xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision ca987d4641cdcd7f27e153db17c5bf064934faf5)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.45 2011/10/09 22:49:26 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*
38  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
39  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
40  *
41  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
43  * are met:
44  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
50  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
51  *    without specific prior written permission.
52  *
53  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
54  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
55  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
56  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
57  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
58  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
59  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
60  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
61  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
62  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
63  * SUCH DAMAGE.
64  *
65  *	@(#)ffs_alloc.c	8.19 (Berkeley) 7/13/95
66  */
67 
68 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
69 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
70 
71 #include <sys/param.h>
72 
73 #include <sys/mount.h>
74 
75 #include <assert.h>
76 #include <errno.h>
77 #include <fcntl.h>
78 #include <stdarg.h>
79 #include <stdint.h>
80 #include <stdio.h>
81 #include <stdlib.h>
82 #include <string.h>
83 #include <time.h>
84 #include <unistd.h>
85 #include <util.h>
86 
87 #include "makefs.h"
88 #include "ffs.h"
89 
90 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
91 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
92 #endif
93 
94 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
95 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
96 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
97 
98 
99 #include "ffs/ufs_bswap.h"
100 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
101 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
102 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
103 
104 #undef DIP
105 #define DIP(dp, field) \
106 	((ffs_opts->version == 1) ? \
107 	(dp)->ffs1_din.di_##field : (dp)->ffs2_din.di_##field)
108 
109 /*
110  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
111  */
112 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		1024		/* fragment size */
113 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		8192		/* block size */
114 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
115 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
116 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode */
117 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
118 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
119 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
120 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
121 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
122 
123 
124 typedef struct {
125 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
126 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
127 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
128 } dirbuf_t;
129 
130 
131 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
132 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
133 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
134 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
135 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
136 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
137 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
138 static	void	ffs_write_file(union dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
139 static	void	ffs_write_inode(union dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
140 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
141 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
142 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
143 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
144 
145 
146 	/* publicly visible functions */
147 
148 void
149 ffs_prep_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
150 {
151 	ffs_opt_t *ffs_opts = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*ffs_opts));
152 
153 	const option_t ffs_options[] = {
154 	    { 'b', "bsize", &ffs_opts->bsize, OPT_INT32,
155 	      1, INT_MAX, "block size" },
156 	    { 'f', "fsize", &ffs_opts->fsize, OPT_INT32,
157 	      1, INT_MAX, "fragment size" },
158 	    { 'd', "density", &ffs_opts->density, OPT_INT32,
159 	      1, INT_MAX, "bytes per inode" },
160 	    { 'm', "minfree", &ffs_opts->minfree, OPT_INT32,
161 	      0, 99, "minfree" },
162 	    { 'M', "maxbpg", &ffs_opts->maxbpg, OPT_INT32,
163 	      1, INT_MAX, "max blocks per file in a cg" },
164 	    { 'a', "avgfilesize", &ffs_opts->avgfilesize, OPT_INT32,
165 	      1, INT_MAX, "expected average file size" },
166 	    { 'n', "avgfpdir", &ffs_opts->avgfpdir, OPT_INT32,
167 	      1, INT_MAX, "expected # of files per directory" },
168 	    { 'x', "extent", &ffs_opts->maxbsize, OPT_INT32,
169 	      1, INT_MAX, "maximum # extent size" },
170 	    { 'g', "maxbpcg", &ffs_opts->maxblkspercg, OPT_INT32,
171 	      1, INT_MAX, "max # of blocks per group" },
172 	    { 'v', "version", &ffs_opts->version, OPT_INT32,
173 	      1, 2, "UFS version" },
174 	    { 'o', "optimization", NULL, OPT_STRBUF,
175 	      0, 0, "Optimization (time|space)" },
176 	    { 'l', "label", ffs_opts->label, OPT_STRARRAY,
177 	      1, sizeof(ffs_opts->label), "UFS label" },
178 	    { 's', "softupdates", &ffs_opts->softupdates, OPT_INT32,
179 	      0, 1, "enable softupdates" },
180 	    { .name = NULL }
181 	};
182 
183 	ffs_opts->bsize= -1;
184 	ffs_opts->fsize= -1;
185 	ffs_opts->cpg= -1;
186 	ffs_opts->density= -1;
187 	ffs_opts->minfree= -1;
188 	ffs_opts->optimization= -1;
189 	ffs_opts->maxcontig= -1;
190 	ffs_opts->maxbpg= -1;
191 	ffs_opts->avgfilesize= -1;
192 	ffs_opts->avgfpdir= -1;
193 	ffs_opts->version = 1;
194 	ffs_opts->softupdates = 0;
195 
196 	fsopts->fs_specific = ffs_opts;
197 	fsopts->fs_options = copy_opts(ffs_options);
198 }
199 
200 void
201 ffs_cleanup_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
202 {
203 	free(fsopts->fs_specific);
204 	free(fsopts->fs_options);
205 }
206 
207 int
208 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
209 {
210 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
211 	option_t *ffs_options = fsopts->fs_options;
212 	char buf[1024];
213 
214 	int	rv;
215 
216 	assert(option != NULL);
217 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
218 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
219 
220 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
221 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
222 
223 	rv = set_option(ffs_options, option, buf, sizeof(buf));
224 	if (rv == -1)
225 		return 0;
226 
227 	if (ffs_options[rv].name == NULL)
228 		abort();
229 
230 	switch (ffs_options[rv].letter) {
231 	case 'o':
232 		if (strcmp(buf, "time") == 0) {
233 			ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
234 		} else if (strcmp(buf, "space") == 0) {
235 			ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
236 		} else {
237 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", buf);
238 			return 0;
239 		}
240 		break;
241 	default:
242 		break;
243 	}
244 	return 1;
245 }
246 
247 
248 void
249 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
250 {
251 	struct fs	*superblock;
252 	struct timeval	start;
253 
254 	assert(image != NULL);
255 	assert(dir != NULL);
256 	assert(root != NULL);
257 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
258 
259 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
260 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
261 		    image, dir, root);
262 
263 		/* validate tree and options */
264 	TIMER_START(start);
265 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
266 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
267 
268 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
269 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
270 
271 		/* create image */
272 	TIMER_START(start);
273 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
274 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
275 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
276 
277 	fsopts->curinode = UFS_ROOTINO;
278 
279 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
280 		putchar('\n');
281 
282 		/* populate image */
283 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
284 	TIMER_START(start);
285 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
286 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
287 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
288 
289 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
290 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
291 		bcleanup();
292 
293 		/* update various superblock parameters */
294 	superblock = fsopts->superblock;
295 	superblock->fs_fmod = 0;
296 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir   = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
297 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
298 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
299 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
300 
301 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
302 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
303 	if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
304 		err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
305 	fsopts->fd = -1;
306 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
307 }
308 
309 	/* end of public functions */
310 
311 
312 static void
313 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
314 {
315 	int32_t	ncg = 1;
316 #if notyet
317 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
318 #endif
319 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
320 
321 	assert(dir != NULL);
322 	assert(root != NULL);
323 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
324 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
325 
326 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
327 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
328 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
329 	}
330 
331 		/* set FFS defaults */
332 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
333 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
334 	if (ffs_opts->fsize == -1)
335 		ffs_opts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
336 	if (ffs_opts->bsize == -1)
337 		ffs_opts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * ffs_opts->fsize);
338 	if (ffs_opts->cpg == -1)
339 		ffs_opts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
340 	else
341 		ffs_opts->cpgflg = 1;
342 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
343 	if (ffs_opts->nsectors == -1)
344 		ffs_opts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
345 	if (ffs_opts->minfree == -1)
346 		ffs_opts->minfree = MINFREE;
347 	if (ffs_opts->optimization == -1)
348 		ffs_opts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
349 	if (ffs_opts->maxcontig == -1)
350 		ffs_opts->maxcontig =
351 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, FFS_MAXBSIZE) / ffs_opts->bsize);
352 	/* XXX ondisk32 */
353 	if (ffs_opts->maxbpg == -1)
354 		ffs_opts->maxbpg = ffs_opts->bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
355 	if (ffs_opts->avgfilesize == -1)
356 		ffs_opts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
357 	if (ffs_opts->avgfpdir == -1)
358 		ffs_opts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
359 
360 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 &&
361 	    roundup(fsopts->minsize, ffs_opts->bsize) > fsopts->maxsize)
362 		errx(1, "`%s' minsize of %lld rounded up to ffs bsize of %d "
363 		    "exceeds maxsize %lld.  Lower bsize, or round the minimum "
364 		    "and maximum sizes to bsize.", dir,
365 		    (long long)fsopts->minsize, ffs_opts->bsize,
366 		    (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
367 
368 		/* calculate size of tree */
369 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
370 	fsopts->inodes += UFS_ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
371 
372 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
373 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
374 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
375 
376 		/* add requested slop */
377 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
378 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
379 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
380 		fsopts->inodes =
381 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
382 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
383 		fsopts->size =
384 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
385 
386 		/* add space needed for superblocks */
387 	/*
388 	 * The old SBOFF (SBLOCK_UFS1) is used here because makefs is
389 	 * typically used for small filesystems where space matters.
390 	 * XXX make this an option.
391 	 */
392 	fsopts->size += (SBLOCK_UFS1 + SBLOCKSIZE) * ncg;
393 		/* add space needed to store inodes, x3 for blockmaps, etc */
394 	if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
395 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE1_SIZE *
396 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg,
397 			ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE1_SIZE);
398 	else
399 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE2_SIZE *
400 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg,
401 			ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE2_SIZE);
402 
403 		/* add minfree */
404 	if (ffs_opts->minfree > 0)
405 		fsopts->size =
406 		    fsopts->size * (100 + ffs_opts->minfree) / 100;
407 	/*
408 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, bitmaps, etc ??
409 	 */
410 
411 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
412 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
413 
414 		/* round up to the next block */
415 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, ffs_opts->bsize);
416 
417 		/* round up to requested block size, if any */
418 	if (fsopts->roundup > 0)
419 		fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->roundup);
420 
421 		/* calculate density if necessary */
422 	if (ffs_opts->density == -1)
423 		ffs_opts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
424 
425 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
426 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
427 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
428 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
429 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
430 	}
431 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
432 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
433 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
434 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
435 	}
436 }
437 
438 
439 static void
440 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
441 {
442 
443 	ffs_opt_t	*fs = f->fs_specific;
444 
445 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
446 
447 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
448 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
449 
450 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
451 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
452 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
453 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
454 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
455 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
456 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
457 
458 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
459 	    fs->bsize, fs->fsize, fs->cpg, fs->density);
460 	printf("\tnsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
461 	    fs->nsectors, fs->rpm, fs->minfree);
462 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, maxbpg %d\n",
463 	    fs->maxcontig, fs->maxbpg);
464 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
465 	    fs->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
466 }
467 
468 
469 static int
470 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
471 {
472 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
473 	struct statvfs	sfs;
474 #endif
475 	struct fs	*fs;
476 	char	*buf;
477 	int	i, bufsize;
478 	off_t	bufrem;
479 	int	oflags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
480 	time_t	tstamp;
481 
482 	assert (image != NULL);
483 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
484 
485 		/* create image */
486 	if (fsopts->offset == 0)
487 		oflags |= O_TRUNC;
488 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, oflags, 0666)) == -1) {
489 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
490 		return (-1);
491 	}
492 
493 		/* zero image */
494 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
495 	if (fstatvfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
496 #endif
497 		bufsize = 8192;
498 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
499 		warn("can't fstatvfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
500 		    image, bufsize);
501 	} else
502 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
503 #endif
504 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
505 	if (fsopts->sparse) {
506 		if (ftruncate(fsopts->fd, bufrem) == -1) {
507 			warn("sparse option disabled.");
508 			fsopts->sparse = 0;
509 		}
510 	}
511 	if (fsopts->sparse) {
512 		/* File truncated at bufrem. Remaining is 0 */
513 		bufrem = 0;
514 		buf = NULL;
515 	} else {
516 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
517 			printf("zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, "
518 			    "using %d byte chunks\n", image, (long long)bufrem,
519 			    bufsize);
520 		buf = ecalloc(1, bufsize);
521 	}
522 
523 	if (fsopts->offset != 0)
524 		if (lseek(fsopts->fd, fsopts->offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
525 			warn("can't seek");
526 			free(buf);
527 			return -1;
528 		}
529 
530 	while (bufrem > 0) {
531 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
532 		if (i == -1) {
533 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
534 			    (long long)bufrem);
535 			free(buf);
536 			return (-1);
537 		}
538 		bufrem -= i;
539 	}
540 	if (buf)
541 		free(buf);
542 
543 		/* make the file system */
544 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
545 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
546 
547 	if (stampst.st_ino != 0)
548 		tstamp = stampst.st_ctime;
549 	else
550 		tstamp = start_time.tv_sec;
551 
552 	srandom(tstamp);
553 
554 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts, tstamp);
555 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
556 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
557 		time_t t;
558 
559 		t = (time_t)((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
560 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
561 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
562 		printf("fs totals: nbfree %lld, nffree %lld, nifree %lld, ndir %lld\n",
563 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree,
564 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
565 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
566 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
567 	}
568 
569 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + UFS_ROOTINO < fsopts->inodes) {
570 		warnx(
571 		"Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
572 		    image,
573 		    (long long)(fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + UFS_ROOTINO),
574 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
575 		return (-1);
576 	}
577 	return (fsopts->fd);
578 }
579 
580 
581 static void
582 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
583 {
584 	struct direct	tmpdir;
585 	fsnode *	node;
586 	int		curdirsize, this;
587 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
588 
589 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
590 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
591 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
592 
593 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
594 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
595 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
596 
597 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
598 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
599 	this = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
600 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
601 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
602 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
603 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
604 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
605 	curdirsize += this;						\
606 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
607 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
608 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
609 } while (0);
610 
611 	/*
612 	 * XXX	this needs to take into account extra space consumed
613 	 *	by indirect blocks, etc.
614 	 */
615 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
616 	fsopts->size += roundup((x), ffs_opts->fsize);			\
617 } while (0);
618 
619 	curdirsize = 0;
620 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
621 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
622 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
623 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
624 			ADDDIRENT("..");
625 		} else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
626 				/* don't count duplicate names */
627 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
628 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
629 				printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
630 				    node->name,
631 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
632 			fsopts->inodes++;
633 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
634 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
635 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
636 				size_t slen;
637 
638 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
639 				if (slen >= (ffs_opts->version == 1 ?
640 						UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN :
641 						UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN))
642 					ADDSIZE(slen);
643 			}
644 		}
645 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
646 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
647 	}
648 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
649 
650 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
651 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
652 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
653 }
654 
655 static void *
656 ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
657 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
658 {
659 	size_t slen;
660 	void *membuf;
661 	struct stat *st = stampst.st_ino != 0 ? &stampst : &cur->inode->st;
662 
663 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
664 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
665 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
666 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
667 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
668 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
669 #endif
670 	dinp->di_gen = random();
671 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
672 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
673 
674 	dinp->di_atime = st->st_atime;
675 	dinp->di_mtime = st->st_mtime;
676 	dinp->di_ctime = st->st_ctime;
677 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
678 	dinp->di_atimensec = st->st_atimensec;
679 	dinp->di_mtimensec = st->st_mtimensec;
680 	dinp->di_ctimensec = st->st_ctimensec;
681 #endif
682 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
683 
684 	membuf = NULL;
685 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
686 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
687 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
688 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
689 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
690 		dinp->di_rdev =
691 		    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
692 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
693 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
694 		if (slen < UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
695 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
696 		} else
697 			membuf = cur->symlink;
698 		dinp->di_size = slen;
699 	}
700 	return membuf;
701 }
702 
703 static void *
704 ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
705 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
706 {
707 	size_t slen;
708 	void *membuf;
709 	struct stat *st = stampst.st_ino != 0 ? &stampst : &cur->inode->st;
710 
711 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
712 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
713 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
714 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
715 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
716 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
717 #endif
718 	dinp->di_gen = random();
719 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
720 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
721 
722 	dinp->di_atime = st->st_atime;
723 	dinp->di_mtime = st->st_mtime;
724 	dinp->di_ctime = st->st_ctime;
725 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
726 	dinp->di_atimensec = st->st_atimensec;
727 	dinp->di_mtimensec = st->st_mtimensec;
728 	dinp->di_ctimensec = st->st_ctimensec;
729 #endif
730 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
731 	dinp->di_birthtime = st->st_birthtime;
732 	dinp->di_birthnsec = st->st_birthtimensec;
733 #endif
734 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
735 
736 	membuf = NULL;
737 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
738 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
739 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
740 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
741 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
742 		dinp->di_rdev =
743 		    ufs_rw64(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
744 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
745 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
746 		if (slen < UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
747 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
748 		} else
749 			membuf = cur->symlink;
750 		dinp->di_size = slen;
751 	}
752 	return membuf;
753 }
754 
755 static int
756 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
757 {
758 	fsnode		*cur;
759 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
760 	union dinode	din;
761 	void		*membuf;
762 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
763 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
764 
765 	assert(dir != NULL);
766 	assert(root != NULL);
767 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
768 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
769 
770 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
771 
772 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
773 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
774 
775 		/*
776 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
777 		 */
778 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
779 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
780 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
781 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
782 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
783 			else {
784 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
785 				fsopts->curinode++;
786 			}
787 		}
788 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
789 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
790 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
791 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
792 			    fsopts->needswap);
793 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
794 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
795 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
796 
797 		/*
798 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
799 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
800 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
801 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
802 		 */
803 	}
804 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
805 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
806 
807 		/*
808 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
809 		 */
810 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
811 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
812 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
813 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
814 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
815 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
816 
817 		if (cur->contents == NULL) {
818 			if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/%s", cur->root,
819 			    cur->path, cur->name) >= (int)sizeof(path))
820 				errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
821 		}
822 
823 		if (cur->child != NULL)
824 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
825 
826 				/* build on-disk inode */
827 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
828 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode1(&din.ffs1_din, &dirbuf, cur,
829 			    root, fsopts);
830 		else
831 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode2(&din.ffs2_din, &dirbuf, cur,
832 			    root, fsopts);
833 
834 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
835 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
836 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
837 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
838 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
839 			putchar('\n');
840 		}
841 
842 		if (membuf != NULL) {
843 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
844 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
845 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino,
846 			    (cur->contents) ?  cur->contents : path, fsopts);
847 		} else {
848 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
849 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
850 		}
851 	}
852 
853 		/*
854 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
855 		 */
856 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
857 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
858 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
859 		if (cur->child == NULL)
860 			continue;
861 		if ((size_t)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir,
862 		    cur->name) >= sizeof(path))
863 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
864 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
865 			return (0);
866 	}
867 
868 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
869 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
870 
871 		/* cleanup */
872 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
873 		free(dirbuf.buf);
874 	return (1);
875 }
876 
877 
878 static void
879 ffs_write_file(union dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
880 {
881 	int 	isfile, ffd;
882 	char	*fbuf, *p;
883 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
884 	ssize_t nread;
885 	struct inode	in;
886 	struct buf *	bp;
887 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
888 	struct vnode vp = { fsopts, NULL };
889 
890 	assert (din != NULL);
891 	assert (buf != NULL);
892 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
893 	assert (ffs_opts != NULL);
894 
895 	isfile = S_ISREG(DIP(din, mode));
896 	fbuf = NULL;
897 	ffd = -1;
898 	p = NULL;
899 
900 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
901 	in.i_devvp = &vp;
902 
903 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
904 		printf(
905 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
906 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
907 		    (long long)DIP(din, size));
908 		if (isfile)
909 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
910 		else
911 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
912 	}
913 
914 	in.i_number = ino;
915 	in.i_size = DIP(din, size);
916 	if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
917 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs1_din, &din->ffs1_din,
918 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs1_din));
919 	else
920 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs2_din, &din->ffs2_din,
921 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs2_din));
922 
923 	if (DIP(din, size) == 0)
924 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
925 
926 	if (isfile) {
927 		fbuf = emalloc(ffs_opts->bsize);
928 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY, 0444)) == -1) {
929 			warn("Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
930 			goto leave_ffs_write_file;
931 		}
932 	} else {
933 		p = buf;
934 	}
935 
936 	chunk = 0;
937 	for (bufleft = DIP(din, size); bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
938 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, ffs_opts->bsize);
939 		if (!isfile)
940 			;
941 		else if ((nread = read(ffd, fbuf, chunk)) == -1)
942 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
943 			    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
944 		else if (nread != chunk)
945 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go, "
946 			    "read %zd bytes, expected %ju bytes, does "
947 			    "metalog size= attribute mismatch source size?",
948 			    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft, nread,
949 			    (uintmax_t)chunk);
950 		else
951 			p = fbuf;
952 		offset = DIP(din, size) - bufleft;
953 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
954 			printf(
955 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
956 			    p, (long long)offset,
957 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
958 	/*
959 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
960 	 *
961 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
962 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
963 	 */
964 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
965  bad_ffs_write_file:
966 		if (errno != 0)
967 			err(1,
968 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
969 			    ino,
970 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
971 			      inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
972 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
973 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
974 		errno = bwrite(bp);
975 		if (errno != 0)
976 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
977 		brelse(bp, 0);
978 		if (!isfile)
979 			p += chunk;
980 	}
981 
982  write_inode_and_leave:
983 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
984 
985  leave_ffs_write_file:
986 	if (fbuf)
987 		free(fbuf);
988 	if (ffd != -1)
989 		close(ffd);
990 }
991 
992 
993 static void
994 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
995 {
996 	doff_t		i;
997 	struct direct	*de;
998 	uint16_t	reclen;
999 
1000 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
1001 	assert (dir != NULL);
1002 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
1003 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
1004 
1005 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
1006 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
1007 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
1008 		printf(
1009 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
1010 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
1011 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
1012 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
1013 		i += reclen;
1014 		assert(reclen > 0);
1015 	}
1016 }
1017 
1018 static void
1019 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
1020 {
1021 	struct direct	de, *dp;
1022 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
1023 	u_char		*newbuf;
1024 
1025 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
1026 	assert (name != NULL);
1027 	assert (node != NULL);
1028 					/* create direct entry */
1029 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
1030 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
1031 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
1032 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
1033 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
1034 	reclen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &de, needswap);
1035 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
1036 
1037 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
1038 	llen = 0;
1039 	if (dp != NULL)
1040 		llen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, dp, needswap);
1041 
1042 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
1043 		printf(
1044 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
1045 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
1046 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
1047 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
1048 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
1049 
1050 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
1051 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
1052 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
1053 			    dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
1054 		newbuf = erealloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
1055 		dbuf->buf = newbuf;
1056 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;
1057 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
1058 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
1059 	} else if (dp) {			/* shrink end of previous */
1060 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
1061 		dbuf->cur += llen;
1062 	}
1063 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
1064 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
1065 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
1066 }
1067 
1068 /*
1069  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
1070  */
1071 static void
1072 ffs_write_inode(union dinode *dp, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
1073 {
1074 	char 		*buf;
1075 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
1076 	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2, *dip;
1077 	struct cg	*cgp;
1078 	struct fs	*fs;
1079 	int		cg, cgino;
1080 	uint32_t	i;
1081 	daddr_t		d;
1082 	char		sbbuf[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
1083 	uint32_t	initediblk;
1084 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
1085 
1086 	assert (dp != NULL);
1087 	assert (ino > 0);
1088 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
1089 	assert (ffs_opts != NULL);
1090 
1091 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
1092 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
1093 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
1094 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
1095 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
1096 		    dp, ino, cg, cgino);
1097 
1098 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1099 	    fsopts);
1100 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
1101 	if (!cg_chkmagic_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
1102 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
1103 
1104 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
1105 
1106 	buf = emalloc(fs->fs_bsize);
1107 	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)buf;
1108 	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1109 
1110 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
1111 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
1112 		    ino);
1113 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
1114 		errx(1,
1115 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
1116 		    cg, ino);
1117 	setbit(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
1118 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
1119 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1120 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
1121 	if (S_ISDIR(DIP(dp, mode))) {
1122 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
1123 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1124 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
1125 	}
1126 
1127 	/*
1128 	 * Initialize inode blocks on the fly for UFS2.
1129 	 */
1130 	initediblk = ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1131 	if (ffs_opts->version == 2 && cgino + INOPB(fs) > initediblk &&
1132 	    initediblk < ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_niblk, fsopts->needswap)) {
1133 		memset(buf, 0, fs->fs_bsize);
1134 		dip = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1135 		for (i = 0; i < INOPB(fs); i++) {
1136 			dip->di_gen = random();
1137 			dip++;
1138 		}
1139 		ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs,
1140 				  cg * fs->fs_ipg + initediblk)),
1141 		    fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1142 		initediblk += INOPB(fs);
1143 		cgp->cg_initediblk = ufs_rw32(initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1144 	}
1145 
1146 
1147 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1148 	    fsopts);
1149 
1150 					/* now write inode */
1151 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
1152 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1153 	if (fsopts->needswap) {
1154 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
1155 			ffs_dinode1_swap(&dp->ffs1_din,
1156 			    &dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1157 		else
1158 			ffs_dinode2_swap(&dp->ffs2_din,
1159 			    &dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1160 	} else {
1161 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
1162 			dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs1_din;
1163 		else
1164 			dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs2_din;
1165 	}
1166 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1167 	free(buf);
1168 }
1169 
1170 void
1171 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
1172 {
1173 	va_list ap;
1174 
1175 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1176 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
1177 	va_end(ap);
1178 	exit(1);
1179 }
1180