xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision efedac28c7ce4bef9d9b09b7901f1cb35babc2c4)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.45 2011/10/09 22:49:26 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause
5  *
6  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
20  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
21  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
22  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
23  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
24  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
25  *    written permission.
26  *
27  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
28  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
29  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
30  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
31  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
32  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
33  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
34  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
35  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
36  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
37  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
38  */
39 /*
40  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
41  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
42  *
43  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
44  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
45  * are met:
46  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
48  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
49  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
50  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
51  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
52  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
53  *    without specific prior written permission.
54  *
55  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
56  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
57  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
58  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
59  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
60  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
61  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
62  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
63  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
64  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
65  * SUCH DAMAGE.
66  */
67 
68 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
69 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
70 #include "nbtool_config.h"
71 #endif
72 
73 #include <sys/param.h>
74 
75 #include <sys/mount.h>
76 
77 #include <assert.h>
78 #include <errno.h>
79 #include <fcntl.h>
80 #include <stdarg.h>
81 #include <stdint.h>
82 #include <stdio.h>
83 #include <stdlib.h>
84 #include <string.h>
85 #include <time.h>
86 #include <unistd.h>
87 #include <util.h>
88 
89 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
90 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
91 #endif
92 
93 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
94 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
95 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
96 
97 #include "ffs/ufs_bswap.h"
98 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
99 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
100 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
101 
102 #undef clrbuf
103 #include "makefs.h"
104 #include "ffs.h"
105 
106 #undef DIP
107 #define DIP(dp, field) \
108 	((ffs_opts->version == 1) ? \
109 	(dp)->dp1.di_##field : (dp)->dp2.di_##field)
110 
111 /*
112  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
113  */
114 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		4096		/* fragment size */
115 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		32768		/* block size */
116 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
117 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
118 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode */
119 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
120 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
121 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
122 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
123 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
124 
125 
126 typedef struct {
127 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
128 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
129 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
130 } dirbuf_t;
131 
132 
133 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
134 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
135 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
136 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
137 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
138 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
139 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
140 static	void	ffs_write_file(union dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
141 static	void	ffs_write_inode(union dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
142 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
143 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
144 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
145 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
146 
147 
148 	/* publicly visible functions */
149 
150 void
151 ffs_prep_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
152 {
153 	ffs_opt_t *ffs_opts = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*ffs_opts));
154 
155 	const option_t ffs_options[] = {
156 	    { 'b', "bsize", &ffs_opts->bsize, OPT_INT32,
157 	      1, INT_MAX, "block size" },
158 	    { 'f', "fsize", &ffs_opts->fsize, OPT_INT32,
159 	      1, INT_MAX, "fragment size" },
160 	    { 'd', "density", &ffs_opts->density, OPT_INT32,
161 	      1, INT_MAX, "bytes per inode" },
162 	    { 'm', "minfree", &ffs_opts->minfree, OPT_INT32,
163 	      0, 99, "minfree" },
164 	    { 'M', "maxbpg", &ffs_opts->maxbpg, OPT_INT32,
165 	      1, INT_MAX, "max blocks per file in a cg" },
166 	    { 'a', "avgfilesize", &ffs_opts->avgfilesize, OPT_INT32,
167 	      1, INT_MAX, "expected average file size" },
168 	    { 'n', "avgfpdir", &ffs_opts->avgfpdir, OPT_INT32,
169 	      1, INT_MAX, "expected # of files per directory" },
170 	    { 'x', "extent", &ffs_opts->maxbsize, OPT_INT32,
171 	      1, INT_MAX, "maximum # extent size" },
172 	    { 'g', "maxbpcg", &ffs_opts->maxblkspercg, OPT_INT32,
173 	      1, INT_MAX, "max # of blocks per group" },
174 	    { 'v', "version", &ffs_opts->version, OPT_INT32,
175 	      1, 2, "UFS version" },
176 	    { 'o', "optimization", NULL, OPT_STRBUF,
177 	      0, 0, "Optimization (time|space)" },
178 	    { 'l', "label", ffs_opts->label, OPT_STRARRAY,
179 	      1, sizeof(ffs_opts->label), "UFS label" },
180 	    { 's', "softupdates", &ffs_opts->softupdates, OPT_INT32,
181 	      0, 1, "enable softupdates" },
182 	    { .name = NULL }
183 	};
184 
185 	ffs_opts->bsize= -1;
186 	ffs_opts->fsize= -1;
187 	ffs_opts->cpg= -1;
188 	ffs_opts->density= -1;
189 	ffs_opts->min_inodes= false;
190 	ffs_opts->minfree= -1;
191 	ffs_opts->optimization= -1;
192 	ffs_opts->maxcontig= -1;
193 	ffs_opts->maxbpg= -1;
194 	ffs_opts->avgfilesize= -1;
195 	ffs_opts->avgfpdir= -1;
196 	ffs_opts->version = 1;
197 	ffs_opts->softupdates = 0;
198 
199 	fsopts->fs_specific = ffs_opts;
200 	fsopts->fs_options = copy_opts(ffs_options);
201 }
202 
203 void
204 ffs_cleanup_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
205 {
206 	free(fsopts->fs_specific);
207 	free(fsopts->fs_options);
208 }
209 
210 int
211 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
212 {
213 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
214 	option_t *ffs_options = fsopts->fs_options;
215 	char buf[1024];
216 
217 	int	rv;
218 
219 	assert(option != NULL);
220 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
221 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
222 
223 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
224 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
225 
226 	rv = set_option(ffs_options, option, buf, sizeof(buf));
227 	if (rv == -1)
228 		return 0;
229 
230 	if (ffs_options[rv].name == NULL)
231 		abort();
232 
233 	switch (ffs_options[rv].letter) {
234 	case 'o':
235 		if (strcmp(buf, "time") == 0) {
236 			ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
237 		} else if (strcmp(buf, "space") == 0) {
238 			ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
239 		} else {
240 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", buf);
241 			return 0;
242 		}
243 		break;
244 	default:
245 		break;
246 	}
247 	return 1;
248 }
249 
250 
251 void
252 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
253 {
254 	struct fs	*superblock;
255 	struct timeval	start;
256 
257 	assert(image != NULL);
258 	assert(dir != NULL);
259 	assert(root != NULL);
260 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
261 
262 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
263 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
264 		    image, dir, root);
265 
266 		/* if user wants no free space, use minimum number of inodes */
267 	if (fsopts->minsize == 0 && fsopts->freeblockpc == 0 &&
268 	    fsopts->freeblocks == 0)
269 		((ffs_opt_t *)fsopts->fs_specific)->min_inodes = true;
270 
271 		/* validate tree and options */
272 	TIMER_START(start);
273 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
274 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
275 
276 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
277 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
278 
279 		/* create image */
280 	TIMER_START(start);
281 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
282 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
283 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
284 
285 	fsopts->curinode = UFS_ROOTINO;
286 
287 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
288 		putchar('\n');
289 
290 		/* populate image */
291 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
292 	TIMER_START(start);
293 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
294 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
295 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
296 
297 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
298 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
299 		bcleanup();
300 
301 		/* update various superblock parameters */
302 	superblock = fsopts->superblock;
303 	superblock->fs_fmod = 0;
304 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir   = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
305 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
306 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
307 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
308 
309 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
310 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
311 	if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
312 		err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
313 	fsopts->fd = -1;
314 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
315 }
316 
317 	/* end of public functions */
318 
319 
320 static void
321 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
322 {
323 #ifdef notyet
324 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
325 #endif
326 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
327 
328 	assert(dir != NULL);
329 	assert(root != NULL);
330 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
331 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
332 
333 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
334 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
335 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
336 	}
337 
338 		/* set FFS defaults */
339 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
340 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
341 	if (fsopts->sectorsize != DFL_SECSIZE)
342 		warnx("sectorsize %d may produce nonfunctional image",
343 		    fsopts->sectorsize);
344 	if (ffs_opts->fsize == -1)
345 		ffs_opts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
346 	if (ffs_opts->bsize == -1)
347 		ffs_opts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * ffs_opts->fsize);
348 	if (ffs_opts->cpg == -1)
349 		ffs_opts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
350 	else
351 		ffs_opts->cpgflg = 1;
352 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
353 	if (ffs_opts->nsectors == -1)
354 		ffs_opts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
355 	if (ffs_opts->minfree == -1)
356 		ffs_opts->minfree = MINFREE;
357 	if (ffs_opts->optimization == -1)
358 		ffs_opts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
359 	if (ffs_opts->maxcontig == -1)
360 		ffs_opts->maxcontig =
361 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, FFS_MAXBSIZE) / ffs_opts->bsize);
362 	/* XXX ondisk32 */
363 	if (ffs_opts->maxbpg == -1)
364 		ffs_opts->maxbpg = ffs_opts->bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
365 	if (ffs_opts->avgfilesize == -1)
366 		ffs_opts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
367 	if (ffs_opts->avgfpdir == -1)
368 		ffs_opts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
369 
370 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 &&
371 	    roundup(fsopts->minsize, ffs_opts->bsize) > fsopts->maxsize)
372 		errx(1, "`%s' minsize of %lld rounded up to ffs bsize of %d "
373 		    "exceeds maxsize %lld.  Lower bsize, or round the minimum "
374 		    "and maximum sizes to bsize.", dir,
375 		    (long long)fsopts->minsize, ffs_opts->bsize,
376 		    (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
377 
378 		/* calculate size of tree */
379 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
380 	fsopts->inodes += UFS_ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
381 
382 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
383 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
384 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
385 
386 		/* add requested slop */
387 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
388 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
389 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
390 		fsopts->inodes =
391 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
392 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
393 		fsopts->size =
394 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
395 
396 	/*
397 	 * Add space needed for superblock, cylblock and to store inodes.
398 	 * All of those segments are aligned to the block size.
399 	 * XXX: This has to match calculations done in ffs_mkfs.
400 	 */
401 	if (ffs_opts->version == 1) {
402 		fsopts->size +=
403 		    roundup(SBLOCK_UFS1 + SBLOCKSIZE, ffs_opts->bsize);
404 		fsopts->size += roundup(SBLOCKSIZE, ffs_opts->bsize);
405 		fsopts->size += ffs_opts->bsize;
406 		fsopts->size +=  DINODE1_SIZE *
407 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes, ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE1_SIZE);
408 	} else {
409 		fsopts->size +=
410 		    roundup(SBLOCK_UFS2 + SBLOCKSIZE, ffs_opts->bsize);
411 		fsopts->size += roundup(SBLOCKSIZE, ffs_opts->bsize);
412 		fsopts->size += ffs_opts->bsize;
413 		fsopts->size += DINODE2_SIZE *
414 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes, ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE2_SIZE);
415 	}
416 
417 		/* add minfree */
418 	if (ffs_opts->minfree > 0)
419 		fsopts->size =
420 		    fsopts->size * (100 + ffs_opts->minfree) / 100;
421 	/*
422 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, bitmaps, etc ??
423 	 */
424 
425 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
426 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
427 
428 		/* round up to the next block */
429 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, ffs_opts->bsize);
430 
431 		/* round up to requested block size, if any */
432 	if (fsopts->roundup > 0)
433 		fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->roundup);
434 
435 		/* calculate density to just fit inodes if no free space */
436 	if (ffs_opts->density == -1)
437 		ffs_opts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
438 
439 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
440 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
441 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
442 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
443 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
444 	}
445 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
446 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
447 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
448 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
449 	}
450 }
451 
452 
453 static void
454 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
455 {
456 
457 	ffs_opt_t	*fs = f->fs_specific;
458 
459 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
460 
461 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
462 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
463 
464 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
465 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
466 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
467 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
468 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
469 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
470 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
471 
472 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
473 	    fs->bsize, fs->fsize, fs->cpg, fs->density);
474 	printf("\tnsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
475 	    fs->nsectors, fs->rpm, fs->minfree);
476 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, maxbpg %d\n",
477 	    fs->maxcontig, fs->maxbpg);
478 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
479 	    fs->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
480 }
481 
482 
483 static int
484 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
485 {
486 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
487 	struct statvfs	sfs;
488 #endif
489 	struct fs	*fs;
490 	char	*buf;
491 	int	i, bufsize;
492 	off_t	bufrem;
493 	int	oflags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
494 	time_t	tstamp;
495 
496 	assert (image != NULL);
497 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
498 
499 		/* create image */
500 	if (fsopts->offset == 0)
501 		oflags |= O_TRUNC;
502 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, oflags, 0666)) == -1) {
503 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
504 		return (-1);
505 	}
506 
507 		/* zero image */
508 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
509 	if (fstatvfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
510 #endif
511 		bufsize = 8192;
512 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
513 		warn("can't fstatvfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
514 		    image, bufsize);
515 	} else
516 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
517 #endif
518 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
519 	if (fsopts->sparse) {
520 		if (ftruncate(fsopts->fd, bufrem) == -1) {
521 			warn("sparse option disabled.");
522 			fsopts->sparse = 0;
523 		}
524 	}
525 	if (fsopts->sparse) {
526 		/* File truncated at bufrem. Remaining is 0 */
527 		bufrem = 0;
528 		buf = NULL;
529 	} else {
530 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
531 			printf("zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, "
532 			    "using %d byte chunks\n", image, (long long)bufrem,
533 			    bufsize);
534 		buf = ecalloc(1, bufsize);
535 	}
536 
537 	if (fsopts->offset != 0)
538 		if (lseek(fsopts->fd, fsopts->offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
539 			warn("can't seek");
540 			free(buf);
541 			return -1;
542 		}
543 
544 	while (bufrem > 0) {
545 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
546 		if (i == -1) {
547 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
548 			    (long long)bufrem);
549 			free(buf);
550 			return (-1);
551 		}
552 		bufrem -= i;
553 	}
554 	if (buf)
555 		free(buf);
556 
557 		/* make the file system */
558 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
559 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
560 
561 	if (stampst.st_ino != 0)
562 		tstamp = stampst.st_ctime;
563 	else
564 		tstamp = start_time.tv_sec;
565 
566 	srandom(tstamp);
567 
568 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts, tstamp);
569 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
570 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
571 		time_t t;
572 
573 		t = (time_t)((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
574 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
575 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
576 		printf("fs totals: nbfree %lld, nffree %lld, nifree %lld, ndir %lld\n",
577 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree,
578 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
579 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
580 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
581 	}
582 
583 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + (off_t)UFS_ROOTINO < fsopts->inodes) {
584 		warnx(
585 		"Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
586 		    image,
587 		    (long long)(fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + UFS_ROOTINO),
588 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
589 		return (-1);
590 	}
591 	return (fsopts->fd);
592 }
593 
594 
595 static void
596 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
597 {
598 	struct direct	tmpdir;
599 	fsnode *	node;
600 	int		curdirsize, this;
601 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
602 
603 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
604 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
605 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
606 
607 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
608 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
609 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
610 
611 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
612 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
613 	this = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
614 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
615 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
616 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
617 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
618 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
619 	curdirsize += this;						\
620 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
621 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
622 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
623 } while (0);
624 
625 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
626 	if ((size_t)(x) < UFS_NDADDR * (size_t)ffs_opts->bsize) {	\
627 		fsopts->size += roundup((x), ffs_opts->fsize);		\
628 	} else {							\
629 		/* Count space consumed by indirecttion blocks. */	\
630 		fsopts->size +=	ffs_opts->bsize *			\
631 		    (howmany((x), UFS_NDADDR * ffs_opts->bsize) - 1);	\
632 		/*							\
633 		 * If the file is big enough to use indirect blocks,	\
634 		 * we allocate bsize block for trailing data.		\
635 		 */							\
636 		fsopts->size += roundup((x), ffs_opts->bsize);		\
637 	}								\
638 } while (0);
639 
640 	curdirsize = 0;
641 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
642 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
643 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
644 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
645 			ADDDIRENT("..");
646 		} else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
647 				/* don't count duplicate names */
648 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
649 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
650 				printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
651 				    node->name,
652 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
653 			fsopts->inodes++;
654 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
655 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
656 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
657 				size_t slen;
658 
659 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
660 				if (slen >= (ffs_opts->version == 1 ?
661 						UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN :
662 						UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN))
663 					ADDSIZE(slen);
664 			}
665 		}
666 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
667 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
668 	}
669 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
670 
671 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
672 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
673 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
674 }
675 
676 static void *
677 ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
678 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
679 {
680 	size_t slen;
681 	void *membuf;
682 	struct stat *st = stampst.st_ino != 0 ? &stampst : &cur->inode->st;
683 
684 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
685 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
686 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
687 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
688 	dinp->di_flags = FSINODE_ST_FLAGS(*cur->inode);
689 	dinp->di_gen = random();
690 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
691 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
692 
693 	dinp->di_atime = st->st_atime;
694 	dinp->di_mtime = st->st_mtime;
695 	dinp->di_ctime = st->st_ctime;
696 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
697 	dinp->di_atimensec = st->st_atimensec;
698 	dinp->di_mtimensec = st->st_mtimensec;
699 	dinp->di_ctimensec = st->st_ctimensec;
700 #endif
701 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
702 
703 	membuf = NULL;
704 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
705 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
706 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
707 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
708 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
709 		dinp->di_rdev =
710 		    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
711 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
712 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
713 		if (slen < UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
714 			memcpy(dinp->di_shortlink, cur->symlink, slen);
715 		} else
716 			membuf = cur->symlink;
717 		dinp->di_size = slen;
718 	}
719 	return membuf;
720 }
721 
722 static void *
723 ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
724 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
725 {
726 	size_t slen;
727 	void *membuf;
728 	struct stat *st = stampst.st_ino != 0 ? &stampst : &cur->inode->st;
729 
730 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
731 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
732 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
733 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
734 	dinp->di_flags = FSINODE_ST_FLAGS(*cur->inode);
735 	dinp->di_gen = random();
736 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
737 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
738 
739 	dinp->di_atime = st->st_atime;
740 	dinp->di_mtime = st->st_mtime;
741 	dinp->di_ctime = st->st_ctime;
742 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
743 	dinp->di_birthtime = st->st_birthtime;
744 #else
745 	dinp->di_birthtime = st->st_ctime;
746 #endif
747 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
748 	dinp->di_atimensec = st->st_atimensec;
749 	dinp->di_mtimensec = st->st_mtimensec;
750 	dinp->di_ctimensec = st->st_ctimensec;
751 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
752 	dinp->di_birthnsec = st->st_birthtimensec;
753 #else
754 	dinp->di_birthnsec = st->st_ctimensec;
755 #endif
756 #endif
757 
758 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
759 
760 	membuf = NULL;
761 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
762 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
763 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
764 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
765 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
766 		dinp->di_rdev =
767 		    ufs_rw64(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
768 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
769 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
770 		if (slen < UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
771 			memcpy(dinp->di_shortlink, cur->symlink, slen);
772 		} else
773 			membuf = cur->symlink;
774 		dinp->di_size = slen;
775 	}
776 	return membuf;
777 }
778 
779 static int
780 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
781 {
782 	fsnode		*cur;
783 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
784 	union dinode	din;
785 	void		*membuf;
786 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
787 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
788 
789 	assert(dir != NULL);
790 	assert(root != NULL);
791 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
792 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
793 
794 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
795 
796 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
797 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
798 
799 		/*
800 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
801 		 */
802 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
803 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
804 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
805 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
806 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
807 			else {
808 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
809 				fsopts->curinode++;
810 			}
811 		}
812 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
813 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
814 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
815 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
816 			    fsopts->needswap);
817 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
818 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
819 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
820 
821 		/*
822 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
823 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
824 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
825 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
826 		 */
827 	}
828 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
829 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
830 
831 		/*
832 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
833 		 */
834 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
835 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
836 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
837 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
838 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
839 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
840 
841 		if (cur->contents == NULL) {
842 			if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/%s", cur->root,
843 			    cur->path, cur->name) >= (int)sizeof(path))
844 				errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
845 		}
846 
847 		if (cur->child != NULL)
848 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
849 
850 				/* build on-disk inode */
851 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
852 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode1(&din.dp1, &dirbuf, cur,
853 			    root, fsopts);
854 		else
855 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode2(&din.dp2, &dirbuf, cur,
856 			    root, fsopts);
857 
858 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
859 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
860 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
861 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
862 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
863 			putchar('\n');
864 		}
865 
866 		if (membuf != NULL) {
867 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
868 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
869 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino,
870 			    (cur->contents) ?  cur->contents : path, fsopts);
871 		} else {
872 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
873 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
874 		}
875 	}
876 
877 		/*
878 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
879 		 */
880 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
881 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
882 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
883 		if (cur->child == NULL)
884 			continue;
885 		if ((size_t)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir,
886 		    cur->name) >= sizeof(path))
887 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
888 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
889 			return (0);
890 	}
891 
892 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
893 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
894 
895 		/* cleanup */
896 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
897 		free(dirbuf.buf);
898 	return (1);
899 }
900 
901 
902 static void
903 ffs_write_file(union dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
904 {
905 	int	isfile, ffd;
906 	char	*fbuf, *p;
907 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
908 	ssize_t nread;
909 	struct inode	in;
910 	struct m_buf *	bp;
911 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
912 	struct m_vnode vp = { fsopts, NULL };
913 
914 	assert (din != NULL);
915 	assert (buf != NULL);
916 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
917 	assert (ffs_opts != NULL);
918 
919 	isfile = S_ISREG(DIP(din, mode));
920 	fbuf = NULL;
921 	ffd = -1;
922 	p = NULL;
923 
924 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
925 	in.i_devvp = (void *)&vp;
926 
927 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
928 		printf(
929 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
930 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
931 		    (long long)DIP(din, size));
932 		if (isfile)
933 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
934 		else
935 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
936 	}
937 
938 	in.i_number = ino;
939 	in.i_size = DIP(din, size);
940 	if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
941 		memcpy(&in.i_din.dp1, &din->dp1,
942 		    sizeof(in.i_din.dp1));
943 	else
944 		memcpy(&in.i_din.dp2, &din->dp2,
945 		    sizeof(in.i_din.dp2));
946 
947 	if (DIP(din, size) == 0)
948 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
949 
950 	if (isfile) {
951 		fbuf = emalloc(ffs_opts->bsize);
952 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
953 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
954 		}
955 	} else {
956 		p = buf;
957 	}
958 
959 	chunk = 0;
960 	for (bufleft = DIP(din, size); bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
961 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, ffs_opts->bsize);
962 		if (!isfile)
963 			;
964 		else if ((nread = read(ffd, fbuf, chunk)) == -1)
965 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
966 			    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
967 		else if (nread != chunk)
968 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go, "
969 			    "read %zd bytes, expected %ju bytes, does "
970 			    "metalog size= attribute mismatch source size?",
971 			    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft, nread,
972 			    (uintmax_t)chunk);
973 		else
974 			p = fbuf;
975 		offset = DIP(din, size) - bufleft;
976 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
977 			printf(
978 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
979 			    p, (long long)offset,
980 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
981 	/*
982 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
983 	 *
984 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
985 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
986 	 */
987 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
988  bad_ffs_write_file:
989 		if (errno != 0)
990 			err(1,
991 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
992 			    ino,
993 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
994 			      inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
995 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
996 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
997 		errno = bwrite(bp);
998 		if (errno != 0)
999 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
1000 		if (!isfile)
1001 			p += chunk;
1002 	}
1003 
1004  write_inode_and_leave:
1005 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
1006 	if (fbuf)
1007 		free(fbuf);
1008 	if (ffd != -1)
1009 		close(ffd);
1010 }
1011 
1012 
1013 static void
1014 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
1015 {
1016 	doff_t		i;
1017 	struct direct	*de;
1018 	uint16_t	reclen;
1019 
1020 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
1021 	assert (dir != NULL);
1022 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
1023 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
1024 
1025 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
1026 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
1027 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
1028 		printf(
1029 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
1030 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
1031 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
1032 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
1033 		i += reclen;
1034 		assert(reclen > 0);
1035 	}
1036 }
1037 
1038 static void
1039 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
1040 {
1041 	struct direct	de, *dp;
1042 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
1043 	u_char		*newbuf;
1044 
1045 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
1046 	assert (name != NULL);
1047 	assert (node != NULL);
1048 					/* create direct entry */
1049 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
1050 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
1051 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
1052 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
1053 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
1054 	reclen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &de, needswap);
1055 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
1056 
1057 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
1058 	llen = 0;
1059 	if (dp != NULL)
1060 		llen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, dp, needswap);
1061 
1062 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
1063 		printf(
1064 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
1065 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
1066 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
1067 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
1068 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
1069 
1070 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
1071 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
1072 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
1073 			    dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
1074 		newbuf = erealloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
1075 		dbuf->buf = newbuf;
1076 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;
1077 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
1078 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
1079 	} else if (dp) {			/* shrink end of previous */
1080 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
1081 		dbuf->cur += llen;
1082 	}
1083 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
1084 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
1085 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
1086 }
1087 
1088 /*
1089  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
1090  */
1091 static void
1092 ffs_write_inode(union dinode *dp, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
1093 {
1094 	char		*buf;
1095 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
1096 	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2, *dip;
1097 	struct cg	*cgp;
1098 	struct fs	*fs;
1099 	int		cg, cgino;
1100 	uint32_t	i;
1101 	daddr_t		d;
1102 	char		sbbuf[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
1103 	uint32_t	initediblk;
1104 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
1105 
1106 	assert (dp != NULL);
1107 	assert (ino > 0);
1108 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
1109 	assert (ffs_opts != NULL);
1110 
1111 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
1112 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
1113 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
1114 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
1115 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
1116 		    dp, ino, cg, cgino);
1117 
1118 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1119 	    fsopts);
1120 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
1121 	if (!cg_chkmagic_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
1122 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
1123 
1124 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
1125 
1126 	buf = emalloc(fs->fs_bsize);
1127 	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)buf;
1128 	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1129 
1130 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
1131 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
1132 		    ino);
1133 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
1134 		errx(1,
1135 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
1136 		    cg, ino);
1137 	setbit(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
1138 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
1139 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1140 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
1141 	if (S_ISDIR(DIP(dp, mode))) {
1142 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
1143 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1144 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
1145 	}
1146 
1147 	/*
1148 	 * Initialize inode blocks on the fly for UFS2.
1149 	 */
1150 	initediblk = ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1151 	while (ffs_opts->version == 2 && cgino + INOPB(fs) > initediblk &&
1152 	    initediblk < ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_niblk, fsopts->needswap)) {
1153 		memset(buf, 0, fs->fs_bsize);
1154 		dip = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1155 		for (i = 0; i < INOPB(fs); i++) {
1156 			dip->di_gen = random();
1157 			dip++;
1158 		}
1159 		ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs,
1160 				  cg * fs->fs_ipg + initediblk)),
1161 		    fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1162 		initediblk += INOPB(fs);
1163 		cgp->cg_initediblk = ufs_rw32(initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1164 	}
1165 
1166 
1167 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1168 	    fsopts);
1169 
1170 					/* now write inode */
1171 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
1172 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1173 	if (fsopts->needswap) {
1174 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
1175 			ffs_dinode1_swap(&dp->dp1,
1176 			    &dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1177 		else
1178 			ffs_dinode2_swap(&dp->dp2,
1179 			    &dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1180 	} else {
1181 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
1182 			dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->dp1;
1183 		else
1184 			dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->dp2;
1185 	}
1186 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1187 	free(buf);
1188 }
1189 
1190 void
1191 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
1192 {
1193 	va_list ap;
1194 
1195 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1196 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
1197 	va_end(ap);
1198 	exit(1);
1199 }
1200