xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision 1aaed33edb24c98a09130cd66667d6a795b6b2a8)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.44 2009/04/28 22:49:26 joerg Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*
38  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
39  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
40  *
41  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
43  * are met:
44  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
50  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
51  *    without specific prior written permission.
52  *
53  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
54  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
55  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
56  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
57  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
58  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
59  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
60  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
61  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
62  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
63  * SUCH DAMAGE.
64  *
65  *	@(#)ffs_alloc.c	8.19 (Berkeley) 7/13/95
66  */
67 
68 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
69 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
70 
71 #include <sys/param.h>
72 
73 #include <sys/mount.h>
74 
75 #include <assert.h>
76 #include <errno.h>
77 #include <fcntl.h>
78 #include <stdarg.h>
79 #include <stdint.h>
80 #include <stdio.h>
81 #include <stdlib.h>
82 #include <string.h>
83 #include <time.h>
84 #include <unistd.h>
85 
86 #include "makefs.h"
87 #include "ffs.h"
88 
89 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
90 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
91 #endif
92 
93 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
94 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
95 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
96 
97 
98 #include "ffs/ufs_bswap.h"
99 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
100 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
101 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
102 
103 #undef DIP
104 #define DIP(dp, field) \
105 	((ffs_opts->version == 1) ? \
106 	(dp)->ffs1_din.di_##field : (dp)->ffs2_din.di_##field)
107 
108 /*
109  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
110  */
111 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		1024		/* fragment size */
112 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		8192		/* block size */
113 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
114 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
115 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode */
116 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
117 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
118 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
119 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
120 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
121 
122 
123 typedef struct {
124 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
125 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
126 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
127 } dirbuf_t;
128 
129 
130 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
131 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
132 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
133 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
134 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
135 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
136 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
137 static	void	ffs_write_file(union dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
138 static	void	ffs_write_inode(union dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
139 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
140 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
141 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
142 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
143 
144 
145 
146 int	sectorsize;		/* XXX: for buf.c::getblk() */
147 
148 	/* publicly visible functions */
149 
150 void
151 ffs_prep_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
152 {
153 	ffs_opt_t *ffs_opts;
154 
155 	if ((ffs_opts = calloc(1, sizeof(ffs_opt_t))) == NULL)
156 		err(1, "Allocating memory for ffs_options");
157 
158 	fsopts->fs_specific = ffs_opts;
159 
160 	ffs_opts->bsize= -1;
161 	ffs_opts->fsize= -1;
162 	ffs_opts->cpg= -1;
163 	ffs_opts->density= -1;
164 	ffs_opts->minfree= -1;
165 	ffs_opts->optimization= -1;
166 	ffs_opts->maxcontig= -1;
167 	ffs_opts->maxbpg= -1;
168 	ffs_opts->avgfilesize= -1;
169 	ffs_opts->avgfpdir= -1;
170 	ffs_opts->version = 1;
171 }
172 
173 void
174 ffs_cleanup_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
175 {
176 	if (fsopts->fs_specific)
177 		free(fsopts->fs_specific);
178 }
179 
180 int
181 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
182 {
183 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
184 
185 	option_t ffs_options[] = {
186 		{ "bsize",	&ffs_opts->bsize,	1,	INT_MAX,
187 					"block size" },
188 		{ "fsize",	&ffs_opts->fsize,	1,	INT_MAX,
189 					"fragment size" },
190 		{ "density",	&ffs_opts->density,	1,	INT_MAX,
191 					"bytes per inode" },
192 		{ "minfree",	&ffs_opts->minfree,	0,	99,
193 					"minfree" },
194 		{ "maxbpf",	&ffs_opts->maxbpg,	1,	INT_MAX,
195 					"max blocks per file in a cg" },
196 		{ "avgfilesize", &ffs_opts->avgfilesize,1,	INT_MAX,
197 					"expected average file size" },
198 		{ "avgfpdir",	&ffs_opts->avgfpdir,	1,	INT_MAX,
199 					"expected # of files per directory" },
200 		{ "extent",	&ffs_opts->maxbsize,	1,	INT_MAX,
201 					"maximum # extent size" },
202 		{ "maxbpcg",	&ffs_opts->maxblkspercg,1,	INT_MAX,
203 					"max # of blocks per group" },
204 		{ "version",	&ffs_opts->version,	1,	2,
205 					"UFS version" },
206 		{ .name = NULL }
207 	};
208 
209 	char	*var, *val;
210 	int	rv;
211 
212 	assert(option != NULL);
213 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
214 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
215 
216 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
217 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
218 
219 	if ((var = strdup(option)) == NULL)
220 		err(1, "Allocating memory for copy of option string");
221 	rv = 0;
222 
223 	if ((val = strchr(var, '=')) == NULL) {
224 		warnx("Option `%s' doesn't contain a value", var);
225 		goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
226 	}
227 	*val++ = '\0';
228 
229 	if (strcmp(var, "optimization") == 0) {
230 		if (strcmp(val, "time") == 0) {
231 			ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
232 		} else if (strcmp(val, "space") == 0) {
233 			ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
234 		} else {
235 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", val);
236 			goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
237 		}
238 		rv = 1;
239 	} else if (strcmp(var, "label") == 0) {
240 		strlcpy(ffs_opts->label, val, sizeof(ffs_opts->label));
241 		rv = 1;
242 	} else
243 		rv = set_option(ffs_options, var, val);
244 
245  leave_ffs_parse_opts:
246 	if (var)
247 		free(var);
248 	return (rv);
249 }
250 
251 
252 void
253 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
254 {
255 	struct fs	*superblock;
256 	struct timeval	start;
257 
258 	assert(image != NULL);
259 	assert(dir != NULL);
260 	assert(root != NULL);
261 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
262 
263 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
264 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
265 		    image, dir, root);
266 
267 		/* validate tree and options */
268 	TIMER_START(start);
269 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
270 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
271 
272 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
273 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
274 
275 		/* create image */
276 	TIMER_START(start);
277 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
278 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
279 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
280 
281 	fsopts->curinode = ROOTINO;
282 
283 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
284 		putchar('\n');
285 
286 		/* populate image */
287 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
288 	TIMER_START(start);
289 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
290 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
291 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
292 
293 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
294 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
295 		bcleanup();
296 
297 		/* update various superblock parameters */
298 	superblock = fsopts->superblock;
299 	superblock->fs_fmod = 0;
300 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir   = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
301 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
302 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
303 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
304 
305 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
306 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
307 	if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
308 		err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
309 	fsopts->fd = -1;
310 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
311 }
312 
313 	/* end of public functions */
314 
315 
316 static void
317 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
318 {
319 	int32_t	ncg = 1;
320 #if notyet
321 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
322 #endif
323 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
324 
325 	assert(dir != NULL);
326 	assert(root != NULL);
327 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
328 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
329 
330 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
331 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
332 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
333 	}
334 
335 		/* set FFS defaults */
336 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
337 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
338 	if (ffs_opts->fsize == -1)
339 		ffs_opts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
340 	if (ffs_opts->bsize == -1)
341 		ffs_opts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * ffs_opts->fsize);
342 	if (ffs_opts->cpg == -1)
343 		ffs_opts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
344 	else
345 		ffs_opts->cpgflg = 1;
346 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
347 	if (ffs_opts->nsectors == -1)
348 		ffs_opts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
349 	if (ffs_opts->minfree == -1)
350 		ffs_opts->minfree = MINFREE;
351 	if (ffs_opts->optimization == -1)
352 		ffs_opts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
353 	if (ffs_opts->maxcontig == -1)
354 		ffs_opts->maxcontig =
355 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, FFS_MAXBSIZE) / ffs_opts->bsize);
356 	/* XXX ondisk32 */
357 	if (ffs_opts->maxbpg == -1)
358 		ffs_opts->maxbpg = ffs_opts->bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
359 	if (ffs_opts->avgfilesize == -1)
360 		ffs_opts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
361 	if (ffs_opts->avgfpdir == -1)
362 		ffs_opts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
363 
364 		/* calculate size of tree */
365 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
366 	fsopts->inodes += ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
367 
368 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
369 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
370 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
371 
372 		/* add requested slop */
373 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
374 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
375 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
376 		fsopts->inodes =
377 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
378 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
379 		fsopts->size =
380 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
381 
382 		/* add space needed for superblocks */
383 	/*
384 	 * The old SBOFF (SBLOCK_UFS1) is used here because makefs is
385 	 * typically used for small filesystems where space matters.
386 	 * XXX make this an option.
387 	 */
388 	fsopts->size += (SBLOCK_UFS1 + SBLOCKSIZE) * ncg;
389 		/* add space needed to store inodes, x3 for blockmaps, etc */
390 	if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
391 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE1_SIZE *
392 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg,
393 			ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE1_SIZE);
394 	else
395 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE2_SIZE *
396 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg,
397 			ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE2_SIZE);
398 
399 		/* add minfree */
400 	if (ffs_opts->minfree > 0)
401 		fsopts->size =
402 		    fsopts->size * (100 + ffs_opts->minfree) / 100;
403 	/*
404 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, bitmaps, etc ??
405 	 */
406 
407 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
408 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
409 
410 		/* round up to the next block */
411 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, ffs_opts->bsize);
412 
413 		/* calculate density if necessary */
414 	if (ffs_opts->density == -1)
415 		ffs_opts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
416 
417 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
418 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
419 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
420 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
421 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
422 	}
423 	sectorsize = fsopts->sectorsize;	/* XXX - see earlier */
424 
425 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
426 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
427 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
428 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
429 	}
430 }
431 
432 
433 static void
434 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
435 {
436 
437 	ffs_opt_t	*fs = f->fs_specific;
438 
439 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
440 
441 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
442 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
443 
444 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
445 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
446 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
447 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
448 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
449 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
450 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
451 
452 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
453 	    fs->bsize, fs->fsize, fs->cpg, fs->density);
454 	printf("\tnsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
455 	    fs->nsectors, fs->rpm, fs->minfree);
456 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, maxbpg %d\n",
457 	    fs->maxcontig, fs->maxbpg);
458 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
459 	    fs->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
460 }
461 
462 
463 static int
464 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
465 {
466 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
467 	struct statvfs	sfs;
468 #endif
469 	struct fs	*fs;
470 	char	*buf;
471 	int	i, bufsize;
472 	off_t	bufrem;
473 
474 	assert (image != NULL);
475 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
476 
477 		/* create image */
478 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666))
479 	    == -1) {
480 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
481 		return (-1);
482 	}
483 
484 		/* zero image */
485 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
486 	if (fstatvfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
487 #endif
488 		bufsize = 8192;
489 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
490 		warn("can't fstatvfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
491 		    image, bufsize);
492 	} else
493 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
494 #endif
495 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
496 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
497 		printf(
498 		    "zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, using %d byte chunks\n",
499 		    image, (long long)bufrem, bufsize);
500 	if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL) {
501 		warn("Can't create buffer for sector");
502 		return (-1);
503 	}
504 	while (bufrem > 0) {
505 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
506 		if (i == -1) {
507 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
508 			    (long long)bufrem);
509 			free(buf);
510 			return (-1);
511 		}
512 		bufrem -= i;
513 	}
514 	free(buf);
515 
516 		/* make the file system */
517 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
518 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
519 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts);
520 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
521 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
522 		time_t t;
523 
524 		t = (time_t)((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
525 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
526 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
527 		printf("fs totals: nbfree %lld, nffree %lld, nifree %lld, ndir %lld\n",
528 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree,
529 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
530 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
531 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
532 	}
533 
534 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + ROOTINO < fsopts->inodes) {
535 		warnx(
536 		"Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
537 		    image,
538 		    (long long)(fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + ROOTINO),
539 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
540 		return (-1);
541 	}
542 	return (fsopts->fd);
543 }
544 
545 
546 static void
547 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
548 {
549 	struct direct	tmpdir;
550 	fsnode *	node;
551 	int		curdirsize, this;
552 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
553 
554 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
555 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
556 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
557 
558 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
559 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
560 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
561 
562 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
563 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
564 	this = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
565 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
566 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
567 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
568 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
569 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
570 	curdirsize += this;						\
571 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
572 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
573 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
574 } while (0);
575 
576 	/*
577 	 * XXX	this needs to take into account extra space consumed
578 	 *	by indirect blocks, etc.
579 	 */
580 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
581 	fsopts->size += roundup((x), ffs_opts->fsize);			\
582 } while (0);
583 
584 	curdirsize = 0;
585 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
586 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
587 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
588 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
589 			ADDDIRENT("..");
590 		} else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
591 				/* don't count duplicate names */
592 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
593 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
594 				printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
595 				    node->name,
596 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
597 			fsopts->inodes++;
598 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
599 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
600 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
601 				int	slen;
602 
603 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
604 				if (slen >= (ffs_opts->version == 1 ?
605 						MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1 :
606 						MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS2))
607 					ADDSIZE(slen);
608 			}
609 		}
610 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
611 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
612 	}
613 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
614 
615 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
616 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
617 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
618 }
619 
620 static void *
621 ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
622 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
623 {
624 	int slen;
625 	void *membuf;
626 
627 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
628 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
629 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
630 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
631 	dinp->di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
632 	dinp->di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
633 	dinp->di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
634 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
635 	dinp->di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
636 	dinp->di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
637 	dinp->di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
638 #endif
639 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
640 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
641 #endif
642 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
643 	dinp->di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
644 #endif
645 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
646 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
647 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
648 
649 	membuf = NULL;
650 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
651 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
652 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
653 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
654 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
655 		dinp->di_rdev =
656 		    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
657 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
658 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
659 		if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1) {	/* short link */
660 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
661 		} else
662 			membuf = cur->symlink;
663 		dinp->di_size = slen;
664 	}
665 	return membuf;
666 }
667 
668 static void *
669 ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
670 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
671 {
672 	int slen;
673 	void *membuf;
674 
675 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
676 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
677 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
678 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
679 	dinp->di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
680 	dinp->di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
681 	dinp->di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
682 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
683 	dinp->di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
684 	dinp->di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
685 	dinp->di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
686 #endif
687 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
688 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
689 #endif
690 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
691 	dinp->di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
692 #endif
693 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
694 	dinp->di_birthtime = cur->inode->st.st_birthtime;
695 	dinp->di_birthnsec = cur->inode->st.st_birthtimensec;
696 #endif
697 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
698 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
699 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
700 
701 	membuf = NULL;
702 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
703 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
704 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
705 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
706 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
707 		dinp->di_rdev =
708 		    ufs_rw64(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
709 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
710 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
711 		if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS2) {	/* short link */
712 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
713 		} else
714 			membuf = cur->symlink;
715 		dinp->di_size = slen;
716 	}
717 	return membuf;
718 }
719 
720 static int
721 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
722 {
723 	fsnode		*cur;
724 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
725 	union dinode	din;
726 	void		*membuf;
727 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
728 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
729 
730 	assert(dir != NULL);
731 	assert(root != NULL);
732 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
733 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
734 
735 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
736 
737 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
738 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
739 
740 		/*
741 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
742 		 */
743 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
744 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
745 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
746 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
747 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
748 			else {
749 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
750 				fsopts->curinode++;
751 			}
752 		}
753 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
754 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
755 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
756 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
757 			    fsopts->needswap);
758 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
759 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
760 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
761 
762 		/*
763 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
764 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
765 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
766 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
767 		 */
768 	}
769 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
770 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
771 
772 		/*
773 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
774 		 */
775 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
776 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
777 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
778 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
779 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
780 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
781 
782 		if (cur->contents == NULL) {
783 			if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/%s", cur->root,
784 			    cur->path, cur->name) >= (int)sizeof(path))
785 				errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
786 		}
787 
788 		if (cur->child != NULL)
789 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
790 
791 				/* build on-disk inode */
792 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
793 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode1(&din.ffs1_din, &dirbuf, cur,
794 			    root, fsopts);
795 		else
796 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode2(&din.ffs2_din, &dirbuf, cur,
797 			    root, fsopts);
798 
799 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
800 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
801 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
802 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
803 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
804 			putchar('\n');
805 		}
806 
807 		if (membuf != NULL) {
808 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
809 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
810 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino,
811 			    (cur->contents) ?  cur->contents : path, fsopts);
812 		} else {
813 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
814 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
815 		}
816 	}
817 
818 		/*
819 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
820 		 */
821 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
822 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
823 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
824 		if (cur->child == NULL)
825 			continue;
826 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
827 		    >= sizeof(path))
828 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
829 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
830 			return (0);
831 	}
832 
833 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
834 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
835 
836 		/* cleanup */
837 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
838 		free(dirbuf.buf);
839 	return (1);
840 }
841 
842 
843 static void
844 ffs_write_file(union dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
845 {
846 	int 	isfile, ffd;
847 	char	*fbuf, *p;
848 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
849 	ssize_t nread;
850 	struct inode	in;
851 	struct buf *	bp;
852 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
853 
854 	assert (din != NULL);
855 	assert (buf != NULL);
856 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
857 	assert (ffs_opts != NULL);
858 
859 	isfile = S_ISREG(DIP(din, mode));
860 	fbuf = NULL;
861 	ffd = -1;
862 	p = NULL;
863 
864 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
865 
866 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
867 		printf(
868 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
869 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
870 		    (long long)DIP(din, size));
871 		if (isfile)
872 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
873 		else
874 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
875 	}
876 
877 	in.i_number = ino;
878 	in.i_size = DIP(din, size);
879 	if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
880 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs1_din, &din->ffs1_din,
881 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs1_din));
882 	else
883 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs2_din, &din->ffs2_din,
884 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs2_din));
885 	in.i_fd = fsopts->fd;
886 
887 	if (DIP(din, size) == 0)
888 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
889 
890 	if (isfile) {
891 		if ((fbuf = malloc(ffs_opts->bsize)) == NULL)
892 			err(1, "Allocating memory for write buffer");
893 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY, 0444)) == -1) {
894 			warn("Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
895 			goto leave_ffs_write_file;
896 		}
897 	} else {
898 		p = buf;
899 	}
900 
901 	chunk = 0;
902 	for (bufleft = DIP(din, size); bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
903 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, ffs_opts->bsize);
904 		if (!isfile)
905 			;
906 		else if ((nread = read(ffd, fbuf, chunk)) == -1)
907 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
908 			    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
909 		else if (nread != chunk)
910 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go, "
911 			    "read %zd bytes, expected %ju bytes, does "
912 			    "metalog size= attribute mismatch source size?",
913 			    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft, nread,
914 			    (uintmax_t)chunk);
915 		else
916 			p = fbuf;
917 		offset = DIP(din, size) - bufleft;
918 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
919 			printf(
920 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
921 			    p, (long long)offset,
922 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
923 	/*
924 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
925 	 *
926 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
927 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
928 	 */
929 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
930  bad_ffs_write_file:
931 		if (errno != 0)
932 			err(1,
933 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
934 			    ino,
935 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
936 			      inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
937 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
938 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
939 		errno = bwrite(bp);
940 		if (errno != 0)
941 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
942 		brelse(bp);
943 		if (!isfile)
944 			p += chunk;
945 	}
946 
947  write_inode_and_leave:
948 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
949 
950  leave_ffs_write_file:
951 	if (fbuf)
952 		free(fbuf);
953 	if (ffd != -1)
954 		close(ffd);
955 }
956 
957 
958 static void
959 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
960 {
961 	doff_t		i;
962 	struct direct	*de;
963 	uint16_t	reclen;
964 
965 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
966 	assert (dir != NULL);
967 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
968 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
969 
970 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
971 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
972 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
973 		printf(
974 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
975 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
976 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
977 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
978 		i += reclen;
979 		assert(reclen > 0);
980 	}
981 }
982 
983 static void
984 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
985 {
986 	struct direct	de, *dp;
987 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
988 	u_char		*newbuf;
989 
990 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
991 	assert (name != NULL);
992 	assert (node != NULL);
993 					/* create direct entry */
994 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
995 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
996 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
997 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
998 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
999 	reclen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &de, needswap);
1000 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
1001 
1002 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
1003 	llen = 0;
1004 	if (dp != NULL)
1005 		llen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, dp, needswap);
1006 
1007 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
1008 		printf(
1009 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
1010 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
1011 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
1012 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
1013 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
1014 
1015 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
1016 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
1017 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
1018 			    dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
1019 		if ((newbuf = realloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ)) == NULL)
1020 			err(1, "Allocating memory for directory buffer");
1021 		dbuf->buf = newbuf;
1022 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;
1023 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
1024 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
1025 	} else if (dp) {			/* shrink end of previous */
1026 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
1027 		dbuf->cur += llen;
1028 	}
1029 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
1030 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
1031 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
1032 }
1033 
1034 /*
1035  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
1036  */
1037 static void
1038 ffs_write_inode(union dinode *dp, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
1039 {
1040 	char 		*buf;
1041 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
1042 	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2, *dip;
1043 	struct cg	*cgp;
1044 	struct fs	*fs;
1045 	int		cg, cgino, i;
1046 	daddr_t		d;
1047 	char		sbbuf[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
1048 	int32_t		initediblk;
1049 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
1050 
1051 	assert (dp != NULL);
1052 	assert (ino > 0);
1053 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
1054 	assert (ffs_opts != NULL);
1055 
1056 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
1057 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
1058 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
1059 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
1060 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
1061 		    dp, ino, cg, cgino);
1062 
1063 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1064 	    fsopts);
1065 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
1066 	if (!cg_chkmagic_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
1067 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
1068 
1069 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
1070 
1071 	buf = malloc(fs->fs_bsize);
1072 	if (buf == NULL)
1073 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: can't alloc inode block", cg);
1074 
1075 	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)buf;
1076 	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1077 
1078 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
1079 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
1080 		    ino);
1081 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
1082 		errx(1,
1083 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
1084 		    cg, ino);
1085 	setbit(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
1086 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
1087 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1088 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
1089 	if (S_ISDIR(DIP(dp, mode))) {
1090 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
1091 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1092 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
1093 	}
1094 
1095 	/*
1096 	 * Initialize inode blocks on the fly for UFS2.
1097 	 */
1098 	initediblk = ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1099 	if (ffs_opts->version == 2 && cgino + INOPB(fs) > initediblk &&
1100 	    initediblk < ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_niblk, fsopts->needswap)) {
1101 		memset(buf, 0, fs->fs_bsize);
1102 		dip = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1103 		srandom(time(NULL));
1104 		for (i = 0; i < INOPB(fs); i++) {
1105 			dip->di_gen = random() / 2 + 1;
1106 			dip++;
1107 		}
1108 		ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs,
1109 				  cg * fs->fs_ipg + initediblk)),
1110 		    fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1111 		initediblk += INOPB(fs);
1112 		cgp->cg_initediblk = ufs_rw32(initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1113 	}
1114 
1115 
1116 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1117 	    fsopts);
1118 
1119 					/* now write inode */
1120 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
1121 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1122 	if (fsopts->needswap) {
1123 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
1124 			ffs_dinode1_swap(&dp->ffs1_din,
1125 			    &dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1126 		else
1127 			ffs_dinode2_swap(&dp->ffs2_din,
1128 			    &dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1129 	} else {
1130 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
1131 			dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs1_din;
1132 		else
1133 			dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs2_din;
1134 	}
1135 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1136 	free(buf);
1137 }
1138 
1139 void
1140 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
1141 {
1142 	va_list ap;
1143 
1144 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1145 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
1146 	va_end(ap);
1147 	exit(1);
1148 }
1149