xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision 076ad2f836d5f49dc1375f1677335a48fe0d4b82)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.45 2011/10/09 22:49:26 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*
38  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
39  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
40  *
41  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
43  * are met:
44  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
50  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
51  *    without specific prior written permission.
52  *
53  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
54  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
55  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
56  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
57  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
58  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
59  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
60  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
61  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
62  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
63  * SUCH DAMAGE.
64  *
65  *	@(#)ffs_alloc.c	8.19 (Berkeley) 7/13/95
66  */
67 
68 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
69 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
70 
71 #include <sys/param.h>
72 
73 #include <sys/mount.h>
74 
75 #include <assert.h>
76 #include <errno.h>
77 #include <fcntl.h>
78 #include <stdarg.h>
79 #include <stdint.h>
80 #include <stdio.h>
81 #include <stdlib.h>
82 #include <string.h>
83 #include <time.h>
84 #include <unistd.h>
85 
86 #include "makefs.h"
87 #include "ffs.h"
88 
89 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
90 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
91 #endif
92 
93 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
94 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
95 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
96 
97 
98 #include "ffs/ufs_bswap.h"
99 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
100 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
101 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
102 
103 #undef DIP
104 #define DIP(dp, field) \
105 	((ffs_opts->version == 1) ? \
106 	(dp)->ffs1_din.di_##field : (dp)->ffs2_din.di_##field)
107 
108 /*
109  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
110  */
111 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		1024		/* fragment size */
112 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		8192		/* block size */
113 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
114 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
115 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode */
116 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
117 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
118 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
119 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
120 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
121 
122 
123 typedef struct {
124 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
125 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
126 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
127 } dirbuf_t;
128 
129 
130 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
131 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
132 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
133 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
134 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
135 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
136 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
137 static	void	ffs_write_file(union dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
138 static	void	ffs_write_inode(union dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
139 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
140 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
141 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
142 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
143 
144 
145 
146 int	sectorsize;		/* XXX: for buf.c::getblk() */
147 
148 	/* publicly visible functions */
149 
150 void
151 ffs_prep_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
152 {
153 	ffs_opt_t *ffs_opts;
154 
155 	if ((ffs_opts = calloc(1, sizeof(ffs_opt_t))) == NULL)
156 		err(1, "Allocating memory for ffs_options");
157 
158 	fsopts->fs_specific = ffs_opts;
159 
160 	ffs_opts->bsize= -1;
161 	ffs_opts->fsize= -1;
162 	ffs_opts->cpg= -1;
163 	ffs_opts->density= -1;
164 	ffs_opts->minfree= -1;
165 	ffs_opts->optimization= -1;
166 	ffs_opts->maxcontig= -1;
167 	ffs_opts->maxbpg= -1;
168 	ffs_opts->avgfilesize= -1;
169 	ffs_opts->avgfpdir= -1;
170 	ffs_opts->version = 1;
171 }
172 
173 void
174 ffs_cleanup_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
175 {
176 	if (fsopts->fs_specific)
177 		free(fsopts->fs_specific);
178 }
179 
180 int
181 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
182 {
183 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
184 
185 	option_t ffs_options[] = {
186 		{ "bsize",	&ffs_opts->bsize,	1,	INT_MAX,
187 					"block size" },
188 		{ "fsize",	&ffs_opts->fsize,	1,	INT_MAX,
189 					"fragment size" },
190 		{ "density",	&ffs_opts->density,	1,	INT_MAX,
191 					"bytes per inode" },
192 		{ "minfree",	&ffs_opts->minfree,	0,	99,
193 					"minfree" },
194 		{ "maxbpg",	&ffs_opts->maxbpg,	1,	INT_MAX,
195 					"max blocks per file in a cg" },
196 		{ "avgfilesize", &ffs_opts->avgfilesize,1,	INT_MAX,
197 					"expected average file size" },
198 		{ "avgfpdir",	&ffs_opts->avgfpdir,	1,	INT_MAX,
199 					"expected # of files per directory" },
200 		{ "extent",	&ffs_opts->maxbsize,	1,	INT_MAX,
201 					"maximum # extent size" },
202 		{ "maxbpcg",	&ffs_opts->maxblkspercg,1,	INT_MAX,
203 					"max # of blocks per group" },
204 		{ "version",	&ffs_opts->version,	1,	2,
205 					"UFS version" },
206 		{ .name = NULL }
207 	};
208 
209 	char	*var, *val;
210 	int	rv;
211 
212 	assert(option != NULL);
213 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
214 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
215 
216 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
217 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
218 
219 	if ((var = strdup(option)) == NULL)
220 		err(1, "Allocating memory for copy of option string");
221 	rv = 0;
222 
223 	if ((val = strchr(var, '=')) == NULL) {
224 		warnx("Option `%s' doesn't contain a value", var);
225 		goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
226 	}
227 	*val++ = '\0';
228 
229 	if (strcmp(var, "optimization") == 0) {
230 		if (strcmp(val, "time") == 0) {
231 			ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
232 		} else if (strcmp(val, "space") == 0) {
233 			ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
234 		} else {
235 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", val);
236 			goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
237 		}
238 		rv = 1;
239 	} else if (strcmp(var, "label") == 0) {
240 		strlcpy(ffs_opts->label, val, sizeof(ffs_opts->label));
241 		rv = 1;
242 	} else
243 		rv = set_option(ffs_options, var, val);
244 
245  leave_ffs_parse_opts:
246 	if (var)
247 		free(var);
248 	return (rv);
249 }
250 
251 
252 void
253 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
254 {
255 	struct fs	*superblock;
256 	struct timeval	start;
257 
258 	assert(image != NULL);
259 	assert(dir != NULL);
260 	assert(root != NULL);
261 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
262 
263 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
264 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
265 		    image, dir, root);
266 
267 		/* validate tree and options */
268 	TIMER_START(start);
269 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
270 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
271 
272 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
273 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
274 
275 		/* create image */
276 	TIMER_START(start);
277 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
278 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
279 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
280 
281 	fsopts->curinode = UFS_ROOTINO;
282 
283 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
284 		putchar('\n');
285 
286 		/* populate image */
287 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
288 	TIMER_START(start);
289 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
290 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
291 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
292 
293 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
294 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
295 		bcleanup();
296 
297 		/* update various superblock parameters */
298 	superblock = fsopts->superblock;
299 	superblock->fs_fmod = 0;
300 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir   = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
301 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
302 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
303 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
304 
305 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
306 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
307 	if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
308 		err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
309 	fsopts->fd = -1;
310 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
311 }
312 
313 	/* end of public functions */
314 
315 
316 static void
317 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
318 {
319 	int32_t	ncg = 1;
320 #if notyet
321 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
322 #endif
323 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
324 
325 	assert(dir != NULL);
326 	assert(root != NULL);
327 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
328 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
329 
330 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
331 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
332 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
333 	}
334 
335 		/* set FFS defaults */
336 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
337 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
338 	if (ffs_opts->fsize == -1)
339 		ffs_opts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
340 	if (ffs_opts->bsize == -1)
341 		ffs_opts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * ffs_opts->fsize);
342 	if (ffs_opts->cpg == -1)
343 		ffs_opts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
344 	else
345 		ffs_opts->cpgflg = 1;
346 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
347 	if (ffs_opts->nsectors == -1)
348 		ffs_opts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
349 	if (ffs_opts->minfree == -1)
350 		ffs_opts->minfree = MINFREE;
351 	if (ffs_opts->optimization == -1)
352 		ffs_opts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
353 	if (ffs_opts->maxcontig == -1)
354 		ffs_opts->maxcontig =
355 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, FFS_MAXBSIZE) / ffs_opts->bsize);
356 	/* XXX ondisk32 */
357 	if (ffs_opts->maxbpg == -1)
358 		ffs_opts->maxbpg = ffs_opts->bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
359 	if (ffs_opts->avgfilesize == -1)
360 		ffs_opts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
361 	if (ffs_opts->avgfpdir == -1)
362 		ffs_opts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
363 
364 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 &&
365 	    roundup(fsopts->minsize, ffs_opts->bsize) > fsopts->maxsize)
366 		errx(1, "`%s' minsize of %lld rounded up to ffs bsize of %d "
367 		    "exceeds maxsize %lld.  Lower bsize, or round the minimum "
368 		    "and maximum sizes to bsize.", dir,
369 		    (long long)fsopts->minsize, ffs_opts->bsize,
370 		    (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
371 
372 		/* calculate size of tree */
373 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
374 	fsopts->inodes += UFS_ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
375 
376 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
377 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
378 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
379 
380 		/* add requested slop */
381 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
382 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
383 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
384 		fsopts->inodes =
385 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
386 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
387 		fsopts->size =
388 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
389 
390 		/* add space needed for superblocks */
391 	/*
392 	 * The old SBOFF (SBLOCK_UFS1) is used here because makefs is
393 	 * typically used for small filesystems where space matters.
394 	 * XXX make this an option.
395 	 */
396 	fsopts->size += (SBLOCK_UFS1 + SBLOCKSIZE) * ncg;
397 		/* add space needed to store inodes, x3 for blockmaps, etc */
398 	if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
399 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE1_SIZE *
400 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg,
401 			ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE1_SIZE);
402 	else
403 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE2_SIZE *
404 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg,
405 			ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE2_SIZE);
406 
407 		/* add minfree */
408 	if (ffs_opts->minfree > 0)
409 		fsopts->size =
410 		    fsopts->size * (100 + ffs_opts->minfree) / 100;
411 	/*
412 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, bitmaps, etc ??
413 	 */
414 
415 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
416 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
417 
418 		/* round up to the next block */
419 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, ffs_opts->bsize);
420 
421 		/* round up to requested block size, if any */
422 	if (fsopts->roundup > 0)
423 		fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->roundup);
424 
425 		/* calculate density if necessary */
426 	if (ffs_opts->density == -1)
427 		ffs_opts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
428 
429 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
430 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
431 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
432 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
433 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
434 	}
435 	sectorsize = fsopts->sectorsize;	/* XXX - see earlier */
436 
437 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
438 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
439 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
440 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
441 	}
442 }
443 
444 
445 static void
446 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
447 {
448 
449 	ffs_opt_t	*fs = f->fs_specific;
450 
451 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
452 
453 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
454 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
455 
456 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
457 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
458 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
459 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
460 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
461 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
462 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
463 
464 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
465 	    fs->bsize, fs->fsize, fs->cpg, fs->density);
466 	printf("\tnsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
467 	    fs->nsectors, fs->rpm, fs->minfree);
468 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, maxbpg %d\n",
469 	    fs->maxcontig, fs->maxbpg);
470 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
471 	    fs->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
472 }
473 
474 
475 static int
476 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
477 {
478 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
479 	struct statvfs	sfs;
480 #endif
481 	struct fs	*fs;
482 	char	*buf;
483 	int	i, bufsize;
484 	off_t	bufrem;
485 	time_t	tstamp;
486 
487 	assert (image != NULL);
488 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
489 
490 		/* create image */
491 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666))
492 	    == -1) {
493 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
494 		return (-1);
495 	}
496 
497 		/* zero image */
498 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
499 	if (fstatvfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
500 #endif
501 		bufsize = 8192;
502 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
503 		warn("can't fstatvfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
504 		    image, bufsize);
505 	} else
506 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
507 #endif
508 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
509 	if (fsopts->sparse) {
510 		if (ftruncate(fsopts->fd, bufrem) == -1) {
511 			warn("sparse option disabled.\n");
512 			fsopts->sparse = 0;
513 		}
514 	}
515 	if (fsopts->sparse) {
516 		/* File truncated at bufrem. Remaining is 0 */
517 		bufrem = 0;
518 		buf = NULL;
519 	} else {
520 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
521 			printf("zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, "
522 			    "using %d byte chunks\n", image, (long long)bufrem,
523 			    bufsize);
524 		if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL) {
525 			warn("Can't create buffer for sector");
526 			return (-1);
527 		}
528 	}
529 	while (bufrem > 0) {
530 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
531 		if (i == -1) {
532 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
533 			    (long long)bufrem);
534 			free(buf);
535 			return (-1);
536 		}
537 		bufrem -= i;
538 	}
539 	if (buf)
540 		free(buf);
541 
542 		/* make the file system */
543 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
544 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
545 
546 	if (stampst.st_ino != 0)
547 		tstamp = stampst.st_ctime;
548 	else
549 		tstamp = start_time.tv_sec;
550 
551 	srandom(tstamp);
552 
553 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts, tstamp);
554 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
555 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
556 		time_t t;
557 
558 		t = (time_t)((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
559 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
560 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
561 		printf("fs totals: nbfree %lld, nffree %lld, nifree %lld, ndir %lld\n",
562 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree,
563 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
564 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
565 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
566 	}
567 
568 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + UFS_ROOTINO < fsopts->inodes) {
569 		warnx(
570 		"Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
571 		    image,
572 		    (long long)(fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + UFS_ROOTINO),
573 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
574 		return (-1);
575 	}
576 	return (fsopts->fd);
577 }
578 
579 
580 static void
581 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
582 {
583 	struct direct	tmpdir;
584 	fsnode *	node;
585 	int		curdirsize, this;
586 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
587 
588 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
589 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
590 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
591 
592 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
593 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
594 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
595 
596 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
597 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
598 	this = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
599 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
600 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
601 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
602 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
603 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
604 	curdirsize += this;						\
605 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
606 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
607 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
608 } while (0);
609 
610 	/*
611 	 * XXX	this needs to take into account extra space consumed
612 	 *	by indirect blocks, etc.
613 	 */
614 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
615 	fsopts->size += roundup((x), ffs_opts->fsize);			\
616 } while (0);
617 
618 	curdirsize = 0;
619 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
620 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
621 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
622 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
623 			ADDDIRENT("..");
624 		} else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
625 				/* don't count duplicate names */
626 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
627 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
628 				printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
629 				    node->name,
630 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
631 			fsopts->inodes++;
632 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
633 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
634 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
635 				int	slen;
636 
637 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
638 				if (slen >= (ffs_opts->version == 1 ?
639 						UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN :
640 						UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN))
641 					ADDSIZE(slen);
642 			}
643 		}
644 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
645 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
646 	}
647 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
648 
649 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
650 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
651 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
652 }
653 
654 static void *
655 ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
656 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
657 {
658 	int slen;
659 	void *membuf;
660 	struct stat *st = stampst.st_ino != 0 ? &stampst : &cur->inode->st;
661 
662 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
663 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
664 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
665 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
666 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
667 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
668 #endif
669 	dinp->di_gen = random();
670 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
671 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
672 
673 	dinp->di_atime = st->st_atime;
674 	dinp->di_mtime = st->st_mtime;
675 	dinp->di_ctime = st->st_ctime;
676 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
677 	dinp->di_atimensec = st->st_atimensec;
678 	dinp->di_mtimensec = st->st_mtimensec;
679 	dinp->di_ctimensec = st->st_ctimensec;
680 #endif
681 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
682 
683 	membuf = NULL;
684 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
685 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
686 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
687 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
688 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
689 		dinp->di_rdev =
690 		    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
691 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
692 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
693 		if (slen < UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
694 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
695 		} else
696 			membuf = cur->symlink;
697 		dinp->di_size = slen;
698 	}
699 	return membuf;
700 }
701 
702 static void *
703 ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
704 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
705 {
706 	int slen;
707 	void *membuf;
708 	struct stat *st = stampst.st_ino != 0 ? &stampst : &cur->inode->st;
709 
710 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
711 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
712 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
713 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
714 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
715 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
716 #endif
717 	dinp->di_gen = random();
718 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
719 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
720 
721 	dinp->di_atime = st->st_atime;
722 	dinp->di_mtime = st->st_mtime;
723 	dinp->di_ctime = st->st_ctime;
724 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
725 	dinp->di_atimensec = st->st_atimensec;
726 	dinp->di_mtimensec = st->st_mtimensec;
727 	dinp->di_ctimensec = st->st_ctimensec;
728 #endif
729 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
730 	dinp->di_birthtime = st->st_birthtime;
731 	dinp->di_birthnsec = st->st_birthtimensec;
732 #endif
733 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
734 
735 	membuf = NULL;
736 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
737 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
738 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
739 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
740 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
741 		dinp->di_rdev =
742 		    ufs_rw64(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
743 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
744 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
745 		if (slen < UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
746 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
747 		} else
748 			membuf = cur->symlink;
749 		dinp->di_size = slen;
750 	}
751 	return membuf;
752 }
753 
754 static int
755 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
756 {
757 	fsnode		*cur;
758 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
759 	union dinode	din;
760 	void		*membuf;
761 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
762 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
763 
764 	assert(dir != NULL);
765 	assert(root != NULL);
766 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
767 	assert(ffs_opts != NULL);
768 
769 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
770 
771 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
772 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
773 
774 		/*
775 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
776 		 */
777 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
778 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
779 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
780 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
781 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
782 			else {
783 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
784 				fsopts->curinode++;
785 			}
786 		}
787 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
788 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
789 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
790 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
791 			    fsopts->needswap);
792 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
793 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
794 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
795 
796 		/*
797 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
798 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
799 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
800 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
801 		 */
802 	}
803 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
804 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
805 
806 		/*
807 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
808 		 */
809 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
810 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
811 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
812 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
813 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
814 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
815 
816 		if (cur->contents == NULL) {
817 			if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/%s", cur->root,
818 			    cur->path, cur->name) >= (int)sizeof(path))
819 				errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
820 		}
821 
822 		if (cur->child != NULL)
823 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
824 
825 				/* build on-disk inode */
826 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
827 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode1(&din.ffs1_din, &dirbuf, cur,
828 			    root, fsopts);
829 		else
830 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode2(&din.ffs2_din, &dirbuf, cur,
831 			    root, fsopts);
832 
833 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
834 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
835 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
836 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
837 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
838 			putchar('\n');
839 		}
840 
841 		if (membuf != NULL) {
842 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
843 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
844 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino,
845 			    (cur->contents) ?  cur->contents : path, fsopts);
846 		} else {
847 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
848 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
849 		}
850 	}
851 
852 		/*
853 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
854 		 */
855 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
856 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
857 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
858 		if (cur->child == NULL)
859 			continue;
860 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
861 		    >= sizeof(path))
862 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
863 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
864 			return (0);
865 	}
866 
867 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
868 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
869 
870 		/* cleanup */
871 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
872 		free(dirbuf.buf);
873 	return (1);
874 }
875 
876 
877 static void
878 ffs_write_file(union dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
879 {
880 	int 	isfile, ffd;
881 	char	*fbuf, *p;
882 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
883 	ssize_t nread;
884 	struct inode	in;
885 	struct buf *	bp;
886 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
887 
888 	assert (din != NULL);
889 	assert (buf != NULL);
890 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
891 	assert (ffs_opts != NULL);
892 
893 	isfile = S_ISREG(DIP(din, mode));
894 	fbuf = NULL;
895 	ffd = -1;
896 	p = NULL;
897 
898 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
899 
900 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
901 		printf(
902 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
903 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
904 		    (long long)DIP(din, size));
905 		if (isfile)
906 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
907 		else
908 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
909 	}
910 
911 	in.i_number = ino;
912 	in.i_size = DIP(din, size);
913 	if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
914 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs1_din, &din->ffs1_din,
915 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs1_din));
916 	else
917 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs2_din, &din->ffs2_din,
918 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs2_din));
919 	in.i_fd = fsopts->fd;
920 
921 	if (DIP(din, size) == 0)
922 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
923 
924 	if (isfile) {
925 		if ((fbuf = malloc(ffs_opts->bsize)) == NULL)
926 			err(1, "Allocating memory for write buffer");
927 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY, 0444)) == -1) {
928 			warn("Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
929 			goto leave_ffs_write_file;
930 		}
931 	} else {
932 		p = buf;
933 	}
934 
935 	chunk = 0;
936 	for (bufleft = DIP(din, size); bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
937 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, ffs_opts->bsize);
938 		if (!isfile)
939 			;
940 		else if ((nread = read(ffd, fbuf, chunk)) == -1)
941 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
942 			    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
943 		else if (nread != chunk)
944 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go, "
945 			    "read %zd bytes, expected %ju bytes, does "
946 			    "metalog size= attribute mismatch source size?",
947 			    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft, nread,
948 			    (uintmax_t)chunk);
949 		else
950 			p = fbuf;
951 		offset = DIP(din, size) - bufleft;
952 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
953 			printf(
954 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
955 			    p, (long long)offset,
956 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
957 	/*
958 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
959 	 *
960 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
961 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
962 	 */
963 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
964  bad_ffs_write_file:
965 		if (errno != 0)
966 			err(1,
967 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
968 			    ino,
969 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
970 			      inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
971 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
972 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
973 		errno = bwrite(bp);
974 		if (errno != 0)
975 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
976 		brelse(bp, 0);
977 		if (!isfile)
978 			p += chunk;
979 	}
980 
981  write_inode_and_leave:
982 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
983 
984  leave_ffs_write_file:
985 	if (fbuf)
986 		free(fbuf);
987 	if (ffd != -1)
988 		close(ffd);
989 }
990 
991 
992 static void
993 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
994 {
995 	doff_t		i;
996 	struct direct	*de;
997 	uint16_t	reclen;
998 
999 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
1000 	assert (dir != NULL);
1001 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
1002 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
1003 
1004 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
1005 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
1006 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
1007 		printf(
1008 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
1009 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
1010 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
1011 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
1012 		i += reclen;
1013 		assert(reclen > 0);
1014 	}
1015 }
1016 
1017 static void
1018 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
1019 {
1020 	struct direct	de, *dp;
1021 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
1022 	u_char		*newbuf;
1023 
1024 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
1025 	assert (name != NULL);
1026 	assert (node != NULL);
1027 					/* create direct entry */
1028 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
1029 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
1030 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
1031 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
1032 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
1033 	reclen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &de, needswap);
1034 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
1035 
1036 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
1037 	llen = 0;
1038 	if (dp != NULL)
1039 		llen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, dp, needswap);
1040 
1041 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
1042 		printf(
1043 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
1044 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
1045 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
1046 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
1047 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
1048 
1049 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
1050 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
1051 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
1052 			    dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
1053 		if ((newbuf = realloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ)) == NULL)
1054 			err(1, "Allocating memory for directory buffer");
1055 		dbuf->buf = newbuf;
1056 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;
1057 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
1058 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
1059 	} else if (dp) {			/* shrink end of previous */
1060 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
1061 		dbuf->cur += llen;
1062 	}
1063 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
1064 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
1065 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
1066 }
1067 
1068 /*
1069  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
1070  */
1071 static void
1072 ffs_write_inode(union dinode *dp, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
1073 {
1074 	char 		*buf;
1075 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
1076 	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2, *dip;
1077 	struct cg	*cgp;
1078 	struct fs	*fs;
1079 	int		cg, cgino, i;
1080 	daddr_t		d;
1081 	char		sbbuf[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
1082 	int32_t		initediblk;
1083 	ffs_opt_t	*ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
1084 
1085 	assert (dp != NULL);
1086 	assert (ino > 0);
1087 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
1088 	assert (ffs_opts != NULL);
1089 
1090 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
1091 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
1092 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
1093 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
1094 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
1095 		    dp, ino, cg, cgino);
1096 
1097 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1098 	    fsopts);
1099 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
1100 	if (!cg_chkmagic_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
1101 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
1102 
1103 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
1104 
1105 	buf = malloc(fs->fs_bsize);
1106 	if (buf == NULL)
1107 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: can't alloc inode block", cg);
1108 
1109 	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)buf;
1110 	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1111 
1112 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
1113 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
1114 		    ino);
1115 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
1116 		errx(1,
1117 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
1118 		    cg, ino);
1119 	setbit(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
1120 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
1121 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1122 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
1123 	if (S_ISDIR(DIP(dp, mode))) {
1124 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
1125 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1126 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
1127 	}
1128 
1129 	/*
1130 	 * Initialize inode blocks on the fly for UFS2.
1131 	 */
1132 	initediblk = ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1133 	if (ffs_opts->version == 2 && cgino + INOPB(fs) > initediblk &&
1134 	    initediblk < ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_niblk, fsopts->needswap)) {
1135 		memset(buf, 0, fs->fs_bsize);
1136 		dip = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1137 		for (i = 0; i < INOPB(fs); i++) {
1138 			dip->di_gen = random();
1139 			dip++;
1140 		}
1141 		ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs,
1142 				  cg * fs->fs_ipg + initediblk)),
1143 		    fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1144 		initediblk += INOPB(fs);
1145 		cgp->cg_initediblk = ufs_rw32(initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1146 	}
1147 
1148 
1149 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1150 	    fsopts);
1151 
1152 					/* now write inode */
1153 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
1154 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1155 	if (fsopts->needswap) {
1156 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
1157 			ffs_dinode1_swap(&dp->ffs1_din,
1158 			    &dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1159 		else
1160 			ffs_dinode2_swap(&dp->ffs2_din,
1161 			    &dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1162 	} else {
1163 		if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
1164 			dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs1_din;
1165 		else
1166 			dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs2_din;
1167 	}
1168 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1169 	free(buf);
1170 }
1171 
1172 void
1173 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
1174 {
1175 	va_list ap;
1176 
1177 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1178 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
1179 	va_end(ap);
1180 	exit(1);
1181 }
1182