xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/cron/crontab/crontab.5 (revision 5b80de237b53fd14e3926dd58fc0b78be983ed84)
184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\"/* Copyright 1988,1990,1993,1994 by Paul Vixie
284f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * All rights reserved
384f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" *
484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * Distribute freely, except: don't remove my name from the source or
584f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * documentation (don't take credit for my work), mark your changes (don't
684f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * get me blamed for your possible bugs), don't alter or remove this
784f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * notice.  May be sold if buildable source is provided to buyer.  No
884f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * warrantee of any kind, express or implied, is included with this
984f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * software; use at your own risk, responsibility for damages (if any) to
1084f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * anyone resulting from the use of this software rests entirely with the
1184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * user.
1284f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" *
1384f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * Send bug reports, bug fixes, enhancements, requests, flames, etc., and
1484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * I'll try to keep a version up to date.  I can be reached as follows:
1584f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" * Paul Vixie          <paul@vix.com>          uunet!decwrl!vixie!paul
1684f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\" */
1784f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\"
1897d92980SPeter Wemm.\" $FreeBSD$
1984f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard.\"
20*5b80de23SKyle Evans.Dd September 24, 2019
21401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Dt CRONTAB 5
22401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Os
23401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Sh NAME
24401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Nm crontab
25401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Nd tables for driving cron
26401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Sh DESCRIPTION
2784f33deaSJordan K. HubbardA
28401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Nm
2984f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardfile contains instructions to the
30401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Xr cron 8
3184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbarddaemon of the general form: ``run this command at this time on this date''.
3284f33deaSJordan K. HubbardEach user has their own crontab, and commands in any given crontab will be
3307bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovexecuted as the user who owns the crontab.
3407bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovUucp and News will usually have
3584f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardtheir own crontabs, eliminating the need for explicitly running
36401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Xr su 1
3784f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardas part of a cron command.
38401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
3907bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovBlank lines and leading spaces and tabs are ignored.
4007bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovLines whose first
4184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardnon-space character is a pound-sign (#) are comments, and are ignored.
4284f33deaSJordan K. HubbardNote that comments are not allowed on the same line as cron commands, since
4307bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovthey will be taken to be part of the command.
4407bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovSimilarly, comments are not
4584f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardallowed on the same line as environment variable settings.
46401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
4784f33deaSJordan K. HubbardAn active line in a crontab will be either an environment setting or a cron
4807bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovcommand.
4907bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovAn environment setting is of the form,
50c5083414SRuslan Ermilov.Bd -literal
5184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard    name = value
52c5083414SRuslan Ermilov.Ed
53401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
5484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardwhere the spaces around the equal-sign (=) are optional, and any subsequent
5584f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardnon-leading spaces in
56401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Em value
5784f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardwill be part of the value assigned to
58401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Em name .
5984f33deaSJordan K. HubbardThe
60401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Em value
6184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardstring may be placed in quotes (single or double, but matching) to preserve
6284f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardleading or trailing blanks.
63c3e1da6bSSheldon HearnThe
64c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn.Em name
65c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearnstring may also be placed in quote (single or double, but matching)
6657bd0fc6SJens Schweikhardtto preserve leading, trailing or inner blanks.
67401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
6884f33deaSJordan K. HubbardSeveral environment variables are set up
6984f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardautomatically by the
70401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Xr cron 8
7184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbarddaemon.
72401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev SHELL
73401e6468SPhilippe Charnieris set to
74401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pa /bin/sh ,
7548193882SChristian Brueffer.Ev PATH
7648193882SChristian Bruefferis set to
7743d53dbaSJilles Tjoelker.Pa /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin ,
78401e6468SPhilippe Charnierand
79401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev LOGNAME
80401e6468SPhilippe Charnierand
81401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev HOME
82401e6468SPhilippe Charnierare set from the
83401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pa /etc/passwd
8484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardline of the crontab's owner.
8548193882SChristian Brueffer.Ev HOME ,
8648193882SChristian Brueffer.Ev PATH
87401e6468SPhilippe Charnierand
88401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev SHELL
89401e6468SPhilippe Charniermay be overridden by settings in the crontab;
90401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev LOGNAME
91401e6468SPhilippe Charniermay not.
92401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
93401e6468SPhilippe Charnier(Another note: the
94401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev LOGNAME
95401e6468SPhilippe Charniervariable is sometimes called
96401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev USER
97753d686dSRuslan Ermilovon
98753d686dSRuslan Ermilov.Bx
99753d686dSRuslan Ermilovsystems...
100c75526d5SRuslan ErmilovOn these systems,
101401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev USER
102401e6468SPhilippe Charnierwill be set also).
103401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
104401e6468SPhilippe CharnierIn addition to
105401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev LOGNAME ,
106401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev HOME ,
10748193882SChristian Brueffer.Ev PATH ,
108401e6468SPhilippe Charnierand
109401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev SHELL ,
110401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Xr cron 8
111401e6468SPhilippe Charnierwill look at
112401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev MAILTO
113401e6468SPhilippe Charnierif it has any reason to send mail as a result of running
11407bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovcommands in ``this'' crontab.
11507bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovIf
116401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev MAILTO
117401e6468SPhilippe Charnieris defined (and non-empty), mail is
1188030199cSTom Rhodessent to the user so named.
11912455a9eSKyle EvansIf
12012455a9eSKyle Evans.Ev MAILFROM
12112455a9eSKyle Evansis defined (and non-empty), its value will be used as the from address.
1228030199cSTom Rhodes.Ev MAILTO
1238030199cSTom Rhodesmay also be used to direct mail to multiple recipients
124637fd955SSergey Skvortsovby separating recipient users with a comma.
1258030199cSTom RhodesIf
126401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev MAILTO
127401e6468SPhilippe Charnieris defined but empty (MAILTO=""), no
12807bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovmail will be sent.
12907bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovOtherwise mail is sent to the owner of the crontab.
13007bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovThis
131401e6468SPhilippe Charnieroption is useful if you decide on
132401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pa /bin/mail
133401e6468SPhilippe Charnierinstead of
134401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pa /usr/lib/sendmail
135401e6468SPhilippe Charnieras
136401e6468SPhilippe Charnieryour mailer when you install cron --
137401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pa /bin/mail
1380227791bSRuslan Ermilovdoes not do aliasing, and UUCP
1390227791bSRuslan Ermilovusually does not read its mail.
140401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
14184f33deaSJordan K. HubbardThe format of a cron command is very much the V7 standard, with a number of
14207bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovupward-compatible extensions.
14307bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovEach line has five time and date fields,
1440435c150SAndrey A. Chernovfollowed by a user name
1450435c150SAndrey A. Chernov(with optional ``:<group>'' and ``/<login-class>'' suffixes)
1460435c150SAndrey A. Chernovif this is the system crontab file,
14707bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovfollowed by a command.
14807bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovCommands are executed by
149401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Xr cron 8
15084f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardwhen the minute, hour, and month of year fields match the current time,
151401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Em and
15284f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardwhen at least one of the two day fields (day of month, or day of week)
1534188e025SGiorgos Keramidasmatches the current time (see ``Note'' below).
154401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Xr cron 8
15584f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardexamines cron entries once every minute.
15684f33deaSJordan K. HubbardThe time and date fields are:
157401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Bd -literal -offset indent
15884f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardfield         allowed values
15984f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard-----         --------------
16084f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardminute        0-59
16184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardhour          0-23
162043c578eSMike Pritchardday of month  1-31
163043c578eSMike Pritchardmonth         1-12 (or names, see below)
16484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardday of week   0-7 (0 or 7 is Sun, or use names)
165401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ed
166401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
16784f33deaSJordan K. HubbardA field may be an asterisk (*), which always stands for ``first\-last''.
168401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
16907bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovRanges of numbers are allowed.
17007bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovRanges are two numbers separated
17107bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovwith a hyphen.
17207bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovThe specified range is inclusive.
17307bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovFor example,
17484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard8-11 for an ``hours'' entry specifies execution at hours 8, 9, 10
17584f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardand 11.
176401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
17707bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovLists are allowed.
17807bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovA list is a set of numbers (or ranges)
17907bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovseparated by commas.
18007bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovExamples: ``1,2,5,9'', ``0-4,8-12''.
181401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
18207bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovStep values can be used in conjunction with ranges.
18307bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovFollowing
18484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbarda range with ``/<number>'' specifies skips of the number's value
18507bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovthrough the range.
18607bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovFor example, ``0-23/2'' can be used in the hours
18784f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardfield to specify command execution every other hour (the alternative
18807bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovin the V7 standard is ``0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22'').
18907bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovSteps are
19084f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardalso permitted after an asterisk, so if you want to say ``every two
19184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardhours'', just use ``*/2''.
192401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
19384f33deaSJordan K. HubbardNames can also be used for the ``month'' and ``day of week''
19407bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovfields.
19507bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovUse the first three letters of the particular
1960227791bSRuslan Ermilovday or month (case does not matter).
19707bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovRanges or
19884f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardlists of names are not allowed.
199401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
20084f33deaSJordan K. HubbardThe ``sixth'' field (the rest of the line) specifies the command to be
20184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardrun.
202*5b80de23SKyle EvansOne or more command options may precede the command to modify processing
203*5b80de23SKyle Evansbehavior.
20484f33deaSJordan K. HubbardThe entire command portion of the line, up to a newline or %
205401e6468SPhilippe Charniercharacter, will be executed by
206401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pa /bin/sh
207401e6468SPhilippe Charnieror by the shell
208401e6468SPhilippe Charnierspecified in the
209401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ev SHELL
210401e6468SPhilippe Charniervariable of the cronfile.
21184f33deaSJordan K. HubbardPercent-signs (%) in the command, unless escaped with backslash
21284f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard(\\), will be changed into newline characters, and all data
21384f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardafter the first % will be sent to the command as standard
21484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardinput.
215401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
216*5b80de23SKyle EvansThe following command options can be supplied:
217*5b80de23SKyle Evans.Bl -tag -width Ds
218*5b80de23SKyle Evans.It Fl n
219*5b80de23SKyle EvansNo mail is sent after a successful run.
220*5b80de23SKyle EvansThe execution output will only be mailed if the command exits with a non-zero
221*5b80de23SKyle Evansexit code.
222*5b80de23SKyle EvansThe
223*5b80de23SKyle Evans.Fl n
224*5b80de23SKyle Evansoption is an attempt to cure potentially copious volumes of mail coming from
225*5b80de23SKyle Evans.Xr cron 8 .
226*5b80de23SKyle Evans.It Fl q
227*5b80de23SKyle EvansExecution will not be logged.
228*5b80de23SKyle Evans.El
229*5b80de23SKyle Evans.sp
230*5b80de23SKyle EvansDuplicate options are not allowed.
231*5b80de23SKyle Evans.Pp
23284f33deaSJordan K. HubbardNote: The day of a command's execution can be specified by two
23307bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovfields \(em day of month, and day of week.
23407bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovIf both fields are
2350227791bSRuslan Ermilovrestricted (ie, are not *), the command will be run when
236401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Em either
23707bfccd7SRuslan Ermilovfield matches the current time.
23807bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovFor example,
23984f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard``30 4 1,15 * 5''
24084f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardwould cause a command to be run at 4:30 am on the 1st and 15th of each
24184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardmonth, plus every Friday.
242c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn.Pp
243c3e1da6bSSheldon HearnInstead of the first five fields,
244a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoffa line may start with
245a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoff.Sq @
246a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoffsymbol followed either by one of eight special strings or by a numeric value.
247a08d12d3SGleb SmirnoffThe recognized special strings are:
248c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn.Bd -literal -offset indent
249c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearnstring		meaning
250c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn------		-------
251df799cbaSWarren Block@reboot		Run once, at startup of cron.
252c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn@yearly		Run once a year, "0 0 1 1 *".
253fd522d40SBill Fumerola@annually	(same as @yearly)
254c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn@monthly	Run once a month, "0 0 1 * *".
255c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn@weekly		Run once a week, "0 0 * * 0".
256c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn@daily		Run once a day, "0 0 * * *".
257c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn@midnight	(same as @daily)
258c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn@hourly		Run once an hour, "0 * * * *".
2597a5c30c5SMaxim Sobolev@every_minute	Run once a minute, "*/1 * * * *".
2607a5c30c5SMaxim Sobolev@every_second	Run once a second.
261c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn.Ed
262a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoff.Pp
263a08d12d3SGleb SmirnoffThe
264a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoff.Sq @
265a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoffsymbol followed by a numeric value has a special notion of running
266bd6174f7SKyle Evansa job that many seconds after completion of the previous invocation of
267a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoffthe job.
268a08d12d3SGleb SmirnoffUnlike regular syntax, it guarantees not to overlap two or more
269bd6174f7SKyle Evansinvocations of the same job during normal cron execution.
270bd6174f7SKyle EvansNote, however, that overlap may occur if the job is running when the file
271bd6174f7SKyle Evanscontaining the job is modified and subsequently reloaded.
272bd6174f7SKyle EvansThe first run is scheduled for the specified number of seconds after cron
273bd6174f7SKyle Evansis started or the crontab entry is reloaded.
274401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Sh EXAMPLE CRON FILE
275401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Bd -literal
27684f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard
277d2a864e4SNick Hibma# use /bin/sh to run commands, overriding the default set by cron
27884f33deaSJordan K. HubbardSHELL=/bin/sh
27984f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard# mail any output to `paul', no matter whose crontab this is
28084f33deaSJordan K. HubbardMAILTO=paul
28184f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard#
28284f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard# run five minutes after midnight, every day
28384f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard5 0 * * *       $HOME/bin/daily.job >> $HOME/tmp/out 2>&1
28484f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard# run at 2:15pm on the first of every month -- output mailed to paul
28584f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard15 14 1 * *     $HOME/bin/monthly
28684f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard# run at 10 pm on weekdays, annoy Joe
28784f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard0 22 * * 1-5	mail -s "It's 10pm" joe%Joe,%%Where are your kids?%
28884f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard23 0-23/2 * * * echo "run 23 minutes after midn, 2am, 4am ..., everyday"
28984f33deaSJordan K. Hubbard5 4 * * sun     echo "run at 5 after 4 every sunday"
290a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoff# run at 5 minutes intervals, no matter how long it takes
291a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoff@300		svnlite up /usr/src
292*5b80de23SKyle Evans# run every minute, suppress logging
293*5b80de23SKyle Evans* * * * *       -q date
294*5b80de23SKyle Evans# run every minute, only send mail if ping fails
295*5b80de23SKyle Evans* * * * *       -n ping -c 1 freebsd.org
296401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Ed
297401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Sh SEE ALSO
298bf5cbf35SWolfram Schneider.Xr crontab 1 ,
299bf5cbf35SWolfram Schneider.Xr cron 8
300401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Sh EXTENSIONS
30184f33deaSJordan K. HubbardWhen specifying day of week, both day 0 and day 7 will be considered Sunday.
302753d686dSRuslan Ermilov.Bx
303753d686dSRuslan Ermilovand
304753d686dSRuslan Ermilov.Tn ATT
305753d686dSRuslan Ermilovseem to disagree about this.
306401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
30707bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovLists and ranges are allowed to co-exist in the same field.
30807bfccd7SRuslan Ermilov"1-3,7-9" would
309753d686dSRuslan Ermilovbe rejected by
310753d686dSRuslan Ermilov.Tn ATT
311753d686dSRuslan Ermilovor
312753d686dSRuslan Ermilov.Bx
313753d686dSRuslan Ermilovcron -- they want to see "1-3" or "7,8,9" ONLY.
314401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
31584f33deaSJordan K. HubbardRanges can include "steps", so "1-9/2" is the same as "1,3,5,7,9".
316401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
31784f33deaSJordan K. HubbardNames of months or days of the week can be specified by name.
318401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
31907bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovEnvironment variables can be set in the crontab.
32007bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovIn
321753d686dSRuslan Ermilov.Bx
322753d686dSRuslan Ermilovor
323753d686dSRuslan Ermilov.Tn ATT ,
324753d686dSRuslan Ermilovthe
325401e6468SPhilippe Charnierenvironment handed to child processes is basically the one from
326401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pa /etc/rc .
327401e6468SPhilippe Charnier.Pp
328753d686dSRuslan ErmilovCommand output is mailed to the crontab owner
329753d686dSRuslan Ermilov.No ( Bx
3300227791bSRuslan Ermilovcannot do this), can be
3310227791bSRuslan Ermilovmailed to a person other than the crontab owner (SysV cannot do this), or the
3320227791bSRuslan Ermilovfeature can be turned off and no mail will be sent at all (SysV cannot do this
33384f33deaSJordan K. Hubbardeither).
334c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn.Pp
335c3e1da6bSSheldon HearnAll of the
336c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearn.Sq @
337a08d12d3SGleb Smirnoffdirectives that can appear in place of the first five fields
338c3e1da6bSSheldon Hearnare extensions.
339*5b80de23SKyle Evans.Pp
340*5b80de23SKyle EvansCommand processing can be modified using command options.
341*5b80de23SKyle EvansThe
342*5b80de23SKyle Evans.Sq -q
343*5b80de23SKyle Evansoption suppresses logging.
344*5b80de23SKyle EvansThe
345*5b80de23SKyle Evans.Sq -n
346*5b80de23SKyle Evansoption does not mail on successful run.
347f12a1471SPhilippe Charnier.Sh AUTHORS
34801c2b8acSBaptiste Daroussin.An Paul Vixie Aq Mt paul@vix.com
34981f4b036SSheldon Hearn.Sh BUGS
35036a142c4SRuslan ErmilovIf you are in one of the 70-odd countries that observe Daylight
351f85ad80cSGlen BarberSavings Time, jobs scheduled during the rollback or advance may be
352f85ad80cSGlen Barberaffected if
353f85ad80cSGlen Barber.Xr cron 8
354f85ad80cSGlen Barberis not started with the
355f85ad80cSGlen Barber.Fl s
356f85ad80cSGlen Barberflag.
35736a142c4SRuslan ErmilovIn general, it is not a good idea to schedule jobs during
358f85ad80cSGlen Barberthis period if
359f85ad80cSGlen Barber.Xr cron 8
360f85ad80cSGlen Barberis not started with the
361f85ad80cSGlen Barber.Fl s
362f85ad80cSGlen Barberflag, which is enabled by default.
363f85ad80cSGlen BarberSee
364f85ad80cSGlen Barber.Xr cron 8
365f85ad80cSGlen Barberfor more details.
36681f4b036SSheldon Hearn.Pp
367fd2f39cbSSean FarleyFor US timezones (except parts of AZ and HI) the time shift occurs at
36807bfccd7SRuslan Ermilov2AM local time.
36907bfccd7SRuslan ErmilovFor others, the output of the
37081f4b036SSheldon Hearn.Xr zdump 8
37181f4b036SSheldon Hearnprogram's verbose
37281f4b036SSheldon Hearn.Fl ( v )
37381f4b036SSheldon Hearnoption can be used to determine the moment of time shift.
374