xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/jail/jail.c (revision 397e83df75e0fcd0d3fcb95ae4d794cb7600fc89)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1999 Poul-Henning Kamp.
5  * Copyright (c) 2009-2012 James Gritton
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #include <sys/types.h>
31 #include <sys/stat.h>
32 #include <sys/socket.h>
33 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
34 
35 #include <arpa/inet.h>
36 #include <netinet/in.h>
37 
38 #include <err.h>
39 #include <errno.h>
40 #include <stdarg.h>
41 #include <stdio.h>
42 #include <stdlib.h>
43 #include <string.h>
44 #include <unistd.h>
45 
46 #include "jailp.h"
47 
48 #define JP_RDTUN(jp)	(((jp)->jp_ctltype & CTLFLAG_RDTUN) == CTLFLAG_RDTUN)
49 
50 struct permspec {
51 	const char	*name;
52 	enum intparam	ipnum;
53 	int		rev;
54 };
55 
56 int iflag;
57 int note_remove;
58 int verbose;
59 const char *separator = "\t";
60 
61 static void clear_persist(struct cfjail *j);
62 static int update_jail(struct cfjail *j);
63 static int rdtun_params(struct cfjail *j, int dofail);
64 static void running_jid(struct cfjail *j);
65 static void jail_quoted_warnx(const struct cfjail *j, const char *name_msg,
66     const char *noname_msg);
67 static int jailparam_set_note(const struct cfjail *j, struct jailparam *jp,
68     unsigned njp, int flags);
69 static void print_jail(FILE *fp, struct cfjail *j, int oldcl, int running);
70 static void print_param(FILE *fp, const struct cfparam *p, int sep, int doname);
71 static void show_jails(void);
72 static void quoted_print(FILE *fp, char *str);
73 static void usage(void) __dead2;
74 
75 static struct permspec perm_sysctl[] = {
76     { "security.jail.set_hostname_allowed", KP_ALLOW_SET_HOSTNAME, 0 },
77     { "security.jail.sysvipc_allowed", KP_ALLOW_SYSVIPC, 0 },
78     { "security.jail.allow_raw_sockets", KP_ALLOW_RAW_SOCKETS, 0 },
79     { "security.jail.chflags_allowed", KP_ALLOW_CHFLAGS, 0 },
80     { "security.jail.mount_allowed", KP_ALLOW_MOUNT, 0 },
81     { "security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only", KP_ALLOW_SOCKET_AF, 1 },
82 };
83 
84 static const enum intparam startcommands[] = {
85     IP__NULL,
86     IP_EXEC_PREPARE,
87 #ifdef INET
88     IP__IP4_IFADDR,
89 #endif
90 #ifdef INET6
91     IP__IP6_IFADDR,
92 #endif
93     IP_MOUNT,
94     IP__MOUNT_FROM_FSTAB,
95     IP_MOUNT_DEVFS,
96     IP_MOUNT_FDESCFS,
97     IP_MOUNT_PROCFS,
98     IP_EXEC_PRESTART,
99     IP__OP,
100     IP_EXEC_CREATED,
101     IP_ZFS_DATASET,
102     IP_VNET_INTERFACE,
103     IP_EXEC_START,
104     IP_COMMAND,
105     IP_EXEC_POSTSTART,
106     IP__NULL
107 };
108 
109 static const enum intparam stopcommands[] = {
110     IP__NULL,
111     IP_EXEC_PRESTOP,
112     IP_EXEC_STOP,
113     IP_STOP_TIMEOUT,
114     IP__OP,
115     IP_EXEC_POSTSTOP,
116     IP_MOUNT_PROCFS,
117     IP_MOUNT_FDESCFS,
118     IP_MOUNT_DEVFS,
119     IP__MOUNT_FROM_FSTAB,
120     IP_MOUNT,
121 #ifdef INET6
122     IP__IP6_IFADDR,
123 #endif
124 #ifdef INET
125     IP__IP4_IFADDR,
126 #endif
127     IP_EXEC_RELEASE,
128     IP__NULL
129 };
130 
131 static const enum intparam cleancommands[] = {
132     IP__NULL,
133     IP_EXEC_POSTSTOP,
134     IP_MOUNT_PROCFS,
135     IP_MOUNT_FDESCFS,
136     IP_MOUNT_DEVFS,
137     IP__MOUNT_FROM_FSTAB,
138     IP_MOUNT,
139 #ifdef INET6
140     IP__IP6_IFADDR,
141 #endif
142 #ifdef INET
143     IP__IP4_IFADDR,
144 #endif
145     IP_EXEC_RELEASE,
146     IP__NULL
147 };
148 
149 int
150 main(int argc, char **argv)
151 {
152 	struct stat st;
153 	FILE *jfp;
154 	struct cfjail *j;
155 	char *JidFile;
156 	const char *cfname;
157 	size_t sysvallen;
158 	unsigned op, pi;
159 	int ch, docf, dying_warned, error, i, oldcl, sysval;
160 	int dflag, eflag, Rflag;
161 #if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
162 	char *cs, *ncs;
163 #endif
164 #if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
165 	struct in6_addr addr6;
166 #endif
167 
168 	op = 0;
169 	dflag = eflag = Rflag = 0;
170 	docf = 1;
171 	cfname = CONF_FILE;
172 	JidFile = NULL;
173 
174 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cCde:f:hiJ:lmn:p:qrRs:u:U:v")) != -1) {
175 		switch (ch) {
176 		case 'c':
177 			op |= JF_START;
178 			break;
179 		case 'C':
180 			op |= JF_CLEANUP;
181 			break;
182 		case 'd':
183 			dflag = 1;
184 			break;
185 		case 'e':
186 			eflag = 1;
187 			separator = optarg;
188 			break;
189 		case 'f':
190 			cfname = optarg;
191 			break;
192 		case 'h':
193 #if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
194 			add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_IP_HOSTNAME, NULL);
195 #endif
196 			docf = 0;
197 			break;
198 		case 'i':
199 			iflag = 1;
200 			verbose = -1;
201 			break;
202 		case 'J':
203 			JidFile = optarg;
204 			break;
205 		case 'l':
206 			add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_CLEAN, NULL);
207 			docf = 0;
208 			break;
209 		case 'm':
210 			op |= JF_SET;
211 			break;
212 		case 'n':
213 			add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_NAME, optarg);
214 			docf = 0;
215 			break;
216 		case 'p':
217 			paralimit = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
218 			if (paralimit == 0)
219 				paralimit = -1;
220 			break;
221 		case 'q':
222 			verbose = -1;
223 			break;
224 		case 'r':
225 			op |= JF_STOP;
226 			break;
227 		case 'R':
228 			op |= JF_STOP;
229 			Rflag = 1;
230 			break;
231 		case 's':
232 			add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_SECURELEVEL, optarg);
233 			docf = 0;
234 			break;
235 		case 'u':
236 			add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_JAIL_USER, optarg);
237 			add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_SYSTEM_JAIL_USER, NULL);
238 			docf = 0;
239 			break;
240 		case 'U':
241 			add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_JAIL_USER, optarg);
242 			add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_SYSTEM_JAIL_USER,
243 			    "false");
244 			docf = 0;
245 			break;
246 		case 'v':
247 			verbose = 1;
248 			break;
249 		default:
250 			usage();
251 		}
252 	}
253 	argc -= optind;
254 	argv += optind;
255 
256 	if (eflag) {
257 		/* Just print list of all configured non-wildcard jails */
258 		if (op || argc > 0)
259 			usage();
260 		load_config(cfname);
261 		show_jails();
262 		exit(0);
263 	}
264 
265 	/* Find out which of the command line styles this is. */
266 	oldcl = 0;
267 	if (!op) {
268 		/* Old-style command line with four fixed parameters */
269 		if (argc < 4 || argv[0][0] != '/')
270 			usage();
271 		op = JF_START;
272 		docf = 0;
273 		oldcl = 1;
274 		add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_PATH, argv[0]);
275 		add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_HOST_HOSTNAME, argv[1]);
276 #if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
277 		if (argv[2][0] != '\0') {
278 			for (cs = argv[2];; cs = ncs + 1) {
279 				ncs = strchr(cs, ',');
280 				if (ncs)
281 					*ncs = '\0';
282 				add_param(NULL, NULL,
283 #if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
284 				    inet_pton(AF_INET6, cs, &addr6) == 1
285 				    ? KP_IP6_ADDR : KP_IP4_ADDR,
286 #elif defined(INET)
287 				    KP_IP4_ADDR,
288 #elif defined(INET6)
289 				    KP_IP6_ADDR,
290 #endif
291 				    cs);
292 				if (!ncs)
293 					break;
294 			}
295 		}
296 #endif
297 		for (i = 3; i < argc; i++)
298 			add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_COMMAND, argv[i]);
299 		/* Emulate the defaults from security.jail.* sysctls. */
300 		sysvallen = sizeof(sysval);
301 		if (sysctlbyname("security.jail.jailed", &sysval, &sysvallen,
302 		    NULL, 0) == 0 && sysval == 0) {
303 			for (pi = 0; pi < sizeof(perm_sysctl) /
304 			     sizeof(perm_sysctl[0]); pi++) {
305 				sysvallen = sizeof(sysval);
306 				if (sysctlbyname(perm_sysctl[pi].name,
307 				    &sysval, &sysvallen, NULL, 0) == 0)
308 					add_param(NULL, NULL,
309 					    perm_sysctl[pi].ipnum,
310 					    (sysval ? 1 : 0) ^
311 					    perm_sysctl[pi].rev
312 					    ? NULL : "false");
313 			}
314 		}
315 	} else if (op == JF_STOP) {
316 		/* Jail remove, perhaps using the config file */
317 		if (!docf || argc == 0)
318 			usage();
319 		if (!Rflag)
320 			for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
321 				if (strchr(argv[i], '='))
322 					usage();
323 		if ((docf = !Rflag &&
324 		     (!strcmp(cfname, "-") || stat(cfname, &st) == 0)))
325 			load_config(cfname);
326 		note_remove = docf || argc > 1 || wild_jail_name(argv[0]);
327 	} else if (argc > 1 || (argc == 1 && strchr(argv[0], '='))) {
328 		/* Single jail specified on the command line */
329 		if (Rflag || (op & JF_CLEANUP))
330 			usage();
331 		docf = 0;
332 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
333 			if (!strncmp(argv[i], "command", 7) &&
334 			    (argv[i][7] == '\0' || argv[i][7] == '=')) {
335 				if (argv[i][7]  == '=')
336 					add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_COMMAND,
337 					    argv[i] + 8);
338 				for (i++; i < argc; i++)
339 					add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_COMMAND,
340 					    argv[i]);
341 			}
342 #ifdef INET
343 			else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "ip4.addr=", 9)) {
344 				for (cs = argv[i] + 9;; cs = ncs + 1) {
345 					ncs = strchr(cs, ',');
346 					if (ncs)
347 						*ncs = '\0';
348 					add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_IP4_ADDR, cs);
349 					if (!ncs)
350 						break;
351 				}
352 			}
353 #endif
354 #ifdef INET6
355 			else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "ip6.addr=", 9)) {
356 				for (cs = argv[i] + 9;; cs = ncs + 1) {
357 					ncs = strchr(cs, ',');
358 					if (ncs)
359 						*ncs = '\0';
360 					add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_IP6_ADDR, cs);
361 					if (!ncs)
362 						break;
363 				}
364 			}
365 #endif
366 			else
367 				add_param(NULL, NULL, 0, argv[i]);
368 		}
369 	} else {
370 		/* From the config file, perhaps with a specified jail */
371 		if (Rflag || !docf)
372 			usage();
373 		load_config(cfname);
374 	}
375 
376 	/* Find out which jails will be run. */
377 	dep_setup(docf);
378 	error = 0;
379 	if ((op & JF_OP_MASK) == JF_STOP) {
380 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
381 			if (start_state(argv[i], docf, op, Rflag) < 0)
382 				error = 1;
383 	} else {
384 		if (start_state(argv[0], docf, op, 0) < 0)
385 			exit(1);
386 	}
387 
388 	jfp = NULL;
389 	if (JidFile != NULL) {
390 		jfp = fopen(JidFile, "w");
391 		if (jfp == NULL)
392 			err(1, "open %s", JidFile);
393 		setlinebuf(jfp);
394 	}
395 	setlinebuf(stdout);
396 
397 	/*
398 	 * The main loop: Get an available jail and perform the required
399 	 * operation on it.  When that is done, the jail may be finished,
400 	 * or it may go back for the next step.
401 	 */
402 	dying_warned = 0;
403 	while ((j = next_jail()))
404 	{
405 		if (j->flags & JF_FAILED) {
406 			error = 1;
407 			if (j->comparam == NULL) {
408 				dep_done(j, 0);
409 				continue;
410 			}
411 		}
412 		if (!(j->flags & JF_PARAMS))
413 		{
414 			j->flags |= JF_PARAMS;
415 			if (dflag)
416 				add_param(j, NULL, IP_ALLOW_DYING, NULL);
417 			if (check_intparams(j) < 0)
418 				continue;
419 			if ((j->flags & (JF_START | JF_SET)) &&
420 			    import_params(j) < 0)
421 				continue;
422 		}
423 		if (j->intparams[IP_ALLOW_DYING] && !dying_warned) {
424 			warnx("%s", "the 'allow.dying' parameter and '-d' flag "
425 			    "are deprecated and have no effect.");
426 			dying_warned = 1;
427 		}
428 		if (!j->jid)
429 			running_jid(j);
430 		if (finish_command(j))
431 			continue;
432 
433 		switch (j->flags & JF_OP_MASK) {
434 			/*
435 			 * These operations just turn into a different op
436 			 * depending on the jail's current status.
437 			 */
438 		case JF_START_SET:
439 			j->flags = j->jid < 0
440 			    ? (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) | JF_START : JF_SET;
441 			break;
442 		case JF_SET_RESTART:
443 			if (j->jid < 0 && !(j->flags & JF_CLEANUP)) {
444 				jail_quoted_warnx(j, "not found",
445 				    "no jail specified");
446 				failed(j);
447 				continue;
448 			}
449 			j->flags = rdtun_params(j, 0)
450 			    ? (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) | JF_RESTART : JF_SET;
451 			if (j->flags == JF_RESTART)
452 				dep_reset(j);
453 			break;
454 		case JF_START_SET_RESTART:
455 			j->flags = j->jid < 0 ? JF_START : rdtun_params(j, 0)
456 			    ? (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) | JF_RESTART : JF_SET;
457 			if (j->flags == JF_RESTART)
458 				dep_reset(j);
459 		}
460 
461 		switch (j->flags & JF_OP_MASK) {
462 		case JF_START:
463 			if (j->comparam == NULL) {
464 				if (j->jid > 0 &&
465 				    !(j->flags & (JF_DEPEND | JF_WILD))) {
466 					jail_quoted_warnx(j, "already exists",
467 					    NULL);
468 					failed(j);
469 					continue;
470 				}
471 				if (dep_check(j))
472 					continue;
473 				if (j->jid > 0)
474 					goto jail_create_done;
475 				if (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) {
476 					j->flags |= JF_STOP;
477 					j->comparam = cleancommands;
478 				} else
479 					j->comparam = startcommands;
480 				j->comparam = startcommands;
481 				j->comstring = NULL;
482 			}
483 			if (next_command(j))
484 				continue;
485 			if (j->flags & JF_STOP)
486 				goto jail_remove_done;
487 		jail_create_done:
488 			clear_persist(j);
489 			if (jfp != NULL)
490 				print_jail(jfp, j, oldcl, 1);
491 			dep_done(j, 0);
492 			break;
493 
494 		case JF_SET:
495 			if (j->jid < 0 && !(j->flags & JF_DEPEND)) {
496 				jail_quoted_warnx(j, "not found",
497 				    "no jail specified");
498 				failed(j);
499 				continue;
500 			}
501 			if (dep_check(j))
502 				continue;
503 			if (!(j->flags & JF_DEPEND)) {
504 				if (rdtun_params(j, 1) < 0 ||
505 				    update_jail(j) < 0)
506 					continue;
507 				if (verbose >= 0 && (j->name || verbose > 0))
508 					jail_note(j, "updated\n");
509 			}
510 			dep_done(j, 0);
511 			break;
512 
513 		case JF_STOP:
514 		case JF_RESTART:
515 			if (j->comparam == NULL) {
516 				if (dep_check(j))
517 					continue;
518 				if (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) {
519 					j->comparam = j->jid < 0
520 					    ? cleancommands : stopcommands;
521 				} else if (j->jid < 0) {
522 					if (!(j->flags & (JF_DEPEND|JF_WILD))) {
523 						if (verbose >= 0)
524 							jail_quoted_warnx(j,
525 							    "not found", NULL);
526 						failed(j);
527 					}
528 					goto jail_remove_done;
529 				}
530 				else
531 					j->comparam = stopcommands;
532 				j->comstring = NULL;
533 			} else if ((j->flags & JF_FAILED) && j->jid > 0)
534 				goto jail_remove_done;
535 			if (next_command(j))
536 				continue;
537 		jail_remove_done:
538 			dep_done(j, 0);
539 			if ((j->flags & (JF_START | JF_FAILED)) == JF_START) {
540 				j->comparam = NULL;
541 				j->flags &= ~(JF_STOP | JF_CLEANUP);
542 				dep_reset(j);
543 				requeue(j, j->ndeps ? &depend : &ready);
544 			}
545 			break;
546 		}
547 	}
548 
549 	if (jfp != NULL)
550 		fclose(jfp);
551 	exit(error);
552 }
553 
554 /*
555  * Mark a jail's failure for future handling.
556  */
557 void
558 failed(struct cfjail *j)
559 {
560 	j->flags |= JF_FAILED;
561 	TAILQ_REMOVE(j->queue, j, tq);
562 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&ready, j, tq);
563 	j->queue = &ready;
564 }
565 
566 /*
567  * Exit slightly more gracefully when out of memory.
568  */
569 void *
570 emalloc(size_t size)
571 {
572 	void *p;
573 
574 	p = malloc(size);
575 	if (!p)
576 		err(1, "malloc");
577 	return p;
578 }
579 
580 void *
581 erealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
582 {
583 	void *p;
584 
585 	p = realloc(ptr, size);
586 	if (!p)
587 		err(1, "malloc");
588 	return p;
589 }
590 
591 char *
592 estrdup(const char *str)
593 {
594 	char *ns;
595 
596 	ns = strdup(str);
597 	if (!ns)
598 		err(1, "malloc");
599 	return ns;
600 }
601 
602 /*
603  * Print a message including an optional jail name.
604  */
605 void
606 jail_note(const struct cfjail *j, const char *fmt, ...)
607 {
608 	va_list ap, tap;
609 	char *cs;
610 	size_t len;
611 
612 	va_start(ap, fmt);
613 	va_copy(tap, ap);
614 	len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, tap);
615 	va_end(tap);
616 	cs = alloca(len + 1);
617 	(void)vsnprintf(cs, len + 1, fmt, ap);
618 	va_end(ap);
619 	if (j->name)
620 		printf("%s: %s", j->name, cs);
621 	else
622 		printf("%s", cs);
623 }
624 
625 /*
626  * Print a warning message including an optional jail name.
627  */
628 void
629 jail_warnx(const struct cfjail *j, const char *fmt, ...)
630 {
631 	va_list ap, tap;
632 	char *cs;
633 	size_t len;
634 
635 	va_start(ap, fmt);
636 	va_copy(tap, ap);
637 	len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, tap);
638 	va_end(tap);
639 	cs = alloca(len + 1);
640 	(void)vsnprintf(cs, len + 1, fmt, ap);
641 	va_end(ap);
642 	if (j->name)
643 		warnx("%s: %s", j->name, cs);
644 	else
645 		warnx("%s", cs);
646 }
647 
648 /*
649  * Create a new jail.
650  */
651 int
652 create_jail(struct cfjail *j)
653 {
654 	struct stat st;
655 	struct jailparam *jp, *setparams, *sjp;
656 	const char *path;
657 	int dopersist, ns;
658 
659 	/*
660 	 * Check the jail's path, with a better error message than jail_set
661 	 * gives.
662 	 */
663 	if ((path = string_param(j->intparams[KP_PATH]))) {
664 		if (j->name != NULL && path[0] != '/') {
665 			jail_warnx(j, "path %s: not an absolute pathname",
666 			    path);
667 			return -1;
668 		}
669 		if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
670 			jail_warnx(j, "path %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
671 			return -1;
672 		}
673 		if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
674 			jail_warnx(j, "path %s: %s", path, strerror(ENOTDIR));
675 			return -1;
676 		}
677 	}
678 
679 	/*
680 	 * Copy all the parameters, except that "persist" is always set when
681 	 * there are commands to run later.
682 	 */
683 	dopersist = !bool_param(j->intparams[KP_PERSIST]) &&
684 	    (j->intparams[IP_EXEC_START] || j->intparams[IP_COMMAND] ||
685 	     j->intparams[IP_EXEC_POSTSTART]);
686 	sjp = setparams =
687 	    alloca((j->njp + dopersist) * sizeof(struct jailparam));
688 	if (dopersist && jailparam_init(sjp++, "persist") < 0) {
689 		jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
690 		return -1;
691 	}
692 	for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
693 		if (!dopersist || !equalopts(jp->jp_name, "persist"))
694 			*sjp++ = *jp;
695 	ns = sjp - setparams;
696 
697 	j->jid = jailparam_set_note(j, setparams, ns, JAIL_CREATE);
698 	if (j->jid < 0) {
699 		jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
700 		failed(j);
701 	}
702 	if (dopersist) {
703 		jailparam_free(setparams, 1);
704 		if (j->jid > 0)
705 			j->flags |= JF_PERSIST;
706 	}
707 	return j->jid;
708 }
709 
710 /*
711  * Remove a temporarily set "persist" parameter.
712  */
713 static void
714 clear_persist(struct cfjail *j)
715 {
716 	struct iovec jiov[4];
717 	int jid;
718 
719 	if (!(j->flags & JF_PERSIST))
720 		return;
721 	j->flags &= ~JF_PERSIST;
722 	jiov[0].iov_base = __DECONST(char *, "jid");
723 	jiov[0].iov_len = sizeof("jid");
724 	jiov[1].iov_base = &j->jid;
725 	jiov[1].iov_len = sizeof(j->jid);
726 	jiov[2].iov_base = __DECONST(char *, "nopersist");
727 	jiov[2].iov_len = sizeof("nopersist");
728 	jiov[3].iov_base = NULL;
729 	jiov[3].iov_len = 0;
730 	jid = jail_set(jiov, 4, JAIL_UPDATE);
731 	if (verbose > 0)
732 		jail_note(j, "jail_set(JAIL_UPDATE) jid=%d nopersist%s%s\n",
733 		    j->jid, jid < 0 ? ": " : "",
734 		    jid < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "");
735 }
736 
737 /*
738  * Set a jail's parameters.
739  */
740 static int
741 update_jail(struct cfjail *j)
742 {
743 	struct jailparam *jp, *setparams, *sjp;
744 	int ns, jid;
745 
746 	ns = 0;
747 	for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
748 		if (!JP_RDTUN(jp))
749 			ns++;
750 	if (ns == 0)
751 		return 0;
752 	sjp = setparams = alloca(++ns * sizeof(struct jailparam));
753 	if (jailparam_init(sjp, "jid") < 0 ||
754 	    jailparam_import_raw(sjp, &j->jid, sizeof j->jid) < 0) {
755 		jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
756 		failed(j);
757 		return -1;
758 	}
759 	for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
760 		if (!JP_RDTUN(jp))
761 			*++sjp = *jp;
762 
763 	jid = jailparam_set_note(j, setparams, ns, JAIL_UPDATE);
764 	if (jid < 0) {
765 		jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
766 		failed(j);
767 	}
768 	jailparam_free(setparams, 1);
769 	return jid;
770 }
771 
772 /*
773  * Return if a jail set would change any create-only parameters.
774  */
775 static int
776 rdtun_params(struct cfjail *j, int dofail)
777 {
778 	struct jailparam *jp, *rtparams, *rtjp;
779 	const void *jp_value;
780 	size_t jp_valuelen;
781 	int nrt, rval, bool_true;
782 
783 	if (j->flags & JF_RDTUN)
784 		return 0;
785 	j->flags |= JF_RDTUN;
786 	nrt = 0;
787 	for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
788 		if (JP_RDTUN(jp) && strcmp(jp->jp_name, "jid"))
789 			nrt++;
790 	if (nrt == 0)
791 		return 0;
792 	rtjp = rtparams = alloca(++nrt * sizeof(struct jailparam));
793 	if (jailparam_init(rtjp, "jid") < 0 ||
794 	    jailparam_import_raw(rtjp, &j->jid, sizeof j->jid) < 0) {
795 		jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
796 		exit(1);
797 	}
798 	for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
799 		if (JP_RDTUN(jp) && strcmp(jp->jp_name, "jid")) {
800 			*++rtjp = *jp;
801 			rtjp->jp_value = NULL;
802 		}
803 	rval = 0;
804 	if (jailparam_get(rtparams, nrt, 0) > 0) {
805 		rtjp = rtparams + 1;
806 		for (jp = j->jp; rtjp < rtparams + nrt; jp++) {
807 			if (JP_RDTUN(jp) && strcmp(jp->jp_name, "jid")) {
808 				jp_value = jp->jp_value;
809 				jp_valuelen = jp->jp_valuelen;
810 				if (jp_value == NULL && jp_valuelen > 0) {
811 					if (jp->jp_flags & (JP_BOOL |
812 					    JP_NOBOOL | JP_JAILSYS)) {
813 						bool_true = 1;
814 						jp_value = &bool_true;
815 						jp_valuelen = sizeof(bool_true);
816 					} else if ((jp->jp_ctltype & CTLTYPE) ==
817 					    CTLTYPE_STRING)
818 						jp_value = "";
819 					else
820 						jp_valuelen = 0;
821 				}
822 				if (rtjp->jp_valuelen != jp_valuelen ||
823 				    (CTLTYPE_STRING ? strncmp(rtjp->jp_value,
824 				    jp_value, jp_valuelen)
825 				    : memcmp(rtjp->jp_value, jp_value,
826 				    jp_valuelen))) {
827 					if (dofail) {
828 						jail_warnx(j, "%s cannot be "
829 						    "changed after creation",
830 						    jp->jp_name);
831 						failed(j);
832 						rval = -1;
833 					} else
834 						rval = 1;
835 					break;
836 				}
837 				rtjp++;
838 			}
839 		}
840 	}
841 	for (rtjp = rtparams + 1; rtjp < rtparams + nrt; rtjp++)
842 		rtjp->jp_name = NULL;
843 	jailparam_free(rtparams, nrt);
844 	return rval;
845 }
846 
847 /*
848  * Get the jail's jid if it is running.
849  */
850 static void
851 running_jid(struct cfjail *j)
852 {
853 	struct iovec jiov[2];
854 	const char *pval;
855 	char *ep;
856 	int jid;
857 
858 	if ((pval = string_param(j->intparams[KP_JID]))) {
859 		if (!(jid = strtol(pval, &ep, 10)) || *ep) {
860 			j->jid = -1;
861 			return;
862 		}
863 		jiov[0].iov_base = __DECONST(char *, "jid");
864 		jiov[0].iov_len = sizeof("jid");
865 		jiov[1].iov_base = &jid;
866 		jiov[1].iov_len = sizeof(jid);
867 	} else if ((pval = string_param(j->intparams[KP_NAME]))) {
868 		jiov[0].iov_base = __DECONST(char *, "name");
869 		jiov[0].iov_len = sizeof("name");
870 		jiov[1].iov_len = strlen(pval) + 1;
871 		jiov[1].iov_base = alloca(jiov[1].iov_len);
872 		strcpy(jiov[1].iov_base, pval);
873 	} else {
874 		j->jid = -1;
875 		return;
876 	}
877 	j->jid = jail_get(jiov, 2, 0);
878 }
879 
880 static void
881 jail_quoted_warnx(const struct cfjail *j, const char *name_msg,
882     const char *noname_msg)
883 {
884 	const char *pval;
885 
886 	if ((pval = j->name) || (pval = string_param(j->intparams[KP_JID])) ||
887 	    (pval = string_param(j->intparams[KP_NAME])))
888 		warnx("\"%s\" %s", pval, name_msg);
889 	else
890 		warnx("%s", noname_msg);
891 }
892 
893 /*
894  * Set jail parameters and possibly print them out.
895  */
896 static int
897 jailparam_set_note(const struct cfjail *j, struct jailparam *jp, unsigned njp,
898     int flags)
899 {
900 	char *value;
901 	int jid;
902 	unsigned i;
903 
904 	jid = jailparam_set(jp, njp, flags);
905 	if (verbose > 0) {
906 		jail_note(j, "jail_set(%s)",
907 		    (flags & (JAIL_CREATE | JAIL_UPDATE)) == JAIL_CREATE
908 		    ? "JAIL_CREATE" : "JAIL_UPDATE");
909 		for (i = 0; i < njp; i++) {
910 			printf(" %s", jp[i].jp_name);
911 			if (jp[i].jp_value == NULL)
912 				continue;
913 			putchar('=');
914 			value = jailparam_export(jp + i);
915 			if (value == NULL)
916 				err(1, "jailparam_export");
917 			quoted_print(stdout, value);
918 			free(value);
919 		}
920 		if (jid < 0)
921 			printf(": %s", strerror(errno));
922 		printf("\n");
923 	}
924 	return jid;
925 }
926 
927 /*
928  * Print a jail record.
929  */
930 static void
931 print_jail(FILE *fp, struct cfjail *j, int oldcl, int running)
932 {
933 	struct cfparam *p;
934 	int printsep;
935 
936 	if (oldcl) {
937 		if (running)
938 			fprintf(fp, "%d%s", j->jid, separator);
939 		print_param(fp, j->intparams[KP_PATH], ',', 0);
940 		fputs(separator, fp);
941 		print_param(fp, j->intparams[KP_HOST_HOSTNAME], ',', 0);
942 		fputs(separator, fp);
943 #ifdef INET
944 		print_param(fp, j->intparams[KP_IP4_ADDR], ',', 0);
945 #ifdef INET6
946 		if (j->intparams[KP_IP4_ADDR] &&
947 		    !TAILQ_EMPTY(&j->intparams[KP_IP4_ADDR]->val) &&
948 		    j->intparams[KP_IP6_ADDR] &&
949 		    !TAILQ_EMPTY(&j->intparams[KP_IP6_ADDR]->val))
950 		    putc(',', fp);
951 #endif
952 #endif
953 #ifdef INET6
954 		print_param(fp, j->intparams[KP_IP6_ADDR], ',', 0);
955 #endif
956 		fputs(separator, fp);
957 		print_param(fp, j->intparams[IP_COMMAND], ' ', 0);
958 	} else {
959 		printsep = 0;
960 		if (running) {
961 			fprintf(fp, "jid=%d", j->jid);
962 			printsep = 1;
963 		}
964 		TAILQ_FOREACH(p, &j->params, tq)
965 			if (strcmp(p->name, "jid")) {
966 				if (printsep)
967 					fputs(separator, fp);
968 				else
969 					printsep = 1;
970 				print_param(fp, p, ',', 1);
971 			}
972 	}
973 	putc('\n', fp);
974 }
975 
976 /*
977  * Exhibit list of all configured non-wildcard jails
978  */
979 static void
980 show_jails(void)
981 {
982 	struct cfjail *j;
983 
984 	TAILQ_FOREACH(j, &cfjails, tq)
985 		print_jail(stdout, j, 0, 0);
986 }
987 
988 /*
989  * Print a parameter value, or a name=value pair.
990  */
991 static void
992 print_param(FILE *fp, const struct cfparam *p, int sep, int doname)
993 {
994 	const struct cfstring *s, *ts;
995 
996 	if (doname)
997 		fputs(p->name, fp);
998 	if (p == NULL || TAILQ_EMPTY(&p->val))
999 		return;
1000 	if (doname)
1001 		putc('=', fp);
1002 	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(s, &p->val, tq, ts) {
1003 		quoted_print(fp, s->s);
1004 		if (ts != NULL)
1005 			putc(sep, fp);
1006 	}
1007 }
1008 
1009 /*
1010  * Print a string with quotes around spaces.
1011  */
1012 static void
1013 quoted_print(FILE *fp, char *str)
1014 {
1015 	int c, qc;
1016 	char *p = str;
1017 
1018 	qc = !*p ? '"'
1019 	    : strchr(p, '\'') ? '"'
1020 	    : strchr(p, '"') ? '\''
1021 	    : strchr(p, ' ') || strchr(p, '\t') ? '"'
1022 	    : 0;
1023 	if (qc)
1024 		putc(qc, fp);
1025 	while ((c = *p++)) {
1026 		if (c == '\\' || c == qc)
1027 			putc('\\', fp);
1028 		putc(c, fp);
1029 	}
1030 	if (qc)
1031 		putc(qc, fp);
1032 }
1033 
1034 static void
1035 usage(void)
1036 {
1037 
1038 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1039 	    "usage: jail [-dhilqv] [-J jid_file] [-u username] [-U username]\n"
1040 	    "            -[cmr] param=value ... [command=command ...]\n"
1041 	    "       jail [-dqv] [-f file] -[cmr] [jail]\n"
1042 	    "       jail [-qv] [-f file] -[rR] ['*' | jail ...]\n"
1043 	    "       jail [-dhilqv] [-J jid_file] [-u username] [-U username]\n"
1044 	    "            [-n jailname] [-s securelevel]\n"
1045 	    "            path hostname ip[,...] command ...\n"
1046 	    "       jail [-f file] -e separator\n");
1047 	exit(1);
1048 }
1049