xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pciconf/pciconf.c (revision 13ea0450a9c8742119d36f3bf8f47accdce46e54)
1 /*
2  * Copyright 1996 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3  *
4  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
5  * its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
6  * granted, provided that both the above copyright notice and this
7  * permission notice appear in all copies, that both the above
8  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
9  * supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used
10  * in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
11  * software without specific, written prior permission.  M.I.T. makes
12  * no representations about the suitability of this software for any
13  * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied
14  * warranty.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''.  M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
17  * ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
18  * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
20  * SHALL M.I.T. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
21  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
23  * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
24  * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
25  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
26  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char rcsid[] =
32   "$FreeBSD$";
33 #endif /* not lint */
34 
35 #include <sys/types.h>
36 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
37 #include <sys/mman.h>
38 #include <sys/pciio.h>
39 #include <sys/queue.h>
40 
41 #include <vm/vm.h>
42 
43 #include <dev/pci/pcireg.h>
44 
45 #include <assert.h>
46 #include <ctype.h>
47 #include <err.h>
48 #include <inttypes.h>
49 #include <stdbool.h>
50 #include <stdlib.h>
51 #include <stdio.h>
52 #include <string.h>
53 #include <unistd.h>
54 
55 #include "pathnames.h"
56 #include "pciconf.h"
57 
58 struct pci_device_info
59 {
60     TAILQ_ENTRY(pci_device_info)	link;
61     int					id;
62     char				*desc;
63 };
64 
65 struct pci_vendor_info
66 {
67     TAILQ_ENTRY(pci_vendor_info)	link;
68     TAILQ_HEAD(,pci_device_info)	devs;
69     int					id;
70     char				*desc;
71 };
72 
73 static TAILQ_HEAD(,pci_vendor_info)	pci_vendors;
74 
75 static struct pcisel getsel(const char *str);
76 static void list_bridge(int fd, struct pci_conf *p);
77 static void list_bars(int fd, struct pci_conf *p);
78 static void list_devs(const char *name, int verbose, int bars, int bridge,
79     int caps, int errors, int vpd);
80 static void list_verbose(struct pci_conf *p);
81 static void list_vpd(int fd, struct pci_conf *p);
82 static const char *guess_class(struct pci_conf *p);
83 static const char *guess_subclass(struct pci_conf *p);
84 static int load_vendors(void);
85 static void readit(const char *, const char *, int);
86 static void writeit(const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
87 static void chkattached(const char *);
88 static void dump_bar(const char *name, const char *reg, const char *bar_start,
89     const char *bar_count, int width, int verbose);
90 
91 static int exitstatus = 0;
92 
93 static void
94 usage(void)
95 {
96 
97 	fprintf(stderr, "%s",
98 		"usage: pciconf -l [-BbcevV] [device]\n"
99 		"       pciconf -a device\n"
100 		"       pciconf -r [-b | -h] device addr[:addr2]\n"
101 		"       pciconf -w [-b | -h] device addr value\n"
102 		"       pciconf -D [-b | -h | -x] device bar [start [count]]"
103 		"\n");
104 	exit(1);
105 }
106 
107 int
108 main(int argc, char **argv)
109 {
110 	int c, width;
111 	int listmode, readmode, writemode, attachedmode, dumpbarmode;
112 	int bars, bridge, caps, errors, verbose, vpd;
113 
114 	listmode = readmode = writemode = attachedmode = dumpbarmode = 0;
115 	bars = bridge = caps = errors = verbose = vpd= 0;
116 	width = 4;
117 
118 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "aBbcDehlrwVv")) != -1) {
119 		switch(c) {
120 		case 'a':
121 			attachedmode = 1;
122 			break;
123 
124 		case 'B':
125 			bridge = 1;
126 			break;
127 
128 		case 'b':
129 			bars = 1;
130 			width = 1;
131 			break;
132 
133 		case 'c':
134 			caps = 1;
135 			break;
136 
137 		case 'D':
138 			dumpbarmode = 1;
139 			break;
140 
141 		case 'e':
142 			errors = 1;
143 			break;
144 
145 		case 'h':
146 			width = 2;
147 			break;
148 
149 		case 'l':
150 			listmode = 1;
151 			break;
152 
153 		case 'r':
154 			readmode = 1;
155 			break;
156 
157 		case 'w':
158 			writemode = 1;
159 			break;
160 
161 		case 'v':
162 			verbose = 1;
163 			break;
164 
165 		case 'V':
166 			vpd = 1;
167 			break;
168 
169 		case 'x':
170 			width = 8;
171 			break;
172 
173 		default:
174 			usage();
175 		}
176 	}
177 
178 	if ((listmode && optind >= argc + 1)
179 	    || (writemode && optind + 3 != argc)
180 	    || (readmode && optind + 2 != argc)
181 	    || (attachedmode && optind + 1 != argc)
182 	    || (dumpbarmode && (optind + 2 > argc || optind + 4 < argc))
183 	    || (width == 8 && !dumpbarmode))
184 		usage();
185 
186 	if (listmode) {
187 		list_devs(optind + 1 == argc ? argv[optind] : NULL, verbose,
188 		    bars, bridge, caps, errors, vpd);
189 	} else if (attachedmode) {
190 		chkattached(argv[optind]);
191 	} else if (readmode) {
192 		readit(argv[optind], argv[optind + 1], width);
193 	} else if (writemode) {
194 		writeit(argv[optind], argv[optind + 1], argv[optind + 2],
195 		    width);
196 	} else if (dumpbarmode) {
197 		dump_bar(argv[optind], argv[optind + 1],
198 		    optind + 2 < argc ? argv[optind + 2] : NULL,
199 		    optind + 3 < argc ? argv[optind + 3] : NULL,
200 		    width, verbose);
201 	} else {
202 		usage();
203 	}
204 
205 	return (exitstatus);
206 }
207 
208 static void
209 list_devs(const char *name, int verbose, int bars, int bridge, int caps,
210     int errors, int vpd)
211 {
212 	int fd;
213 	struct pci_conf_io pc;
214 	struct pci_conf conf[255], *p;
215 	struct pci_match_conf patterns[1];
216 	int none_count = 0;
217 
218 	if (verbose)
219 		load_vendors();
220 
221 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, (bridge || caps || errors) ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY,
222 	    0);
223 	if (fd < 0)
224 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
225 
226 	bzero(&pc, sizeof(struct pci_conf_io));
227 	pc.match_buf_len = sizeof(conf);
228 	pc.matches = conf;
229 	if (name != NULL) {
230 		bzero(&patterns, sizeof(patterns));
231 		patterns[0].pc_sel = getsel(name);
232 		patterns[0].flags = PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_DOMAIN |
233 		    PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_BUS | PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_DEV |
234 		    PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_FUNC;
235 		pc.num_patterns = 1;
236 		pc.pat_buf_len = sizeof(patterns);
237 		pc.patterns = patterns;
238 	}
239 
240 	do {
241 		if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCGETCONF, &pc) == -1)
242 			err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCGETCONF)");
243 
244 		/*
245 		 * 255 entries should be more than enough for most people,
246 		 * but if someone has more devices, and then changes things
247 		 * around between ioctls, we'll do the cheesy thing and
248 		 * just bail.  The alternative would be to go back to the
249 		 * beginning of the list, and print things twice, which may
250 		 * not be desirable.
251 		 */
252 		if (pc.status == PCI_GETCONF_LIST_CHANGED) {
253 			warnx("PCI device list changed, please try again");
254 			exitstatus = 1;
255 			close(fd);
256 			return;
257 		} else if (pc.status ==  PCI_GETCONF_ERROR) {
258 			warnx("error returned from PCIOCGETCONF ioctl");
259 			exitstatus = 1;
260 			close(fd);
261 			return;
262 		}
263 		for (p = conf; p < &conf[pc.num_matches]; p++) {
264 			printf("%s%d@pci%d:%d:%d:%d:\tclass=0x%06x card=0x%08x "
265 			    "chip=0x%08x rev=0x%02x hdr=0x%02x\n",
266 			    *p->pd_name ? p->pd_name :
267 			    "none",
268 			    *p->pd_name ? (int)p->pd_unit :
269 			    none_count++, p->pc_sel.pc_domain,
270 			    p->pc_sel.pc_bus, p->pc_sel.pc_dev,
271 			    p->pc_sel.pc_func, (p->pc_class << 16) |
272 			    (p->pc_subclass << 8) | p->pc_progif,
273 			    (p->pc_subdevice << 16) | p->pc_subvendor,
274 			    (p->pc_device << 16) | p->pc_vendor,
275 			    p->pc_revid, p->pc_hdr);
276 			if (verbose)
277 				list_verbose(p);
278 			if (bars)
279 				list_bars(fd, p);
280 			if (bridge)
281 				list_bridge(fd, p);
282 			if (caps)
283 				list_caps(fd, p);
284 			if (errors)
285 				list_errors(fd, p);
286 			if (vpd)
287 				list_vpd(fd, p);
288 		}
289 	} while (pc.status == PCI_GETCONF_MORE_DEVS);
290 
291 	close(fd);
292 }
293 
294 static void
295 print_bus_range(int fd, struct pci_conf *p, int secreg, int subreg)
296 {
297 	uint8_t secbus, subbus;
298 
299 	secbus = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, secreg, 1);
300 	subbus = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, subreg, 1);
301 	printf("    bus range  = %u-%u\n", secbus, subbus);
302 }
303 
304 static void
305 print_window(int reg, const char *type, int range, uint64_t base,
306     uint64_t limit)
307 {
308 
309 	printf("    window[%02x] = type %s, range %2d, addr %#jx-%#jx, %s\n",
310 	    reg, type, range, (uintmax_t)base, (uintmax_t)limit,
311 	    base < limit ? "enabled" : "disabled");
312 }
313 
314 static void
315 print_special_decode(bool isa, bool vga, bool subtractive)
316 {
317 	bool comma;
318 
319 	if (isa || vga || subtractive) {
320 		comma = false;
321 		printf("    decode     = ");
322 		if (isa) {
323 			printf("ISA");
324 			comma = true;
325 		}
326 		if (vga) {
327 			printf("%sVGA", comma ? ", " : "");
328 			comma = true;
329 		}
330 		if (subtractive)
331 			printf("%ssubtractive", comma ? ", " : "");
332 		printf("\n");
333 	}
334 }
335 
336 static void
337 print_bridge_windows(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
338 {
339 	uint64_t base, limit;
340 	uint32_t val;
341 	uint16_t bctl;
342 	bool subtractive;
343 	int range;
344 
345 	/*
346 	 * XXX: This assumes that a window with a base and limit of 0
347 	 * is not implemented.  In theory a window might be programmed
348 	 * at the smallest size with a base of 0, but those do not seem
349 	 * common in practice.
350 	 */
351 	val = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOBASEL_1, 1);
352 	if (val != 0 || read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOLIMITL_1, 1) != 0) {
353 		if ((val & PCIM_BRIO_MASK) == PCIM_BRIO_32) {
354 			base = PCI_PPBIOBASE(
355 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOBASEH_1, 2),
356 			    val);
357 			limit = PCI_PPBIOLIMIT(
358 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOLIMITH_1, 2),
359 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOLIMITL_1, 1));
360 			range = 32;
361 		} else {
362 			base = PCI_PPBIOBASE(0, val);
363 			limit = PCI_PPBIOLIMIT(0,
364 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_IOLIMITL_1, 1));
365 			range = 16;
366 		}
367 		print_window(PCIR_IOBASEL_1, "I/O Port", range, base, limit);
368 	}
369 
370 	base = PCI_PPBMEMBASE(0,
371 	    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_MEMBASE_1, 2));
372 	limit = PCI_PPBMEMLIMIT(0,
373 	    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_MEMLIMIT_1, 2));
374 	print_window(PCIR_MEMBASE_1, "Memory", 32, base, limit);
375 
376 	val = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMBASEL_1, 2);
377 	if (val != 0 || read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMLIMITL_1, 2) != 0) {
378 		if ((val & PCIM_BRPM_MASK) == PCIM_BRPM_64) {
379 			base = PCI_PPBMEMBASE(
380 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMBASEH_1, 4),
381 			    val);
382 			limit = PCI_PPBMEMLIMIT(
383 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMLIMITH_1, 4),
384 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMLIMITL_1, 2));
385 			range = 64;
386 		} else {
387 			base = PCI_PPBMEMBASE(0, val);
388 			limit = PCI_PPBMEMLIMIT(0,
389 			    read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_PMLIMITL_1, 2));
390 			range = 32;
391 		}
392 		print_window(PCIR_PMBASEL_1, "Prefetchable Memory", range, base,
393 		    limit);
394 	}
395 
396 	/*
397 	 * XXX: This list of bridges that are subtractive but do not set
398 	 * progif to indicate it is copied from pci_pci.c.
399 	 */
400 	subtractive = p->pc_progif == PCIP_BRIDGE_PCI_SUBTRACTIVE;
401 	switch (p->pc_device << 16 | p->pc_vendor) {
402 	case 0xa002177d:		/* Cavium ThunderX */
403 	case 0x124b8086:		/* Intel 82380FB Mobile */
404 	case 0x060513d7:		/* Toshiba ???? */
405 		subtractive = true;
406 	}
407 	if (p->pc_vendor == 0x8086 && (p->pc_device & 0xff00) == 0x2400)
408 		subtractive = true;
409 
410 	bctl = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_BRIDGECTL_1, 2);
411 	print_special_decode(bctl & PCIB_BCR_ISA_ENABLE,
412 	    bctl & PCIB_BCR_VGA_ENABLE, subtractive);
413 }
414 
415 static void
416 print_cardbus_mem_window(int fd, struct pci_conf *p, int basereg, int limitreg,
417     bool prefetch)
418 {
419 
420 	print_window(basereg, prefetch ? "Prefetchable Memory" : "Memory", 32,
421 	    PCI_CBBMEMBASE(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, basereg, 4)),
422 	    PCI_CBBMEMLIMIT(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, limitreg, 4)));
423 }
424 
425 static void
426 print_cardbus_io_window(int fd, struct pci_conf *p, int basereg, int limitreg)
427 {
428 	uint32_t base, limit;
429 	uint32_t val;
430 	int range;
431 
432 	val = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, basereg, 2);
433 	if ((val & PCIM_CBBIO_MASK) == PCIM_CBBIO_32) {
434 		base = PCI_CBBIOBASE(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, basereg, 4));
435 		limit = PCI_CBBIOBASE(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, limitreg, 4));
436 		range = 32;
437 	} else {
438 		base = PCI_CBBIOBASE(val);
439 		limit = PCI_CBBIOBASE(read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, limitreg, 2));
440 		range = 16;
441 	}
442 	print_window(basereg, "I/O Port", range, base, limit);
443 }
444 
445 static void
446 print_cardbus_windows(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
447 {
448 	uint16_t bctl;
449 
450 	bctl = read_config(fd, &p->pc_sel, PCIR_BRIDGECTL_2, 2);
451 	print_cardbus_mem_window(fd, p, PCIR_MEMBASE0_2, PCIR_MEMLIMIT0_2,
452 	    bctl & CBB_BCR_PREFETCH_0_ENABLE);
453 	print_cardbus_mem_window(fd, p, PCIR_MEMBASE1_2, PCIR_MEMLIMIT1_2,
454 	    bctl & CBB_BCR_PREFETCH_1_ENABLE);
455 	print_cardbus_io_window(fd, p, PCIR_IOBASE0_2, PCIR_IOLIMIT0_2);
456 	print_cardbus_io_window(fd, p, PCIR_IOBASE1_2, PCIR_IOLIMIT1_2);
457 	print_special_decode(bctl & CBB_BCR_ISA_ENABLE,
458 	    bctl & CBB_BCR_VGA_ENABLE, false);
459 }
460 
461 static void
462 list_bridge(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
463 {
464 
465 	switch (p->pc_hdr & PCIM_HDRTYPE) {
466 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_BRIDGE:
467 		print_bus_range(fd, p, PCIR_SECBUS_1, PCIR_SUBBUS_1);
468 		print_bridge_windows(fd, p);
469 		break;
470 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_CARDBUS:
471 		print_bus_range(fd, p, PCIR_SECBUS_2, PCIR_SUBBUS_2);
472 		print_cardbus_windows(fd, p);
473 		break;
474 	}
475 }
476 
477 static void
478 list_bars(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
479 {
480 	int i, max;
481 
482 	switch (p->pc_hdr & PCIM_HDRTYPE) {
483 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_NORMAL:
484 		max = PCIR_MAX_BAR_0;
485 		break;
486 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_BRIDGE:
487 		max = PCIR_MAX_BAR_1;
488 		break;
489 	case PCIM_HDRTYPE_CARDBUS:
490 		max = PCIR_MAX_BAR_2;
491 		break;
492 	default:
493 		return;
494 	}
495 
496 	for (i = 0; i <= max; i++)
497 		print_bar(fd, p, "bar   ", PCIR_BAR(i));
498 }
499 
500 void
501 print_bar(int fd, struct pci_conf *p, const char *label, uint16_t bar_offset)
502 {
503 	uint64_t base;
504 	const char *type;
505 	struct pci_bar_io bar;
506 	int range;
507 
508 	bar.pbi_sel = p->pc_sel;
509 	bar.pbi_reg = bar_offset;
510 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCGETBAR, &bar) < 0)
511 		return;
512 	if (PCI_BAR_IO(bar.pbi_base)) {
513 		type = "I/O Port";
514 		range = 32;
515 		base = bar.pbi_base & PCIM_BAR_IO_BASE;
516 	} else {
517 		if (bar.pbi_base & PCIM_BAR_MEM_PREFETCH)
518 			type = "Prefetchable Memory";
519 		else
520 			type = "Memory";
521 		switch (bar.pbi_base & PCIM_BAR_MEM_TYPE) {
522 		case PCIM_BAR_MEM_32:
523 			range = 32;
524 			break;
525 		case PCIM_BAR_MEM_1MB:
526 			range = 20;
527 			break;
528 		case PCIM_BAR_MEM_64:
529 			range = 64;
530 			break;
531 		default:
532 			range = -1;
533 		}
534 		base = bar.pbi_base & ~((uint64_t)0xf);
535 	}
536 	printf("    %s[%02x] = type %s, range %2d, base %#jx, ",
537 	    label, bar_offset, type, range, (uintmax_t)base);
538 	printf("size %ju, %s\n", (uintmax_t)bar.pbi_length,
539 	    bar.pbi_enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
540 }
541 
542 static void
543 list_verbose(struct pci_conf *p)
544 {
545 	struct pci_vendor_info	*vi;
546 	struct pci_device_info	*di;
547 	const char *dp;
548 
549 	TAILQ_FOREACH(vi, &pci_vendors, link) {
550 		if (vi->id == p->pc_vendor) {
551 			printf("    vendor     = '%s'\n", vi->desc);
552 			break;
553 		}
554 	}
555 	if (vi == NULL) {
556 		di = NULL;
557 	} else {
558 		TAILQ_FOREACH(di, &vi->devs, link) {
559 			if (di->id == p->pc_device) {
560 				printf("    device     = '%s'\n", di->desc);
561 				break;
562 			}
563 		}
564 	}
565 	if ((dp = guess_class(p)) != NULL)
566 		printf("    class      = %s\n", dp);
567 	if ((dp = guess_subclass(p)) != NULL)
568 		printf("    subclass   = %s\n", dp);
569 }
570 
571 static void
572 list_vpd(int fd, struct pci_conf *p)
573 {
574 	struct pci_list_vpd_io list;
575 	struct pci_vpd_element *vpd, *end;
576 
577 	list.plvi_sel = p->pc_sel;
578 	list.plvi_len = 0;
579 	list.plvi_data = NULL;
580 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCLISTVPD, &list) < 0 || list.plvi_len == 0)
581 		return;
582 
583 	list.plvi_data = malloc(list.plvi_len);
584 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCLISTVPD, &list) < 0) {
585 		free(list.plvi_data);
586 		return;
587 	}
588 
589 	vpd = list.plvi_data;
590 	end = (struct pci_vpd_element *)((char *)vpd + list.plvi_len);
591 	for (; vpd < end; vpd = PVE_NEXT(vpd)) {
592 		if (vpd->pve_flags == PVE_FLAG_IDENT) {
593 			printf("    VPD ident  = '%.*s'\n",
594 			    (int)vpd->pve_datalen, vpd->pve_data);
595 			continue;
596 		}
597 
598 		/* Ignore the checksum keyword. */
599 		if (!(vpd->pve_flags & PVE_FLAG_RW) &&
600 		    memcmp(vpd->pve_keyword, "RV", 2) == 0)
601 			continue;
602 
603 		/* Ignore remaining read-write space. */
604 		if (vpd->pve_flags & PVE_FLAG_RW &&
605 		    memcmp(vpd->pve_keyword, "RW", 2) == 0)
606 			continue;
607 
608 		/* Handle extended capability keyword. */
609 		if (!(vpd->pve_flags & PVE_FLAG_RW) &&
610 		    memcmp(vpd->pve_keyword, "CP", 2) == 0) {
611 			printf("    VPD ro CP  = ID %02x in map 0x%x[0x%x]\n",
612 			    (unsigned int)vpd->pve_data[0],
613 			    PCIR_BAR((unsigned int)vpd->pve_data[1]),
614 			    (unsigned int)vpd->pve_data[3] << 8 |
615 			    (unsigned int)vpd->pve_data[2]);
616 			continue;
617 		}
618 
619 		/* Remaining keywords should all have ASCII values. */
620 		printf("    VPD %s %c%c  = '%.*s'\n",
621 		    vpd->pve_flags & PVE_FLAG_RW ? "rw" : "ro",
622 		    vpd->pve_keyword[0], vpd->pve_keyword[1],
623 		    (int)vpd->pve_datalen, vpd->pve_data);
624 	}
625 	free(list.plvi_data);
626 }
627 
628 /*
629  * This is a direct cut-and-paste from the table in sys/dev/pci/pci.c.
630  */
631 static struct
632 {
633 	int	class;
634 	int	subclass;
635 	const char *desc;
636 } pci_nomatch_tab[] = {
637 	{PCIC_OLD,		-1,			"old"},
638 	{PCIC_OLD,		PCIS_OLD_NONVGA,	"non-VGA display device"},
639 	{PCIC_OLD,		PCIS_OLD_VGA,		"VGA-compatible display device"},
640 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		-1,			"mass storage"},
641 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_SCSI,	"SCSI"},
642 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_IDE,	"ATA"},
643 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_FLOPPY,	"floppy disk"},
644 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_IPI,	"IPI"},
645 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_RAID,	"RAID"},
646 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_ATA_ADMA,	"ATA (ADMA)"},
647 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_SATA,	"SATA"},
648 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_SAS,	"SAS"},
649 	{PCIC_STORAGE,		PCIS_STORAGE_NVM,	"NVM"},
650 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		-1,			"network"},
651 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ETHERNET,	"ethernet"},
652 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_TOKENRING,	"token ring"},
653 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_FDDI,	"fddi"},
654 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ATM,	"ATM"},
655 	{PCIC_NETWORK,		PCIS_NETWORK_ISDN,	"ISDN"},
656 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		-1,			"display"},
657 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_VGA,	"VGA"},
658 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_XGA,	"XGA"},
659 	{PCIC_DISPLAY,		PCIS_DISPLAY_3D,	"3D"},
660 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	-1,			"multimedia"},
661 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_VIDEO,	"video"},
662 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_AUDIO,	"audio"},
663 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_TELE,	"telephony"},
664 	{PCIC_MULTIMEDIA,	PCIS_MULTIMEDIA_HDA,	"HDA"},
665 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		-1,			"memory"},
666 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		PCIS_MEMORY_RAM,	"RAM"},
667 	{PCIC_MEMORY,		PCIS_MEMORY_FLASH,	"flash"},
668 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		-1,			"bridge"},
669 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_HOST,	"HOST-PCI"},
670 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_ISA,	"PCI-ISA"},
671 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_EISA,	"PCI-EISA"},
672 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_MCA,	"PCI-MCA"},
673 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_PCI,	"PCI-PCI"},
674 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_PCMCIA,	"PCI-PCMCIA"},
675 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_NUBUS,	"PCI-NuBus"},
676 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_CARDBUS,	"PCI-CardBus"},
677 	{PCIC_BRIDGE,		PCIS_BRIDGE_RACEWAY,	"PCI-RACEway"},
678 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	-1,			"simple comms"},
679 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_UART,	"UART"},	/* could detect 16550 */
680 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_PAR,	"parallel port"},
681 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_MULSER,	"multiport serial"},
682 	{PCIC_SIMPLECOMM,	PCIS_SIMPLECOMM_MODEM,	"generic modem"},
683 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	-1,			"base peripheral"},
684 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_PIC,	"interrupt controller"},
685 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_DMA,	"DMA controller"},
686 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_TIMER,	"timer"},
687 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_RTC,	"realtime clock"},
688 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_PCIHOT,	"PCI hot-plug controller"},
689 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_SDHC,	"SD host controller"},
690 	{PCIC_BASEPERIPH,	PCIS_BASEPERIPH_IOMMU,	"IOMMU"},
691 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		-1,			"input device"},
692 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_KEYBOARD,	"keyboard"},
693 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_DIGITIZER,"digitizer"},
694 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_MOUSE,	"mouse"},
695 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_SCANNER,	"scanner"},
696 	{PCIC_INPUTDEV,		PCIS_INPUTDEV_GAMEPORT,	"gameport"},
697 	{PCIC_DOCKING,		-1,			"docking station"},
698 	{PCIC_PROCESSOR,	-1,			"processor"},
699 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	-1,			"serial bus"},
700 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_FW,	"FireWire"},
701 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_ACCESS,	"AccessBus"},
702 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_SSA,	"SSA"},
703 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_USB,	"USB"},
704 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_FC,	"Fibre Channel"},
705 	{PCIC_SERIALBUS,	PCIS_SERIALBUS_SMBUS,	"SMBus"},
706 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		-1,			"wireless controller"},
707 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_IRDA,	"iRDA"},
708 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_IR,	"IR"},
709 	{PCIC_WIRELESS,		PCIS_WIRELESS_RF,	"RF"},
710 	{PCIC_INTELLIIO,	-1,			"intelligent I/O controller"},
711 	{PCIC_INTELLIIO,	PCIS_INTELLIIO_I2O,	"I2O"},
712 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		-1,			"satellite communication"},
713 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_TV,		"sat TV"},
714 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_AUDIO,	"sat audio"},
715 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_VOICE,	"sat voice"},
716 	{PCIC_SATCOM,		PCIS_SATCOM_DATA,	"sat data"},
717 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		-1,			"encrypt/decrypt"},
718 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		PCIS_CRYPTO_NETCOMP,	"network/computer crypto"},
719 	{PCIC_CRYPTO,		PCIS_CRYPTO_NETCOMP,	"entertainment crypto"},
720 	{PCIC_DASP,		-1,			"dasp"},
721 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_DPIO,		"DPIO module"},
722 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_PERFCNTRS,	"performance counters"},
723 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_COMM_SYNC,	"communication synchronizer"},
724 	{PCIC_DASP,		PCIS_DASP_MGMT_CARD,	"signal processing management"},
725 	{PCIC_ACCEL,		-1,			"processing accelerators"},
726 	{PCIC_ACCEL,		PCIS_ACCEL_PROCESSING,	"processing accelerators"},
727 	{PCIC_INSTRUMENT,	-1,			"non-essential instrumentation"},
728 	{0, 0,		NULL}
729 };
730 
731 static const char *
732 guess_class(struct pci_conf *p)
733 {
734 	int	i;
735 
736 	for (i = 0; pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc != NULL; i++) {
737 		if (pci_nomatch_tab[i].class == p->pc_class)
738 			return(pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc);
739 	}
740 	return(NULL);
741 }
742 
743 static const char *
744 guess_subclass(struct pci_conf *p)
745 {
746 	int	i;
747 
748 	for (i = 0; pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc != NULL; i++) {
749 		if ((pci_nomatch_tab[i].class == p->pc_class) &&
750 		    (pci_nomatch_tab[i].subclass == p->pc_subclass))
751 			return(pci_nomatch_tab[i].desc);
752 	}
753 	return(NULL);
754 }
755 
756 static int
757 load_vendors(void)
758 {
759 	const char *dbf;
760 	FILE *db;
761 	struct pci_vendor_info *cv;
762 	struct pci_device_info *cd;
763 	char buf[1024], str[1024];
764 	char *ch;
765 	int id, error;
766 
767 	/*
768 	 * Locate the database and initialise.
769 	 */
770 	TAILQ_INIT(&pci_vendors);
771 	if ((dbf = getenv("PCICONF_VENDOR_DATABASE")) == NULL)
772 		dbf = _PATH_LPCIVDB;
773 	if ((db = fopen(dbf, "r")) == NULL) {
774 		dbf = _PATH_PCIVDB;
775 		if ((db = fopen(dbf, "r")) == NULL)
776 			return(1);
777 	}
778 	cv = NULL;
779 	cd = NULL;
780 	error = 0;
781 
782 	/*
783 	 * Scan input lines from the database
784 	 */
785 	for (;;) {
786 		if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), db) == NULL)
787 			break;
788 
789 		if ((ch = strchr(buf, '#')) != NULL)
790 			*ch = '\0';
791 		ch = strchr(buf, '\0') - 1;
792 		while (ch > buf && isspace(*ch))
793 			*ch-- = '\0';
794 		if (ch <= buf)
795 			continue;
796 
797 		/* Can't handle subvendor / subdevice entries yet */
798 		if (buf[0] == '\t' && buf[1] == '\t')
799 			continue;
800 
801 		/* Check for vendor entry */
802 		if (buf[0] != '\t' && sscanf(buf, "%04x %[^\n]", &id, str) == 2) {
803 			if ((id == 0) || (strlen(str) < 1))
804 				continue;
805 			if ((cv = malloc(sizeof(struct pci_vendor_info))) == NULL) {
806 				warn("allocating vendor entry");
807 				error = 1;
808 				break;
809 			}
810 			if ((cv->desc = strdup(str)) == NULL) {
811 				free(cv);
812 				warn("allocating vendor description");
813 				error = 1;
814 				break;
815 			}
816 			cv->id = id;
817 			TAILQ_INIT(&cv->devs);
818 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pci_vendors, cv, link);
819 			continue;
820 		}
821 
822 		/* Check for device entry */
823 		if (buf[0] == '\t' && sscanf(buf + 1, "%04x %[^\n]", &id, str) == 2) {
824 			if ((id == 0) || (strlen(str) < 1))
825 				continue;
826 			if (cv == NULL) {
827 				warnx("device entry with no vendor!");
828 				continue;
829 			}
830 			if ((cd = malloc(sizeof(struct pci_device_info))) == NULL) {
831 				warn("allocating device entry");
832 				error = 1;
833 				break;
834 			}
835 			if ((cd->desc = strdup(str)) == NULL) {
836 				free(cd);
837 				warn("allocating device description");
838 				error = 1;
839 				break;
840 			}
841 			cd->id = id;
842 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cv->devs, cd, link);
843 			continue;
844 		}
845 
846 		/* It's a comment or junk, ignore it */
847 	}
848 	if (ferror(db))
849 		error = 1;
850 	fclose(db);
851 
852 	return(error);
853 }
854 
855 uint32_t
856 read_config(int fd, struct pcisel *sel, long reg, int width)
857 {
858 	struct pci_io pi;
859 
860 	pi.pi_sel = *sel;
861 	pi.pi_reg = reg;
862 	pi.pi_width = width;
863 
864 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCREAD, &pi) < 0)
865 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCREAD)");
866 
867 	return (pi.pi_data);
868 }
869 
870 static struct pcisel
871 getdevice(const char *name)
872 {
873 	struct pci_conf_io pc;
874 	struct pci_conf conf[1];
875 	struct pci_match_conf patterns[1];
876 	char *cp;
877 	int fd;
878 
879 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDONLY, 0);
880 	if (fd < 0)
881 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
882 
883 	bzero(&pc, sizeof(struct pci_conf_io));
884 	pc.match_buf_len = sizeof(conf);
885 	pc.matches = conf;
886 
887 	bzero(&patterns, sizeof(patterns));
888 
889 	/*
890 	 * The pattern structure requires the unit to be split out from
891 	 * the driver name.  Walk backwards from the end of the name to
892 	 * find the start of the unit.
893 	 */
894 	if (name[0] == '\0')
895 		errx(1, "Empty device name");
896 	cp = strchr(name, '\0');
897 	assert(cp != NULL && cp != name);
898 	cp--;
899 	while (cp != name && isdigit(cp[-1]))
900 		cp--;
901 	if (cp == name || !isdigit(*cp))
902 		errx(1, "Invalid device name");
903 	if ((size_t)(cp - name) + 1 > sizeof(patterns[0].pd_name))
904 		errx(1, "Device name is too long");
905 	memcpy(patterns[0].pd_name, name, cp - name);
906 	patterns[0].pd_unit = strtol(cp, &cp, 10);
907 	if (*cp != '\0')
908 		errx(1, "Invalid device name");
909 	patterns[0].flags = PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_NAME | PCI_GETCONF_MATCH_UNIT;
910 	pc.num_patterns = 1;
911 	pc.pat_buf_len = sizeof(patterns);
912 	pc.patterns = patterns;
913 
914 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCGETCONF, &pc) == -1)
915 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCGETCONF)");
916 	if (pc.status != PCI_GETCONF_LAST_DEVICE &&
917 	    pc.status != PCI_GETCONF_MORE_DEVS)
918 		errx(1, "error returned from PCIOCGETCONF ioctl");
919 	close(fd);
920 	if (pc.num_matches == 0)
921 		errx(1, "Device not found");
922 	return (conf[0].pc_sel);
923 }
924 
925 static struct pcisel
926 parsesel(const char *str)
927 {
928 	const char *ep;
929 	char *eppos;
930 	struct pcisel sel;
931 	unsigned long selarr[4];
932 	int i;
933 
934 	ep = strchr(str, '@');
935 	if (ep != NULL)
936 		ep++;
937 	else
938 		ep = str;
939 
940 	if (strncmp(ep, "pci", 3) == 0) {
941 		ep += 3;
942 		i = 0;
943 		while (isdigit(*ep) && i < 4) {
944 			selarr[i++] = strtoul(ep, &eppos, 10);
945 			ep = eppos;
946 			if (*ep == ':')
947 				ep++;
948 		}
949 		if (i > 0 && *ep == '\0') {
950 			sel.pc_func = (i > 2) ? selarr[--i] : 0;
951 			sel.pc_dev = (i > 0) ? selarr[--i] : 0;
952 			sel.pc_bus = (i > 0) ? selarr[--i] : 0;
953 			sel.pc_domain = (i > 0) ? selarr[--i] : 0;
954 			return (sel);
955 		}
956 	}
957 	errx(1, "cannot parse selector %s", str);
958 }
959 
960 static struct pcisel
961 getsel(const char *str)
962 {
963 
964 	/*
965 	 * No device names contain colons and selectors always contain
966 	 * at least one colon.
967 	 */
968 	if (strchr(str, ':') == NULL)
969 		return (getdevice(str));
970 	else
971 		return (parsesel(str));
972 }
973 
974 static void
975 readone(int fd, struct pcisel *sel, long reg, int width)
976 {
977 
978 	printf("%0*x", width*2, read_config(fd, sel, reg, width));
979 }
980 
981 static void
982 readit(const char *name, const char *reg, int width)
983 {
984 	long rstart;
985 	long rend;
986 	long r;
987 	char *end;
988 	int i;
989 	int fd;
990 	struct pcisel sel;
991 
992 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
993 	if (fd < 0)
994 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
995 
996 	rend = rstart = strtol(reg, &end, 0);
997 	if (end && *end == ':') {
998 		end++;
999 		rend = strtol(end, (char **) 0, 0);
1000 	}
1001 	sel = getsel(name);
1002 	for (i = 1, r = rstart; r <= rend; i++, r += width) {
1003 		readone(fd, &sel, r, width);
1004 		if (i && !(i % 8))
1005 			putchar(' ');
1006 		putchar(i % (16/width) ? ' ' : '\n');
1007 	}
1008 	if (i % (16/width) != 1)
1009 		putchar('\n');
1010 	close(fd);
1011 }
1012 
1013 static void
1014 writeit(const char *name, const char *reg, const char *data, int width)
1015 {
1016 	int fd;
1017 	struct pci_io pi;
1018 
1019 	pi.pi_sel = getsel(name);
1020 	pi.pi_reg = strtoul(reg, (char **)0, 0); /* XXX error check */
1021 	pi.pi_width = width;
1022 	pi.pi_data = strtoul(data, (char **)0, 0); /* XXX error check */
1023 
1024 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
1025 	if (fd < 0)
1026 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
1027 
1028 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCWRITE, &pi) < 0)
1029 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCWRITE)");
1030 	close(fd);
1031 }
1032 
1033 static void
1034 chkattached(const char *name)
1035 {
1036 	int fd;
1037 	struct pci_io pi;
1038 
1039 	pi.pi_sel = getsel(name);
1040 
1041 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
1042 	if (fd < 0)
1043 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
1044 
1045 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCATTACHED, &pi) < 0)
1046 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCATTACHED)");
1047 
1048 	exitstatus = pi.pi_data ? 0 : 2; /* exit(2), if NOT attached */
1049 	printf("%s: %s%s\n", name, pi.pi_data == 0 ? "not " : "", "attached");
1050 	close(fd);
1051 }
1052 
1053 static void
1054 dump_bar(const char *name, const char *reg, const char *bar_start,
1055     const char *bar_count, int width, int verbose)
1056 {
1057 	struct pci_bar_mmap pbm;
1058 	uint32_t *dd;
1059 	uint16_t *dh;
1060 	uint8_t *db;
1061 	uint64_t *dx, a, start, count;
1062 	char *el;
1063 	size_t res;
1064 	int fd;
1065 
1066 	start = 0;
1067 	if (bar_start != NULL) {
1068 		start = strtoul(bar_start, &el, 0);
1069 		if (*el != '\0')
1070 			errx(1, "Invalid bar start specification %s",
1071 			    bar_start);
1072 	}
1073 	count = 0;
1074 	if (bar_count != NULL) {
1075 		count = strtoul(bar_count, &el, 0);
1076 		if (*el != '\0')
1077 			errx(1, "Invalid count specification %s",
1078 			    bar_count);
1079 	}
1080 
1081 	pbm.pbm_sel = getsel(name);
1082 	pbm.pbm_reg = strtoul(reg, &el, 0);
1083 	if (*reg == '\0' || *el != '\0')
1084 		errx(1, "Invalid bar specification %s", reg);
1085 	pbm.pbm_flags = 0;
1086 	pbm.pbm_memattr = VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE; /* XXX */
1087 
1088 	fd = open(_PATH_DEVPCI, O_RDWR, 0);
1089 	if (fd < 0)
1090 		err(1, "%s", _PATH_DEVPCI);
1091 
1092 	if (ioctl(fd, PCIOCBARMMAP, &pbm) < 0)
1093 		err(1, "ioctl(PCIOCBARMMAP)");
1094 
1095 	if (count == 0)
1096 		count = pbm.pbm_bar_length / width;
1097 	if (start + count < start || (start + count) * width < (uint64_t)width)
1098 		errx(1, "(start + count) x width overflow");
1099 	if ((start + count) * width > pbm.pbm_bar_length) {
1100 		if (start * width > pbm.pbm_bar_length)
1101 			count = 0;
1102 		else
1103 			count = (pbm.pbm_bar_length - start * width) / width;
1104 	}
1105 	if (verbose) {
1106 		fprintf(stderr,
1107 		    "Dumping pci%d:%d:%d:%d BAR %x mapped base %p "
1108 		    "off %#x length %#jx from %#jx count %#jx in %d-bytes\n",
1109 		    pbm.pbm_sel.pc_domain, pbm.pbm_sel.pc_bus,
1110 		    pbm.pbm_sel.pc_dev, pbm.pbm_sel.pc_func,
1111 		    pbm.pbm_reg, pbm.pbm_map_base, pbm.pbm_bar_off,
1112 		    pbm.pbm_bar_length, start, count, width);
1113 	}
1114 	switch (width) {
1115 	case 1:
1116 		db = (uint8_t *)(uintptr_t)((uintptr_t)pbm.pbm_map_base +
1117 		    pbm.pbm_bar_off + start * width);
1118 		for (a = 0; a < count; a += width, db++) {
1119 			res = fwrite(db, width, 1, stdout);
1120 			if (res != 1) {
1121 				errx(1, "error writing to stdout");
1122 				break;
1123 			}
1124 		}
1125 		break;
1126 	case 2:
1127 		dh = (uint16_t *)(uintptr_t)((uintptr_t)pbm.pbm_map_base +
1128 		    pbm.pbm_bar_off + start * width);
1129 		for (a = 0; a < count; a += width, dh++) {
1130 			res = fwrite(dh, width, 1, stdout);
1131 			if (res != 1) {
1132 				errx(1, "error writing to stdout");
1133 				break;
1134 			}
1135 		}
1136 		break;
1137 	case 4:
1138 		dd = (uint32_t *)(uintptr_t)((uintptr_t)pbm.pbm_map_base +
1139 		    pbm.pbm_bar_off + start * width);
1140 		for (a = 0; a < count; a += width, dd++) {
1141 			res = fwrite(dd, width, 1, stdout);
1142 			if (res != 1) {
1143 				errx(1, "error writing to stdout");
1144 				break;
1145 			}
1146 		}
1147 		break;
1148 	case 8:
1149 		dx = (uint64_t *)(uintptr_t)((uintptr_t)pbm.pbm_map_base +
1150 		    pbm.pbm_bar_off + start * width);
1151 		for (a = 0; a < count; a += width, dx++) {
1152 			res = fwrite(dx, width, 1, stdout);
1153 			if (res != 1) {
1154 				errx(1, "error writing to stdout");
1155 				break;
1156 			}
1157 		}
1158 		break;
1159 	default:
1160 		errx(1, "invalid access width");
1161 	}
1162 
1163 	munmap((void *)pbm.pbm_map_base, pbm.pbm_map_length);
1164 	close(fd);
1165 }
1166