pciconf -r [-b | -h] device addr[:addr2]\n"
101 		"       pciconf -w [-b | -h] device addr value\n"
102 		"       pciconf -D [-b | -h | -x] device bar [start [count]]"
103 		"\n");
104 	exit(1);
105 }
106 
107 int
108 main(int argc, char **argv)
109 {
110 	int c, width;
111 	int listmode, readmode, writemode, attachedmode, dumpbarmode;
112 	int bars, bridge, caps, errors, verbose, vpd;
113 
114 	listmode = readmode = writemode = attachedmode = dumpbarmode = 0;
115 	bars = bridge = caps = errors = verbose = vpd= 0;
116 	width = 4;
117 
118 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "aBbcDehlrwVv")) != -1) {
119 		switch(c) {
120 		case 'a':
121 			attachedmode = 1;
122 			break;
123 
124 		case 'B':
125 			bridge = 1;
126 			break;
127 
128 		case 'b':
129 			bars = 1;
130 			width = 1;
131 			break;
132 
133 		case 'c':
134 			caps = 1;
135 			break;
136 
137 		case 'D':
138 			dumpbarmode = 1;
139 			break;
140 
141 		case 'e':
142 			errors = 1;
143 			break;
144 
145 		case 'h':
146 			width = 2;
147 			break;
148 
149 		case 'l':
150 			listmode = 1;
151 			break;
152 
153 		case 'r':
154 			readmode = 1;
155 			break;
156 
157 		case 'w':
158 			writemode = 1;
159 			break;
160 
161 		case 'v':
162 			verbose = 1;
163 			break;
164 
165 		case 'V':
166 			vpd = 1;
167 			break;
168 
169 		case 'x':
170 			width = 8;
171 			break;
172 
173 		default:
174 			usage();
175 		}
176 	}
177 
178 	if ((listmode && optind >= argc + 1)
179 	    || (writemode && optind + 3 != argc)
180 	    || (readmode && optind + 2 != argc)
181 	    || (attachedmode && optind + 1 != argc)
182 	    || (dumpbarmode && (optind + 2 > argc || optind + 4 < argc))
183 	    || (width == 8 && !dumpbarmode))
184 		usage();
185 
186 	if (listmode) {
187 		list_devs(optind + 1 == argc ? argv[optind] : NULL, verbose,
188 		    bars, bridge, caps, errors, vpd);
189 	} else if (attachedmode) {
190 		chkattached(argv[optind]);
191 	} else if (readmode) {
192 		readit(argv[optind], argv[optind + 1], width);
193 	} else if (writemode) {
194 		writeit(argv[optind], argv[optind + 1], argv[optind + 2],
195 		    width);
196 	} else if (dumpbarmode) {
197 		dump_bar(argv[optind], argv[optind + 1],
198 		    optind + 2 < argc ? argv[optind + 2] : NULL,
199 		    optind + 3 < argc ? argv[optind + 3] : NULL,
200 		    width, verbose);
201 	} else {
202 		usage();
203 	}
204 
205 	return (exitstatus);
206 }
207 
208 static void
209 list_devs(const char *name, int verbose, int bars, int bridge, int caps,
210     int errors, int vpd)
211 {
212 	int fd;
213 	struct pci_conf_io pc;
214 	struct pci_conf conf[255], *p;
215 	struct pci_match_conf patterns[1];
216 	int none_count = 0;
217 
218 	if (verbose)
219 		load_vendors();
220 
221 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, (bridge || caps || errors) ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY,
222 	    0);
223 	if (fd < 0)
224 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
225 
226 	bzero(&pc, sizeof(struct pci_conf_io));
227 	pc.match_buf_len = sizeof(conf);
228 	pc.matches = conf;
229 	if (name != NULL) {
230 		bzero(&patterns, sizeof(patterns));
231 		patterns[0].pc_sel = getsel(name);
232 		patterns[0].flags = PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_DOMAIN |
233 		    PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_BUS | PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_DEV |
234 		    PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_FUNC;
235 		pc.num_patterns = 1;
236 		pc.pat_buf_len = sizeof(patterns);
237 		pc.patterns = patterns;
238 	}
239 
240 	do {
241 		if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCGETCONF, &pc) == -1)
242 			err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCGETCONF)");
243 
244 		/*
245 		 * 255 entries should be more than enough for most people,
246 		 * but if someone has more devices, and then changes things
247 		 * around between ioctls, we'll do the cheesy thing and
248 		 * just bail.  The alternative would be to go back to the
249 		 * beginning of the list, and print things twice, which may
250 		 * not be desirable.
251 		 */
252 		if (pc.status == PCI_GETCONF_LIST_CHANGED) {
253 			warnx("PCI device list changed, please try again");
254 			exitstatus = 1;
255 			close(fd);
256 			return;
257 		} else if (pc.status ==  PCI_GETCONF_ERROR) {
258 			warnx("error returned from PCIOCGETCONF ioctl");
259 			exitstatus = 1;
260 			close(fd);
261 			return;
262 		}
263 		for (p = conf; p < &conf[pc.num_matches]; p++) {
264 			printf("%s%d@pci%d:%d:%d:%d:"
265 			    "\tclass=0x%06x rev=0x%02x hdr=0x%02x "
266 			    "vendor=0x%04x device=0x%04x "
267 			    "subvendor=0x%04x subdevice=0x%04x\n",
268 			    *p->pd_name ? p->pd_name :
269 			    "none",
270 			    *p->pd_name ? (int)p->pd_unit :
271 			    none_count++, p->pc_sel.pc_domain,
272 			    p->pc_sel.pc_bus, p->pc_sel.pc_dev,
273 			    p->pc_sel.pc_func, (p->pc_class << 16) |
274 			    (p->pc_subclass << 8) | p->pc_progif,
275 			    p->pc_revid, p->pc_hdr,
276 			    p->pc_vendor, p->pc_device,
277 			    p->pc_subvendor, p->pc_subdevice);
278 			if (verbose)
279 				list_verbose(p);
280 			if (bars)
281 				list_bars(fd, p);
282 			if (bridge)
283 				list_bridge(fd, p);
284 			if (caps)
285 				list_caps(fd, p);
286 			if (errors)
287 				list_errors(fd, p);
288 			if (vpd)
289 				list_vpd(fd, p);
290 		}
291 	} while (pc.status == PCI_GETCONF_MORE_DEVS);
292 
293 	close(fd);
294 }
295 
296 static void
297 print_bus_range(int fd, struct pci_conf *p, int secreg, int subreg)
298 {
299 	uint8_t secbus, subbus;
300 
301 	secbus = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, secreg, 1);
302 	subbus = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, subreg, 1);
303 	printf("    bus range  = %u-%u\n", secbus, subbus);
304 }
305 
306 static void
307 print_window(int reg, const char *type, int range, uint64_t base,
308     uint64_t limit)
309 {
310 
311 	printf("    window[%02x] = type %s, range %2d, addr %#jx-%#jx, %s\n",
312 	    reg, type, range, (uintmax_t)base, (uintmax_t)limit,
313 	    base < limit ? "enabled" : "disabled");
314 }
315 
316 static void
317 print_special_decode(bool isa, bool vga, bool subtractive)
318 {
319 	bool comma;
320 
321 	if (isa || vga || subtractive) {
322 		comma = false;
323 		printf("    decode     = ");
324 		if (isa) {
325 			printf("ISA");
326 			comma = true;
327 		}
328 		if (vga) {
329 			printf("%sVGA", comma ? ", " : "");
330 			comma = true;
331 		}
332 		if (subtractive)
333 			printf("%ssubtractive", comma ? ", " : "");
334 		printf("\n");
335 	}
336 }
337 
338 static void
339 print_bridge_windows(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
340 {
341 	uint64_t base, limit;
342 	uint32_t val;
343 	uint16_t bctl;
344 	bool subtractive;
345 	int range;
346 
347 	/*
348 	 * XXX: This assumes that a window with a base and limit of 0
349 	 * is not implemented.  In theory a window might be programmed
350 	 * at the smallest size with a base of 0, but those do not seem
351 	 * common in practice.
352 	 */
353 	val = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOBASEL_1, 1);
354 	if (val != 0 || read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOLIMITL_1, 1) != 0) {
355 		if ((val & PCIM_BRIO_MASK) == PCIM_BRIO_32) {
356 			base = PCI_PPBIOBASE(
357 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOBASEH_1, 2),
358 			    val);
359 			limit = PCI_PPBIOLIMIT(
360 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOLIMITH_1, 2),
361 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOLIMITL_1, 1));
362 			range = 32;
363 		} else {
364 			base = PCI_PPBIOBASE(0, val);
365 			limit = PCI_PPBIOLIMIT(0,
366 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOLIMITL_1, 1));
367 			range = 16;
368 		}
369 		print_window(PCIR_IOBASEL_1, "I/O Port", range, base, limit);
370 	}
371 
372 	base = PCI_PPBMEMBASE(0,
373 	    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_MEMBASE_1, 2));
374 	limit = PCI_PPBMEMLIMIT(0,
375 	    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_MEMLIMIT_1, 2));
376 	print_window(PCIR_MEMBASE_1, "Memory", 32, base, limit);
377 
378 	val = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMBASEL_1, 2);
379 	if (val != 0 || read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMLIMITL_1, 2) != 0) {
380 		if ((val & PCIM_BRPM_MASK) == PCIM_BRPM_64) {
381 			base = PCI_PPBMEMBASE(
382 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMBASEH_1, 4),
383 			    val);
384 			limit = PCI_PPBMEMLIMIT(
385 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMLIMITH_1, 4),
386 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMLIMITL_1, 2));
387 			range = 64;
388 		} else {
389 			base = PCI_PPBMEMBASE(0, val);
390 			limit = PCI_PPBMEMLIMIT(0,
391 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMLIMITL_1, 2));
392 			range = 32;
393 		}
394 		print_window(PCIR_PMBASEL_1, "Prefetchable Memory", range, base,
395 		    limit);
396 	}
397 
398 	/*
399 	 * XXX: This list of bridges that are subtractive but do not set
400 	 * progif to indicate it is copied from pci_pci.c.
401 	 */
402 	subtractive = p->pc_progif == PCIP_BRIDGE_PCI_SUBTRACTIVE;
403 	switch (p->pc_device << 16 | p->pc_vendor) {
404 	case 0xa002177d:		/* Cavium ThunderX */
405 	case 0x124b8086:		/* Intel 82380FB Mobile */
406 	case 0x060513d7:		/* Toshiba ???? */
407 		subtractive = true;
408 	}
409 	if (p->pc_vendor == 0x8086 && (p->pc_device & 0xff00) == 0x2400)
410 		subtractive = true;
411 
412 	bctl = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_BRIDGECTL_1, 2);
413 	print_special_decode(bctl & PCIB_BCR_ISA_ENABLE,
414 	    bctl & PCIB_BCR_VGA_ENABLE, subtractive);
415 }
416 
417 static void
418 print_cardbus_mem_window(int fd, struct pci_conf *p, int basereg, int limitreg,
419     bool prefetch)
420 {
421 
422 	print_window(basereg, prefetch ? "Prefetchable Memory" : "Memory", 32,
423 	    PCI_CBBMEMBASE(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, basereg, 4)),
424 	    PCI_CBBMEMLIMIT(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, limitreg, 4)));
425 }
426 
427 static void
428 print_cardbus_io_window(int fd, struct pci_conf *p, int basereg, int limitreg)
429 {
430 	uint32_t base, limit;
431 	uint32_t val;
432 	int range;
433 
434 	val = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, basereg, 2);
435 	if ((val & PCIM_CBBIO_MASK) == PCIM_CBBIO_32) {
436 		base = PCI_CBBIOBASE(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, basereg, 4));
437 		limit = PCI_CBBIOBASE(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, limitreg, 4));
438 		range = 32;
439 	} else {
440 		base = PCI_CBBIOBASE(val);
441 		limit = PCI_CBBIOBASE(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, limitreg, 2));
442 		range = 16;
443 	}
444 	print_window(basereg, "I/O Port", range, base, limit);
445 }
446 
447 static void
448 print_cardbus_windows(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
449 {
450 	uint16_t bctl;
451 
452 	bctl = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_BRIDGECTL_2, 2);
453 	print_cardbus_mem_window(fd, p, PCIR_MEMBASE0_2, PCIR_MEMLIMIT0_2,
454 	    bctl & CBB_BCR_PREFETCH_0_ENABLE);
455 	print_cardbus_mem_window(fd, p, PCIR_MEMBASE1_2, PCIR_MEMLIMIT1_2,
456 	    bctl & CBB_BCR_PREFETCH_1_ENABLE);
457 	print_cardbus_io_window(fd, p, PCIR_IOBASE0_2, PCIR_IOLIMIT0_2);
458 	print_cardbus_io_window(fd, p, PCIR_IOBASE1_2, PCIR_IOLIMIT1_2);
459 	print_special_decode(bctl & CBB_BCR_ISA_ENABLE,
460 	    bctl & CBB_BCR_VGA_ENABLE, false);
461 }
462 
463 static void
464 list_bridge(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
465 {
466 
467 	switch (p->pc_hdr & PCIM_HDRTYPE) {
468 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_BRIDGE:
469 		print_bus_range(fd, p, PCIR_SECBUS_1, PCIR_SUBBUS_1);
470 		print_bridge_windows(fd, p);
471 		break;
472 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_CARDBUS:
473 		print_bus_range(fd, p, PCIR_SECBUS_2, PCIR_SUBBUS_2);
474 		print_cardbus_windows(fd, p);
475 		break;
476 	}
477 }
478 
479 static void
480 list_bars(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
481 {
482 	int i, max;
483 
484 	switch (p->pc_hdr & PCIM_HDRTYPE) {
485 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_NORMAL:
486 		max = PCIR_MAX_BAR_0;
487 		break;
488 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_BRIDGE:
489 		max = PCIR_MAX_BAR_1;
490 		break;
491 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_CARDBUS:
492 		max = PCIR_MAX_BAR_2;
493 		break;
494 	default:
495 		return;
496 	}
497 
498 	for (i = 0; i <= max; i++)
499 		print_bar(fd, p, "bar   ", PCIR_BAR(i));
500 }
501 
502 void
503 print_bar(int fd, struct pci_conf *p, const char *label, uint16_t bar_offset)
504 {
505 	uint64_t base;
506 	const char *type;
507 	struct pci_bar_io bar;
508 	int range;
509 
510 	bar.pbi_sel = p->pc_sel;
511 	bar.pbi_reg = bar_offset;
512 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCGETBAR, &bar) < 0)
513 		return;
514 	if (PCI_BAR_IO(bar.pbi_base)) {
515 		type = "I/O Port";
516 		range = 32;
517 		base = bar.pbi_base & PCIM_BAR_IO_BASE;
518 	} else {
519 		if (bar.pbi_base & PCIM_BAR_MEM_PREFETCH)
520 			type = "Prefetchable Memory";
521 		else
522 			type = "Memory";
523 		switch (bar.pbi_base & PCIM_BAR_MEM_TYPE) {
524 		case PCIM_BAR_MEM_32:
525 			range = 32;
526 			break;
527 		case PCIM_BAR_MEM_1MB:
528 			range = 20;
529 			break;
530 		case PCIM_BAR_MEM_64:
531 			range = 64;
532 			break;
533 		default:
534 			range = -1;
535 		}
536 		base = bar.pbi_base & ~((uint64_t)0xf);
537 	}
538 	printf("    %s[%02x] = type %s, range %2d, base %#jx, ",
539 	    label, bar_offset, type, range, (uintmax_t)base);
540 	printf("size %ju, %s\n", (uintmax_t)bar.pbi_length,
541 	    bar.pbi_enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
542 }
543 
544 static void
545 list_verbose(struct pci_conf *p)
546 {
547 	struct pci_vendor_info	*vi;
548 	struct pci_device_info	*di;
549 	const char *dp;
550 
551 	TAILQ_FOREACH(vi, &pci_vendors, link) {
552 		if (vi->id == p->pc_vendor) {
553 			printf("    vendor     = '%s'\n", vi->desc);
554 			break;
555 		}
556 	}
557 	if (vi == NULL) {
558 		di = NULL;
559 	} else {
560 		TAILQ_FOREACH(di, &vi->devs, link) {
561 			if (di->id == p->pc_device) {
562 				printf("    device     = '%s'\n", di->desc);
563 				break;
564 			}
565 		}
566 	}
567 	if ((dp = guess_class(p)) != NULL)
568 		printf("    class      = %s\n", dp);
569 	if ((dp = guess_subclass(p)) != NULL)
570 		printf("    subclass   = %s\n", dp);
571 }
572 
573 static void
574 list_vpd(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
575 {
576 	struct pci_list_vpd_io list;
577 	struct pci_vpd_element *vpd, *end;
578 
579 	list.plvi_sel = p->pc_sel;
580 	list.plvi_len = 0;
581 	list.plvi_data = NULL;
582 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCLISTVPD, &list) < 0 || list.plvi_len == 0)
583 		return;
584 
585 	list.plvi_data = malloc(list.plvi_len);
586 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCLISTVPD, &list) < 0) {
587 		free(list.plvi_data);
588 		return;
589 	}
590 
591 	vpd = list.plvi_data;
592 	end = (struct pci_vpd_element *)((char *)vpd + list.plvi_len);
593 	for (; vpd < end; vpd = PVE_NEXT(vpd)) {
594 		if (vpd->pve_flags == PVE_FLAG_IDENT) {
595 			printf("    VPD ident  = '%.*s'\n",
596 			    (int)vpd->pve_datalen, vpd->pve_data);
597 			continue;
598 		}
599 
600 		/* Ignore the checksum keyword. */
601 		if (!(vpd->pve_flags & PVE_FLAG_RW) &&
602 		    memcmp(vpd->pve_keyword, "RV", 2) == 0)
603 			continue;
604 
605 		/* Ignore remaining read-write space. */
606 		if (vpd->pve_flags & PVE_FLAG_RW &&
607 		    memcmp(vpd->pve_keyword, "RW", 2) == 0)
608 			continue;
609 
610 		/* Handle extended capability keyword. */
611 		if (!(vpd->pve_flags & PVE_FLAG_RW) &&
612 		    memcmp(vpd->pve_keyword, "CP", 2) == 0) {
613 			printf("    VPD ro CP  = ID %02x in map 0x%x[0x%x]\n",
614 			    (unsigned int)vpd->pve_data[0],
615 			    PCIR_BAR((unsigned int)vpd->pve_data[1]),
616 			    (unsigned int)vpd->pve_data[3] << 8 |
617 			    (unsigned int)vpd->pve_data[2]);
618 			continue;
619 		}
620 
621 		/* Remaining keywords should all have ASCII values. */
622 		printf("    VPD %s %c%c  = '%.*s'\n",
623 		    vpd->pve_flags & PVE_FLAG_RW ? "rw" : "ro",
624 		    vpd->pve_keyword[0], vpd->pve_keyword[1],
625 		    (int)vpd->pve_datalen, vpd->pve_data);
626 	}
627 	free(list.plvi_data);
628 }
629 
630 /*
631  * This is a direct cut-and-paste from the table in sys/dev/pci/pci.c.
632  */
633 static struct
634 {
635 	int	class;
636 	int	subclass;
637 	const char *desc;
638 } pci_nomatch_tab[] = {
639 	{PCIC_OLD,		-1,			"old"},
640 	{PCIC_OLD,		PCIS_OLD_NONVGA,	"non-VGA display device"},
641 	{PCIC_OLD,		PCIS_OLD_VGA,		"VGA-compatible display device"},
642 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		-1,			"mass storage"},
643 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_SCSI,	"SCSI"},
644 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_IDE,	"ATA"},
645 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_FLOPPY,	"floppy disk"},
646 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_IPI,	"IPI"},
647 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_RAID,	"RAID"},
648 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_ATA_ADMA,	"ATA (ADMA)"},
649 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_SATA,	"SATA"},
650 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_SAS,	"SAS"},
651 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_NVM,	"NVM"},
652 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		-1,			"network"},
653 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ETHERNET,	"ethernet"},
654 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_TOKENRING,	"token ring"},
655 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_FDDI,	"fddi"},
656 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ATM,	"ATM"},
657 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ISDN,	"ISDN"},
658 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		-1,			"display"},
659 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_VGA,	"VGA"},
660 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_XGA,	"XGA"},
661 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_3D,	"3D"},
662 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	-1,			"multimedia"},
663 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_VIDEO,	"video"},
664 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_AUDIO,	"audio"},
665 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_TELE,	"telephony"},
666 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_HDA,	"HDA"},
667 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		-1,			"memory"},
668 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		PCIS_MEMORY_RAM,	"RAM"},
669 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		PCIS_MEMORY_FLASH,	"flash"},
670 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		-1,			"bridge"},
671 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_HOST,	"HOST-PCI"},
672 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_ISA,	"PCI-ISA"},
673 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_EISA,	"PCI-EISA"},
674 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_MCA,	"PCI-MCA"},
675 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_PCI,	"PCI-PCI"},
676 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_PCMCIA,	"PCI-PCMCIA"},
677 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_NUBUS,	"PCI-NuBus"},
678 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_CARDBUS,	"PCI-CardBus"},
679 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_RACEWAY,	"PCI-RACEway"},
680 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	-1,			"simple comms"},
681 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_UART,	"UART"},	/* could detect 16550 */
682 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_PAR,	"parallel port"},
683 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_MULSER,	"multiport serial"},
684 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_MODEM,	"generic modem"},
685 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	-1,			"base peripheral"},
686 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_PIC,	"interrupt controller"},
687 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_DMA,	"DMA controller"},
688 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_TIMER,	"timer"},
689 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_RTC,	"realtime clock"},
690 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_PCIHOT,	"PCI hot-plug controller"},
691 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_SDHC,	"SD host controller"},
692 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_IOMMU,	"IOMMU"},
693 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		-1,			"input device"},
694 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_KEYBOARD,	"keyboard"},
695 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_DIGITIZER,"digitizer"},
696 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_MOUSE,	"mouse"},
697 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_SCANNER,	"scanner"},
698 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_GAMEPORT,	"gameport"},
699 	{PCIC_DOCKING,		-1,			"docking station"},
700 	{PCIC_PROCESSOR,	-1,			"processor"},
701 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	-1,			"serial bus"},
702 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_FW,	"FireWire"},
703 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_ACCESS,	"AccessBus"},
704 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_SSA,	"SSA"},
705 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_USB,	"USB"},
706 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_FC,	"Fibre Channel"},
707 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_SMBUS,	"SMBus"},
708 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		-1,			"wireless controller"},
709 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_IRDA,	"iRDA"},
710 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_IR,	"IR"},
711 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_RF,	"RF"},
712 	{PCIC_INTELLIIO,	-1,			"intelligent I/O controller"},
713 	{PCIC_INTELLIIO,	PCIS_INTELLIIO_I2O,	"I2O"},
714 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		-1,			"satellite communication"},
715 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_TV,		"sat TV"},
716 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_AUDIO,	"sat audio"},
717 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_VOICE,	"sat voice"},
718 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_DATA,	"sat data"},
719 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		-1,			"encrypt/decrypt"},
720 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		PCIS_CRYPTO_NETCOMP,	"network/computer crypto"},
721 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		PCIS_CRYPTO_NETCOMP,	"entertainment crypto"},
722 	{PCIC_DASP,		-1,			"dasp"},
723 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_DPIO,		"DPIO module"},
724 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_PERFCNTRS,	"performance counters"},
725 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_COMM_SYNC,	"communication synchronizer"},
726 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_MGMT_CARD,	"signal processing management"},
727 	{PCIC_ACCEL,		-1,			"processing accelerators"},
728 	{PCIC_ACCEL,		PCIS_ACCEL_PROCESSING,	"processing accelerators"},
729 	{PCIC_INSTRUMENT,	-1,			"non-essential instrumentation"},
730 	{0, 0,		NULL}
731 };
732 
733 static const char *
734 guess_class(struct pci_conf *p)
735 {
736 	int	i;
737 
738 	for (i = 0; pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc != NULL; i++) {
739 		if (pci_nomatch_tab[i].class == p->pc_class)
740 			return(pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc);
741 	}
742 	return(NULL);
743 }
744 
745 static const char *
746 guess_subclass(struct pci_conf *p)
747 {
748 	int	i;
749 
750 	for (i = 0; pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc != NULL; i++) {
751 		if ((pci_nomatch_tab[i].class == p->pc_class) &&
752 		    (pci_nomatch_tab[i].subclass == p->pc_subclass))
753 			return(pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc);
754 	}
755 	return(NULL);
756 }
757 
758 static int
759 load_vendors(void)
760 {
761 	const char *dbf;
762 	FILE *db;
763 	struct pci_vendor_info *cv;
764 	struct pci_device_info *cd;
765 	char buf[1024], str[1024];
766 	char *ch;
767 	int id, error;
768 
769 	/*
770 	 * Locate the database and initialise.
771 	 */
772 	TAILQ_INIT(&pci_vendors);
773 	if ((dbf = getenv("PCICONF_VENDOR_DATABASE")) == NULL)
774 		dbf = _PATH_LPCIVDB;
775 	if ((db = fopen(dbf, "r")) == NULL) {
776 		dbf = _PATH_PCIVDB;
777 		if ((db = fopen(dbf, "r")) == NULL)
778 			return(1);
779 	}
780 	cv = NULL;
781 	cd = NULL;
782 	error = 0;
783 
784 	/*
785 	 * Scan input lines from the database
786 	 */
787 	for (;;) {
788 		if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), db) == NULL)
789 			break;
790 
791 		if ((ch = strchr(buf, '#')) != NULL)
792 			*ch = '\0';
793 		ch = strchr(buf, '\0') - 1;
794 		while (ch > buf && isspace(*ch))
795 			*ch-- = '\0';
796 		if (ch <= buf)
797 			continue;
798 
799 		/* Can't handle subvendor / subdevice entries yet */
800 		if (buf[0] == '\t' && buf[1] == '\t')
801 			continue;
802 
803 		/* Check for vendor entry */
804 		if (buf[0] != '\t' && sscanf(buf, "%04x %[^\n]", &id, str) == 2) {
805 			if ((id == 0) || (strlen(str) < 1))
806 				continue;
807 			if ((cv = malloc(sizeof(struct pci_vendor_info))) == NULL) {
808 				warn("allocating vendor entry");
809 				error = 1;
810 				break;
811 			}
812 			if ((cv->desc = strdup(str)) == NULL) {
813 				free(cv);
814 				warn("allocating vendor description");
815 				error = 1;
816 				break;
817 			}
818 			cv->id = id;
819 			TAILQ_INIT(&cv->devs);
820 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pci_vendors, cv, link);
821 			continue;
822 		}
823 
824 		/* Check for device entry */
825 		if (buf[0] == '\t' && sscanf(buf + 1, "%04x %[^\n]", &id, str) == 2) {
826 			if ((id == 0) || (strlen(str) < 1))
827 				continue;
828 			if (cv == NULL) {
829 				warnx("device entry with no vendor!");
830 				continue;
831 			}
832 			if ((cd = malloc(sizeof(struct pci_device_info))) == NULL) {
833 				warn("allocating device entry");
834 				error = 1;
835 				break;
836 			}
837 			if ((cd->desc = strdup(str)) == NULL) {
838 				free(cd);
839 				warn("allocating device description");
840 				error = 1;
841 				break;
842 			}
843 			cd->id = id;
844 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cv->devs, cd, link);
845 			continue;
846 		}
847 
848 		/* It's a comment or junk, ignore it */
849 	}
850 	if (ferror(db))
851 		error = 1;
852 	fclose(db);
853 
854 	return(error);
855 }
856 
857 uint32_t
858 read_config(int fd, struct pcisel *sel, long reg, int width)
859 {
860 	struct pci_io pi;
861 
862 	pi.pi_sel = *sel;
863 	pi.pi_reg = reg;
864 	pi.pi_width = width;
865 
866 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCREAD, &pi) < 0)
867 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCREAD)");
868 
869 	return (pi.pi_data);
870 }
871 
872 static struct pcisel
873 getdevice(const char *name)
874 {
875 	struct pci_conf_io pc;
876 	struct pci_conf conf[1];
877 	struct pci_match_conf patterns[1];
878 	char *cp;
879 	int fd;
880 
881 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDONLY, 0);
882 	if (fd < 0)
883 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
884 
885 	bzero(&pc, sizeof(struct pci_conf_io));
886 	pc.match_buf_len = sizeof(conf);
887 	pc.matches = conf;
888 
889 	bzero(&patterns, sizeof(patterns));
890 
891 	/*
892 	 * The pattern structure requires the unit to be split out from
893 	 * the driver name.  Walk backwards from the end of the name to
894 	 * find the start of the unit.
895 	 */
896 	if (name[0] == '\0')
897 		errx(1, "Empty device name");
898 	cp = strchr(name, '\0');
899 	assert(cp != NULL && cp != name);
900 	cp--;
901 	while (cp != name && isdigit(cp[-1]))
902 		cp--;
903 	if (cp == name || !isdigit(*cp))
904 		errx(1, "Invalid device name");
905 	if ((size_t)(cp - name) + 1 > sizeof(patterns[0].pd_name))
906 		errx(1, "Device name is too long");
907 	memcpy(patterns[0].pd_name, name, cp - name);
908 	patterns[0].pd_unit = strtol(cp, &cp, 10);
909 	if (*cp != '\0')
910 		errx(1, "Invalid device name");
911 	patterns[0].flags = PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_NAME | PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_UNIT;
912 	pc.num_patterns = 1;
913 	pc.pat_buf_len = sizeof(patterns);
914 	pc.patterns = patterns;
915 
916 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCGETCONF, &pc) == -1)
917 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCGETCONF)");
918 	if (pc.status != PCI_GETCONF_LAST_DEVICE &&
919 	    pc.status != PCI_GETCONF_MORE_DEVS)
920 		errx(1, "error returned from PCIOCGETCONF ioctl");
921 	close(fd);
922 	if (pc.num_matches == 0)
923 		errx(1, "Device not found");
924 	return (conf[0].pc_sel);
925 }
926 
927 static struct pcisel
928 parsesel(const char *str)
929 {
930 	const char *ep;
931 	char *eppos;
932 	struct pcisel sel;
933 	unsigned long selarr[4];
934 	int i;
935 
936 	ep = strchr(str, '@');
937 	if (ep != NULL)
938 		ep++;
939 	else
940 		ep = str;
941 
942 	if (strncmp(ep, "pci", 3) == 0) {
943 		ep += 3;
944 		i = 0;
945 		while (isdigit(*ep) && i < 4) {
946 			selarr[i++] = strtoul(ep, &eppos, 10);
947 			ep = eppos;
948 			if (*ep == ':')
949 				ep++;
950 		}
951 		if (i > 0 && *ep == '\0') {
952 			sel.pc_func = (i > 2) ? selarr[--i] : 0;
953 			sel.pc_dev = (i > 0) ? selarr[--i] : 0;
954 			sel.pc_bus = (i > 0) ? selarr[--i] : 0;
955 			sel.pc_domain = (i > 0) ? selarr[--i] : 0;
956 			return (sel);
957 		}
958 	}
959 	errx(1, "cannot parse selector %s", str);
960 }
961 
962 static struct pcisel
963 getsel(const char *str)
964 {
965 
966 	/*
967 	 * No device names contain colons and selectors always contain
968 	 * at least one colon.
969 	 */
970 	if (strchr(str, ':') == NULL)
971 		return (getdevice(str));
972 	else
973 		return (parsesel(str));
974 }
975 
976 static void
977 readone(int fd, struct pcisel *sel, long reg, int width)
978 {
979 
980 	printf("%0*x", width*2, read_config(fd, sel, reg, width));
981 }
982 
983 static void
984 readit(const char *name, const char *reg, int width)
985 {
986 	long rstart;
987 	long rend;
988 	long r;
989 	char *end;
990 	int i;
991 	int fd;
992 	struct pcisel sel;
993 
994 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
995 	if (fd < 0)
996 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
997 
998 	rend = rstart = strtol(reg, &end, 0);
999 	if (end && *end == ':') {
1000 		end++;
1001 		rend = strtol(end, (char **) 0, 0);
1002 	}
1003 	sel = getsel(name);
1004 	for (i = 1, r = rstart; r <= rend; i++, r += width) {
1005 		readone(fd, &sel, r, width);
1006 		if (i && !(i % 8))
1007 			putchar(' ');
1008 		putchar(i % (16/width) ? ' ' : '\n');
1009 	}
1010 	if (i % (16/width) != 1)
1011 		putchar('\n');
1012 	close(fd);
1013 }
1014 
1015 static void
1016 writeit(const char *name, const char *reg, const char *data, int width)
1017 {
1018 	int fd;
1019 	struct pci_io pi;
1020 
1021 	pi.pi_sel = getsel(name);
1022 	pi.pi_reg = strtoul(reg, (char **)0, 0); /* XXX error check */
1023 	pi.pi_width = width;
1024 	pi.pi_data = strtoul(data, (char **)0, 0); /* XXX error check */
1025 
1026 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
1027 	if (fd < 0)
1028 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
1029 
1030 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCWRITE, &pi) < 0)
1031 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCWRITE)");
1032 	close(fd);
1033 }
1034 
1035 static void
1036 chkattached(const char *name)
1037 {
1038 	int fd;
1039 	struct pci_io pi;
1040 
1041 	pi.pi_sel = getsel(name);
1042 
1043 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
1044 	if (fd < 0)
1045 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
1046 
1047 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCATTACHED, &pi) < 0)
1048 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCATTACHED)");
1049 
1050 	exitstatus = pi.pi_data ? 0 : 2; /* exit(2), if NOT attached */
1051 	printf("%s: %s%s\n", name, pi.pi_data == 0 ? "not " : "", "attached");
1052 	close(fd);
1053 }
1054 
1055 static void
1056 dump_bar(const char *name, const char *reg, const char *bar_start,
1057     const char *bar_count, int width, int verbose)
1058 {
1059 	struct pci_bar_mmap pbm;
1060 	uint32_t *dd;
1061 	uint16_t *dh;
1062 	uint8_t *db;
1063 	uint64_t *dx, a, start, count;
1064 	char *el;
1065 	size_t res;
1066 	int fd;
1067 
1068 	start = 0;
1069 	if (bar_start != NULL) {
1070 		start = strtoul(bar_start, &el, 0);
1071 		if (*el != '\0')
1072 			errx(1, "Invalid bar start specification %s",
1073 			    bar_start);
1074 	}
1075 	count = 0;
1076 	if (bar_count != NULL) {
1077 		count = strtoul(bar_count, &el, 0);
1078 		if (*el != '\0')
1079 			errx(1, "Invalid count specification %s",
1080 			    bar_count);
1081 	}
1082 
1083 	pbm.pbm_sel = getsel(name);
1084 	pbm.pbm_reg = strtoul(reg, &el, 0);
1085 	if (*reg == '\0' || *el != '\0')
1086 		errx(1, "Invalid bar specification %s", reg);
1087 	pbm.pbm_flags = 0;
1088 	pbm.pbm_memattr = VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE; /* XXX */
1089 
1090 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
1091 	if (fd < 0)
1092 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
1093 
1094 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCBARMMAP, &pbm) < 0)
1095 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCBARMMAP)");
1096 
1097 	if (count == 0)
1098 		count = pbm.pbm_bar_length / width;
1099 	if (start + count < start || (start + count) * width < (uint64_t)width)
1100 		errx(1, "(start + count) x width overflow");
1101 	if ((start + count) * width > pbm.pbm_bar_length) {
1102 		if (start * width > pbm.pbm_bar_length)
1103 			count = 0;
1104 		else
1105 			count = (pbm.pbm_bar_length - start * width) / width;
1106 	}
1107 	if (verbose) {
1108 		fprintf(stderr,
1109 		    "Dumping pci%d:%d:%d:%d BAR %x mapped base %p "
1110 		    "off %#x length %#jx from %#jx count %#jx in %d-bytes\n",
1111 		    pbm.pbm_sel.pc_domain, pbm.pbm_sel.pc_bus,
1112 		    pbm.pbm_sel.pc_dev, pbm.pbm_sel.pc_func,
1113 		    pbm.pbm_reg, pbm.pbm_map_base, pbm.pbm_bar_off,
1114 		    pbm.pbm_bar_length, start, count, width);
1115 	}
1116 	switch (width) {
1117 	case 1:
1118 		db = (uint8_t *)(uintptr_t)((uintptr_t)pbm.pbm_map_base +
1119 		    pbm.pbm_bar_off + start * width);
1120 		for (a = 0; a < count; a += width, db++) {
1121 			res = fwrite(db, width, 1, stdout);
1122 			if (res != 1) {
1123 				errx(1, "error writing to stdout");
1124 				break;
1125 			}
1126 		}
1127 		break;
1128 	case 2:
1129 		dh = (uint16_t *)(uintptr_t)((uintptr_t)pbm.pbm_map_base +
1130 		    pbm.pbm_bar_off + start * width);
1131 		for (a = 0; a < count; a += width, dh++) {
1132 			res = fwrite(dh, width, 1, stdout);
1133 			if (res != 1) {
1134 				errx(1, "error writing to stdout");
1135 				break;
1136 			}
1137 		}
1138 		break;
1139 	case 4:
1140 		dd = (uint32_t *)(uintptr_t)((uintptr_t)pbm.pbm_map_base +
1141 		    pbm.pbm_bar_off + start * width);
1142 		for (a = 0; a < count; a += width, dd++) {
1143 			res = fwrite(dd, width, 1, stdout);
1144 			if (res != 1) {
1145 				errx(1, "error writing to stdout");
1146 				break;
1147 			}
1148 		}
1149 		break;
1150 	case 8:
1151 		dx = (uint64_t *)(uintptr_t)((uintptr_t)pbm.pbm_map_base +
1152 		    pbm.pbm_bar_off + start * width);
1153 		for (a = 0; a < count; a += width, dx++) {
1154 			res = fwrite(dx, width, 1, stdout);
1155 			if (res != 1) {
1156 				errx(1, "error writing to stdout");
1157 				break;
1158 			}
1159 		}
1160 		break;
1161 	default:
1162 		errx(1, "invalid access width");
1163 	}
1164 
1165 	munmap((void *)pbm.pbm_map_base, pbm.pbm_map_length);
1166 	close(fd);
1167 }
1168