xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/iostat/iostat.c (revision 6990ffd8a95caaba6858ad44ff1b3157d1efba8f)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001  Kenneth D. Merry
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
14  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  * $FreeBSD$
29  */
30 /*
31  * Parts of this program are derived from the original FreeBSD iostat
32  * program:
33  */
34 /*-
35  * Copyright (c) 1986, 1991, 1993
36  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
37  *
38  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
39  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
40  * are met:
41  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
43  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
44  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
45  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
46  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
47  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
48  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
49  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
50  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
51  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
52  *    without specific prior written permission.
53  *
54  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
55  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
56  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
57  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
58  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
59  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
60  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
61  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
62  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
63  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
64  * SUCH DAMAGE.
65  */
66 /*
67  * Ideas for the new iostat statistics output modes taken from the NetBSD
68  * version of iostat:
69  */
70 /*
71  * Copyright (c) 1996 John M. Vinopal
72  * All rights reserved.
73  *
74  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
75  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
76  * are met:
77  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
78  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
79  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
80  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
81  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
82  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
83  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
84  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
85  *      by John M. Vinopal.
86  * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
87  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
88  *
89  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
90  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
91  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
92  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
93  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
94  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
95  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
96  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
97  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
98  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
99  * SUCH DAMAGE.
100  */
101 
102 
103 #include <sys/param.h>
104 #include <sys/errno.h>
105 #include <sys/dkstat.h>
106 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
107 
108 #include <err.h>
109 #include <ctype.h>
110 #include <fcntl.h>
111 #include <kvm.h>
112 #include <signal.h>
113 #include <stdio.h>
114 #include <stdlib.h>
115 #include <string.h>
116 #include <unistd.h>
117 #include <limits.h>
118 #include <devstat.h>
119 #include <math.h>
120 
121 struct nlist namelist[] = {
122 #define X_TK_NIN	0
123 	{ "_tk_nin" },
124 #define X_TK_NOUT	1
125 	{ "_tk_nout" },
126 #define X_CP_TIME	2
127 	{ "_cp_time" },
128 #define X_BOOTTIME	3
129 	{ "_boottime" },
130 #define X_END		3
131 	{ NULL },
132 };
133 
134 struct statinfo cur, last;
135 int num_devices;
136 struct device_selection *dev_select;
137 int maxshowdevs;
138 int dflag = 0, Iflag = 0, Cflag = 0, Tflag = 0, oflag = 0, Kflag = 0;
139 volatile sig_atomic_t phdr_flag = 0;
140 
141 /* local function declarations */
142 static void usage(void);
143 static void phdr(int signo);
144 static void do_phdr();
145 static void devstats(int perf_select, long double etime, int havelast);
146 static void cpustats(void);
147 static int readvar(kvm_t *kd, const char *name, int nlid, void *ptr,
148 		   size_t len);
149 
150 static void
151 usage(void)
152 {
153 	/*
154 	 * We also support the following 'traditional' syntax:
155 	 * iostat [drives] [wait [count]]
156 	 * This isn't mentioned in the man page, or the usage statement,
157 	 * but it is supported.
158 	 */
159 	fprintf(stderr, "usage: iostat [-CdhIKoT?] [-c count] [-M core]"
160 		" [-n devs] [-N system]\n"
161 		"\t      [-t type,if,pass] [-w wait] [drives]\n");
162 }
163 
164 int
165 main(int argc, char **argv)
166 {
167 	int c;
168 	register int i;
169 	int tflag = 0, hflag = 0, cflag = 0, wflag = 0, nflag = 0;
170 	int count = 0, waittime = 0;
171 	char *memf = NULL, *nlistf = NULL;
172 	struct devstat_match *matches;
173 	int num_matches = 0;
174         char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
175 	kvm_t *kd = NULL;
176 	int headercount;
177 	long generation;
178 	int num_devices_specified;
179 	int num_selected, num_selections;
180 	long select_generation;
181 	char **specified_devices;
182 	devstat_select_mode select_mode;
183 	int havelast = 0;
184 
185 	matches = NULL;
186 	maxshowdevs = 3;
187 
188 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:CdhIKM:n:N:ot:Tw:?")) != -1) {
189 		switch(c) {
190 			case 'c':
191 				cflag++;
192 				count = atoi(optarg);
193 				if (count < 1)
194 					errx(1, "count %d is < 1", count);
195 				break;
196 			case 'C':
197 				Cflag++;
198 				break;
199 			case 'd':
200 				dflag++;
201 				break;
202 			case 'h':
203 				hflag++;
204 				break;
205 			case 'I':
206 				Iflag++;
207 				break;
208 			case 'K':
209 				Kflag++;
210 				break;
211 			case 'M':
212 				memf = optarg;
213 				break;
214 			case 'n':
215 				nflag++;
216 				maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
217 				if (maxshowdevs < 0)
218 					errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
219 					     maxshowdevs);
220 				break;
221 			case 'N':
222 				nlistf = optarg;
223 				break;
224 			case 'o':
225 				oflag++;
226 				break;
227 			case 't':
228 				tflag++;
229 				if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches,
230 						       &num_matches) != 0)
231 					errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
232 				break;
233 			case 'T':
234 				Tflag++;
235 				break;
236 			case 'w':
237 				wflag++;
238 				waittime = atoi(optarg);
239 				if (waittime < 1)
240 					errx(1, "wait time is < 1");
241 				break;
242 			default:
243 				usage();
244 				exit(1);
245 				break;
246 		}
247 	}
248 
249 	argc -= optind;
250 	argv += optind;
251 
252 	if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL) {
253 		kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
254 
255 		if (kd == NULL)
256 			errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
257 
258 		if (kvm_nlist(kd, namelist) == -1)
259 			errx(1, "kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
260 	}
261 
262 	/*
263 	 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the kernel
264 	 * devstat version.  If not, exit and print a message informing
265 	 * the user of his mistake.
266 	 */
267 	if (devstat_checkversion(kd) < 0)
268 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
269 
270 	/*
271 	 * Make sure Tflag and/or Cflag are set if dflag == 0.  If dflag is
272 	 * greater than 0, they may be 0 or non-zero.
273 	 */
274 	if (dflag == 0) {
275 		Cflag = 1;
276 		Tflag = 1;
277 	}
278 
279 	/*
280 	 * Figure out how many devices we should display.
281 	 */
282 	if (nflag == 0) {
283 		if (oflag > 0) {
284 			if ((dflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0) && (Tflag == 0))
285 				maxshowdevs = 5;
286 			else if ((dflag > 0) && (Tflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0))
287 				maxshowdevs = 5;
288 			else
289 				maxshowdevs = 4;
290 		} else {
291 			if ((dflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0))
292 				maxshowdevs = 4;
293 			else
294 				maxshowdevs = 3;
295 		}
296 	}
297 
298 	/* find out how many devices we have */
299 	if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(kd)) < 0)
300 		err(1, "can't get number of devices");
301 
302 	cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
303 	if (cur.dinfo == NULL)
304 		err(1, "malloc failed");
305 
306 	last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
307 	if (last.dinfo == NULL)
308 		err(1, "malloc failed");
309 
310 	bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
311 	bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
312 
313 	/*
314 	 * Grab all the devices.  We don't look to see if the list has
315 	 * changed here, since it almost certainly has.  We only look for
316 	 * errors.
317 	 */
318 	if (devstat_getdevs(kd, &cur) == -1)
319 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
320 
321 	num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
322 	generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
323 
324 	/*
325 	 * If the user specified any devices on the command line, see if
326 	 * they are in the list of devices we have now.
327 	 */
328 	specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
329 	if (specified_devices == NULL)
330 		err(1, "malloc failed");
331 
332 	for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
333 		if (isdigit(**argv))
334 			break;
335 		num_devices_specified++;
336 		specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
337 						     sizeof(char *) *
338 						     num_devices_specified);
339 		if (specified_devices == NULL)
340 			err(1, "realloc failed");
341 
342 		specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
343 
344 	}
345 	if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
346 		maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
347 
348 	dev_select = NULL;
349 
350 	if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0))
351 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
352 	else
353 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
354 
355 	/*
356 	 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
357 	 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
358 	 * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
359 	 */
360 	if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
361 			       &num_selections, &select_generation, generation,
362 			       cur.dinfo->devices, num_devices, matches,
363 			       num_matches, specified_devices,
364 			       num_devices_specified, select_mode, maxshowdevs,
365 			       hflag) == -1)
366 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
367 
368 	/*
369 	 * Look for the traditional wait time and count arguments.
370 	 */
371 	if (*argv) {
372 		waittime = atoi(*argv);
373 
374 		/* Let the user know he goofed, but keep going anyway */
375 		if (wflag != 0)
376 			warnx("discarding previous wait interval, using"
377 			      " %d instead", waittime);
378 		wflag++;
379 
380 		if (*++argv) {
381 			count = atoi(*argv);
382 			if (cflag != 0)
383 				warnx("discarding previous count, using %d"
384 				      " instead", count);
385 			cflag++;
386 		} else
387 			count = -1;
388 	}
389 
390 	/*
391 	 * If the user specified a count, but not an interval, we default
392 	 * to an interval of 1 second.
393 	 */
394 	if ((wflag == 0) && (cflag > 0))
395 		waittime = 1;
396 
397 	/*
398 	 * If the user specified a wait time, but not a count, we want to
399 	 * go on ad infinitum.  This can be redundant if the user uses the
400 	 * traditional method of specifying the wait, since in that case we
401 	 * already set count = -1 above.  Oh well.
402 	 */
403 	if ((wflag > 0) && (cflag == 0))
404 		count = -1;
405 
406 	bzero(&cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time));
407 	cur.tk_nout = 0;
408 	cur.tk_nin = 0;
409 
410 	/*
411 	 * Set the busy time to the system boot time, so the stats are
412 	 * calculated since system boot.
413 	 */
414 	if (readvar(kd, "kern.boottime", X_BOOTTIME, &cur.busy_time,
415 		    sizeof(cur.busy_time)) != 0)
416 		exit(1);
417 
418 	/*
419 	 * If the user stops the program (control-Z) and then resumes it,
420 	 * print out the header again.
421 	 */
422 	(void)signal(SIGCONT, phdr);
423 
424 	for (headercount = 1;;) {
425 		struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
426 		long tmp;
427 		long double etime;
428 
429 		if (Tflag > 0) {
430 			if ((readvar(kd, "kern.tty_nin", X_TK_NIN, &cur.tk_nin,
431 			     sizeof(cur.tk_nin)) != 0)
432 			 || (readvar(kd, "kern.tty_nout", X_TK_NOUT,
433 			     &cur.tk_nout, sizeof(cur.tk_nout))!= 0)) {
434 				Tflag = 0;
435 				warnx("disabling TTY statistics");
436 			}
437 		 }
438 
439 		if (phdr_flag) {
440 			phdr_flag = 0;
441 			do_phdr();
442 		}
443 
444 		if (Cflag > 0) {
445 			if (readvar(kd, "kern.cp_time", X_CP_TIME,
446 			    &cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time)) != 0) {
447 				Cflag = 0;
448 				warnx("disabling CPU time statistics");
449 			}
450 		}
451 
452 		if (!--headercount) {
453 			do_phdr();
454 			headercount = 20;
455 		}
456 
457 		tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
458 		last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
459 		cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
460 
461 		last.busy_time = cur.busy_time;
462 
463 		/*
464 		 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
465 		 * devstat_getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
466 		 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
467 		 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
468 		 * were previously displaying has gone away.
469 		 */
470 		switch (devstat_getdevs(kd, &cur)) {
471 		case -1:
472 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
473 			break;
474 		case 1: {
475 			int retval;
476 
477 			num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
478 			generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
479 			retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
480 						    &num_selections,
481 						    &select_generation,
482 						    generation,
483 						    cur.dinfo->devices,
484 						    num_devices, matches,
485 						    num_matches,
486 						    specified_devices,
487 						    num_devices_specified,
488 						    select_mode, maxshowdevs,
489 						    hflag);
490 			switch(retval) {
491 			case -1:
492 				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
493 				break;
494 			case 1:
495 				do_phdr();
496 				headercount = 20;
497 				break;
498 			default:
499 				break;
500 			}
501 			break;
502 		}
503 		default:
504 			break;
505 		}
506 
507 		/*
508 		 * We only want to re-select devices if we're in 'top'
509 		 * mode.  This is the only mode where the devices selected
510 		 * could actually change.
511 		 */
512 		if (hflag > 0) {
513 			int retval;
514 			retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
515 						    &num_selections,
516 						    &select_generation,
517 						    generation,
518 						    cur.dinfo->devices,
519 						    num_devices, matches,
520 						    num_matches,
521 						    specified_devices,
522 						    num_devices_specified,
523 						    select_mode, maxshowdevs,
524 						    hflag);
525 			switch(retval) {
526 			case -1:
527 				errx(1,"%s", devstat_errbuf);
528 				break;
529 			case 1:
530 				do_phdr();
531 				headercount = 20;
532 				break;
533 			default:
534 				break;
535 			}
536 		}
537 
538 		if (Tflag > 0) {
539 			tmp = cur.tk_nin;
540 			cur.tk_nin -= last.tk_nin;
541 			last.tk_nin = tmp;
542 			tmp = cur.tk_nout;
543 			cur.tk_nout -= last.tk_nout;
544 			last.tk_nout = tmp;
545 		}
546 
547 		etime = devstat_compute_etime(cur.busy_time, last.busy_time);
548 
549 		if (etime == 0.0)
550 			etime = 1.0;
551 
552 		for (i = 0; i < CPUSTATES; i++) {
553 			tmp = cur.cp_time[i];
554 			cur.cp_time[i] -= last.cp_time[i];
555 			last.cp_time[i] = tmp;
556 		}
557 
558 		if (Tflag > 0)
559 			printf("%4.0Lf%5.0Lf", cur.tk_nin / etime,
560 				cur.tk_nout/etime);
561 
562 		devstats(hflag, etime, havelast);
563 
564 		if (Cflag > 0)
565 			cpustats();
566 
567 		printf("\n");
568 		fflush(stdout);
569 
570 		if (count >= 0 && --count <= 0)
571 			break;
572 
573 		sleep(waittime);
574 		havelast = 1;
575 	}
576 
577 	exit(0);
578 }
579 
580 static void
581 phdr(int signo)
582 {
583 
584 	phdr_flag = 1;
585 }
586 
587 static void
588 do_phdr()
589 {
590 	register int i;
591 	int printed;
592 
593 	if (Tflag > 0)
594 		(void)printf("      tty");
595 	for (i = 0, printed=0;(i < num_devices) && (printed < maxshowdevs);i++){
596 		int di;
597 		if ((dev_select[i].selected != 0)
598 		 && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs)) {
599 			di = dev_select[i].position;
600 			if (oflag > 0)
601 				(void)printf("%12.6s%d ",
602 					    cur.dinfo->devices[di].device_name,
603 					    cur.dinfo->devices[di].unit_number);
604 			else
605 				printf("%15.6s%d ",
606 					    cur.dinfo->devices[di].device_name,
607 					    cur.dinfo->devices[di].unit_number);
608 			printed++;
609 		}
610 	}
611 	if (Cflag > 0)
612 		(void)printf("            cpu\n");
613 	else
614 		(void)printf("\n");
615 
616 	if (Tflag > 0)
617 		(void)printf(" tin tout");
618 
619 	for (i=0, printed = 0;(i < num_devices) && (printed < maxshowdevs);i++){
620 		if ((dev_select[i].selected != 0)
621 		 && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs)) {
622 			if (oflag > 0) {
623 				if (Iflag == 0)
624 					(void)printf(" sps tps msps ");
625 				else
626 					(void)printf(" blk xfr msps ");
627 			} else {
628 				if (Iflag == 0)
629 					printf("  KB/t tps  MB/s ");
630 				else
631 					printf("  KB/t xfrs   MB ");
632 			}
633 			printed++;
634 		}
635 	}
636 	if (Cflag > 0)
637 		(void)printf(" us ni sy in id\n");
638 	else
639 		printf("\n");
640 }
641 
642 static void
643 devstats(int perf_select, long double etime, int havelast)
644 {
645 	register int dn;
646 	long double transfers_per_second;
647 	long double kb_per_transfer, mb_per_second;
648 	u_int64_t total_bytes, total_transfers, total_blocks;
649 	long double total_mb;
650 	long double blocks_per_second, ms_per_transaction;
651 
652 	for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
653 		int di;
654 
655 		if (((perf_select == 0) && (dev_select[dn].selected == 0))
656 		 || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
657 			continue;
658 
659 		di = dev_select[dn].position;
660 
661 		if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
662 		    havelast ? &last.dinfo->devices[di] : NULL, etime,
663 		    DSM_TOTAL_BYTES, &total_bytes,
664 		    DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS, &total_transfers,
665 		    DSM_TOTAL_BLOCKS, &total_blocks,
666 		    DSM_KB_PER_TRANSFER, &kb_per_transfer,
667 		    DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
668 		    DSM_MB_PER_SECOND, &mb_per_second,
669 		    DSM_BLOCKS_PER_SECOND, &blocks_per_second,
670 		    DSM_MS_PER_TRANSACTION, &ms_per_transaction,
671 		    DSM_NONE) != 0)
672 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
673 
674 		if (perf_select != 0) {
675 			dev_select[dn].bytes = total_bytes;
676 			if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
677 			 || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
678 				continue;
679 		}
680 
681 		if (Kflag) {
682 			int block_size = cur.dinfo->devices[di].block_size;
683 			total_blocks = total_blocks * (block_size ?
684 						       block_size : 512) / 1024;
685 		}
686 
687 		if (oflag > 0) {
688 			int msdig = (ms_per_transaction < 100.0) ? 1 : 0;
689 
690 			if (Iflag == 0)
691 				printf("%4.0Lf%4.0Lf%5.*Lf ",
692 				       blocks_per_second,
693 				       transfers_per_second,
694 				       msdig,
695 				       ms_per_transaction);
696 			else
697 				printf("%4.1qu%4.1qu%5.*Lf ",
698 				       total_blocks,
699 				       total_transfers,
700 				       msdig,
701 				       ms_per_transaction);
702 		} else {
703 			if (Iflag == 0)
704 				printf(" %5.2Lf %3.0Lf %5.2Lf ",
705 				       kb_per_transfer,
706 				       transfers_per_second,
707 				       mb_per_second);
708 			else {
709 				total_mb = total_bytes;
710 				total_mb /= 1024 * 1024;
711 
712 				printf(" %5.2Lf %3.1qu %5.2Lf ",
713 				       kb_per_transfer,
714 				       total_transfers,
715 				       total_mb);
716 			}
717 		}
718 	}
719 }
720 
721 static void
722 cpustats(void)
723 {
724 	register int state;
725 	double time;
726 
727 	time = 0.0;
728 
729 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
730 		time += cur.cp_time[state];
731 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
732 		printf("%3.0f",
733 		       rint(100. * cur.cp_time[state] / (time ? time : 1)));
734 }
735 
736 static int
737 readvar(kvm_t *kd, const char *name, int nlid, void *ptr, size_t len)
738 {
739 	if (kd != NULL) {
740 		ssize_t nbytes;
741 
742 		nbytes = kvm_read(kd, nlid, ptr, len);
743 
744 		if (nbytes == 0) {
745 			warnx("kvm_read(%s): %s", name, kvm_geterr(kd));
746 			return (1);
747 		}
748 		if (nbytes != len) {
749 			warnx("kvm_read(%s): expected %lu bytes, got %ld bytes",
750 			      name, (unsigned long)len, (long)nbytes);
751 			return (1);
752 		}
753 	} else {
754 		size_t nlen = len;
755 
756 		if (sysctlbyname(name, ptr, &nlen, NULL, 0) == -1) {
757 			warn("sysctl(%s...) failed", name);
758 			return (1);
759 		}
760 		if (nlen != len) {
761 			warnx("sysctl(%s...): expected %lu, got %lu", name,
762 			      (unsigned long)len, (unsigned long)nlen);
763 			return (1);
764 		}
765 	}
766 	return (0);
767 }
768