1.\" 2.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 2011-2013 Nathan Whitehorn <nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org> All rights reserved. 5.\" Copyright (c) 2018 Roberto Fernandez Cueto <roberfern@gmail.com> 6.\" Copyright (c) 2024 The FreeBSD Foundation 7.\" 8.\" Portions of this documentation were written by Björn Zeeb 9.\" under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation. 10.\" 11.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 12.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 13.\" are met: 14.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 15.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 16.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 17.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 18.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 22.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 23.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 24.\" INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 25.\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 26.\" SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 28.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN 29.\" ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 30.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.Dd October 3, 2025 33.Dt BSDINSTALL 8 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm bsdinstall 37.Nd system installer 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Ar options 41.Op Ar target 42.Op Ar ... 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44.Nm 45is used for installation of new systems, 46both for system setup from installation media, 47such as discs, USBs, or network boot environments, 48and for use on live systems to prepare jails and virtual machine images. 49.Pp 50Much like 51.Xr make 1 , Nm 52takes a target and possible parameters of the target as arguments. 53If invoked with no arguments, it will invoke the 54.Cm auto 55target, which provides a standard interactive installation, invoking the 56others in sequence. 57To perform a scripted installation, 58these subtargets can be invoked separately by an installation script. 59.Sh OPTIONS 60.Nm 61supports the following options, global to all targets: 62.Bl -tag -width "-D file" 63.It Fl D Ar file 64Provide a path for the installation log file 65.Pq overrides Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG . 66See 67.Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES 68for more information on 69.Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG . 70.El 71.Sh TARGETS 72Most of the following targets are only useful for scripting the installer. 73For interactive use, most users will be interested only in the 74.Cm auto , 75.Cm jail , 76and 77.Cm script 78targets. 79.Bl -tag -width "-D file" 80.It Cm auto 81Run the standard interactive installation, including disk partitioning. 82.It Cm jail Ar destination 83Sets up a new chroot system at 84.Pa destination , 85suitable for use with 86.Xr jail 8 . 87Behavior is generally similar to 88.Cm auto , 89except that disk partitioning and network setup are skipped and a kernel is 90not installed into the new system. 91.It Cm script Ar script 92Runs the installation script at 93.Pa script . 94See 95.Sx SCRIPTING 96for more information on this target. 97.It Cm keymap 98If the current controlling TTY is a 99.Xr syscons 4 100or 101.Xr vt 4 102console, asks the user to set the current keymap, and saves the result to the 103new system's 104.Pa rc.conf . 105.It Cm hostname 106Prompts the user for a host name for the new system and saves the result to the 107new system's 108.Pa rc.conf . 109If 110.Ev BSDINSTALL_CONFIGCURRENT 111is set, also sets the host name of the current system. 112.It Cm netconfig 113Interactively configures network interfaces (first invoking 114.Cm wlanconfig 115on wireless interfaces), saving the result to the new system's 116.Pa rc.conf 117and 118.Pa resolv.conf . 119If 120.Ev BSDINSTALL_CONFIGCURRENT 121is set, also configures the network interfaces of the current system to match. 122.It Cm autopart 123Provides the installer's interactive guided disk partitioner for single-disk 124installations. 125Defaults to UFS. 126.It Cm bootconfig 127Detects an appropriate partition and installs UEFI boot loader files. 128.It Cm zfsboot 129Provides a ZFS-only automatic interactive disk partitioner. 130Creates a single 131.Ic zpool 132with separate datasets for 133.Pa /home , 134.Pa /tmp , 135.Pa /usr , 136.Pa /usr/ports , 137.Pa /usr/src , 138and 139.Pa /var . 140Optionally can set up 141.Xr geli 8 142to encrypt the disk. 143.It Cm partedit 144Provides the installer's interactive manual disk partitioner with an interface 145identical to 146.Xr sade 8 . 147Supports multiple disks as well as UFS, ZFS, and FAT file systems. 148ZFS is set up with one pool and dataset per partition. 149.It Cm scriptedpart Ar parameters 150Sets up disks like 151.Cm autopart 152and 153.Cm partedit , 154but non-interactively according to the disk setup specified in 155.Ar parameters . 156Each disk setup is specified by a three-part argument: 157.Pp 158.Ar disk 159.Op Ar scheme 160.Op Ar {partitions} 161.Pp 162Multiple disk setups are separated by semicolons. 163The 164.Ar disk 165argument specifies the disk on which to operate (which will be erased), 166or the special value 167.Em DEFAULT , 168which will result in either a selection window (as in 169.Cm autopart ) 170for the destination disk or, if there is only one possible disk, will 171automatically select it. 172The 173.Ar scheme 174argument specifies the 175.Xr gpart 8 176partition scheme to apply to the disk. 177If 178.Ar scheme 179is unspecified, 180.Cm scriptedpart 181will apply the default bootable scheme on your platform. 182The 183.Ar partitions 184argument is also optional and specifies how to partition 185.Ar disk . 186It consists of a comma-separated list of partitions to create enclosed in 187curly braces. 188Each partition declaration takes the form 189.Pp 190.Ar size 191.Ar type 192.Op Ar mount point 193.Pp 194.Ar size 195specifies the partition size to create in bytes (K, M, and G suffixes 196can be appended to specify kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes respectively), 197while the 198.Em auto 199keyword causes the partition to take all the remaining space on the disk. 200The 201.Ar type 202option chooses the 203.Xr gpart 8 204filesystem type, e.g., freebsd-ufs, freebsd-zfs, or freebsd-swap. 205The optional 206.Ar mount point 207argument sets where the created partition is to be mounted in the installed 208system. 209As an example, a typical invocation looks like: 210.Pp 211bsdinstall scriptedpart ada0 { 20G freebsd-ufs /, 4G freebsd-swap, 20G freebsd-ufs /var, auto freebsd-ufs /usr } 212.Pp 213Note that the list of partitions should 214.Em not 215include boot partitions (e.g. EFI system partitions), which will be created automatically on whatever disk includes /. 216.Pp 217A shorter invocation to use the default partitioning (as 218.Cm autopart 219would have used) on the same disk: 220.Pp 221bsdinstall scriptedpart ada0 222.Pp 223or, even shorter: 224.Pp 225bsdinstall scriptedpart DEFAULT 226.It Cm mount 227Mounts the file systems previously configured by 228.Cm autopart , 229.Cm partedit , 230or 231.Cm scriptedpart 232under 233.Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT . 234.It Cm distfetch 235Fetches the distributions in 236.Ev DISTRIBUTIONS 237to 238.Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR 239from 240.Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE . 241.It Cm checksum 242Verifies the checksums of the distributions listed in 243.Ev DISTRIBUTIONS 244against the distribution manifest. 245.It Cm distextract 246Extracts the distributions listed in 247.Ev DISTRIBUTIONS 248into 249.Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT . 250.It Cm pkgbase Op Fl --jail 251Fetch and install base system packages to 252.Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT . 253Packages are fetched according to repository configuration in 254.Ev BSDINSTALL_PKG_REPOS_DIR 255if set, or 256.Lk pkg.freebsd.org 257otherwise. 258If the 259.Fl --jail 260option is passed, no kernel is installed, and the 261.Dq jail 262variant of each package set will be selected where applicable. 263.It Cm firmware 264executes 265.Xr fwget 8 266inside the 267.Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT 268to install any needed and available firmware for the new system. 269.It Cm rootpass 270Interactively invokes 271.Xr passwd 1 272in the new system to set the root user's password. 273.It Cm adduser 274Interactively invokes 275.Xr adduser 8 276in the new system. 277.It Cm time 278Interactively sets the time, date, and time zone of the new system. 279.It Cm services 280Queries the user for the system daemons to begin at system startup, 281writing the result into the new system's 282.Pa rc.conf . 283.It Cm entropy 284Reads a small amount of data from 285.Pa /dev/random 286and stores it in a file in the new system's root directory. 287.It Cm config 288Installs the configuration files destined for the new system, e.g., 289.Xr rc.conf 5 290fragments generated by 291.Cm netconfig , 292etc.) onto the new system. 293.El 294.Sh ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES 295The following environment variables control various aspects of the installation 296process. 297Many are used internally during installation and have reasonable default values 298for most installation scenarios. 299Others are set by various interactive user prompts, and can be usefully 300overridden when making scripted or customized installers. 301.Bl -tag -width "-D file" 302.It Ev TMPDIR 303The directory to use for temporary files. 304Default: 305.Dq Pa /tmp 306.It Ev DISTRIBUTIONS 307The set of distributions to install, e.g., "base.txz kernel.txz ports.txz". 308Default: unset 309.It Ev PARTITIONS 310The partitioning of the disk onto which the system is being installed. 311See 312.Cm scriptedpart 313of 314the 315.Sx TARGETS 316section for format details. If this variable is unset, the installer will 317use the default partitioning as in 318.Cm autopart . 319Default: unset 320.It Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR 321The directory in which the distribution files can be found (or to which they 322should be downloaded). 323Default: 324.Dq Pa /usr/freebsd-dist 325.It Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE 326URL from which the distribution files should be downloaded if they are not 327already present in the directory defined by 328.Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR . 329This should be a full path to the files, including architecture and release 330names. 331Most targets, e.g., 332.Cm auto 333and 334.Cm jail , 335that prompt for a 336.Fx 337mirror will skip that step if this variable is already defined in the 338environment. 339Example: 340.Pa https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/powerpc/powerpc64/13.1-RELEASE/ 341or 342.Pa http://ftp-archive.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/amd64/12.2-RELEASE/ . 343.It Ev BSDINSTALL_PKG_REPOS_DIR 344Directory containing 345.Xr pkg 8 346repository configuration files used by the 347.Cm pkgbase 348target. 349See 350.Sx REPOSITORY CONFIGURATION 351in 352.Xr pkg.conf 5 . 353Default: unset 354.It Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT 355The directory into which the distribution files should be unpacked and the 356directory at which the root file system of the new system should be mounted. 357Default: 358.Dq Pa /mnt 359.It Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG 360Path to a log file for the installation. 361Default: 362.Dq Pa $TMPDIR/bsdinstall_log 363.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_FIRMWARE 364If not empty, the 365.Cm auto 366target 367will not invoke the 368.Cm firmware 369target. 370.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_HARDENING 371If not empty, the 372.Cm auto 373target 374will not invoke the 375.Cm hardening 376target. 377.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_HOSTNAME 378If not empty, the 379.Cm auto 380target 381will not invoke the 382.Cm hostname 383target. 384.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_KEYMAP 385If not empty, the 386.Cm auto 387target 388will not invoke the 389.Cm keymap 390target. 391.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_MANUAL 392If not empty, the 393.Cm auto 394target will not offer to open a shell in the new system 395for final manual modifications. 396.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_SERVICES 397If not empty, the 398.Cm auto 399target 400will not invoke the 401.Cm services 402target. 403.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_TIME 404If not empty, the 405.Cm auto 406target 407will not invoke the 408.Cm time 409target. 410.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_USERS 411If not empty, the 412.Cm auto 413target 414will not invoke the 415.Cm adduser 416target. 417.It Ev BSDINSTALL_SKIP_FINALCONFIG 418If not empty, the 419.Cm auto 420target will not show the final configuration dialog, 421where earlier configuration choices can be revisited. 422.It Ev BSDINSTALL_TMPETC 423Directory where files destined for the new system's 424.Pa /etc 425will be stored until the 426.Cm config 427target is executed. 428If this directory does not already exist, it will be created. 429Default: 430.Dq Pa $TMPDIR/bsdinstall_etc 431.It Ev BSDINSTALL_TMPBOOT 432Directory where files destined for the new system's 433.Pa /boot 434will be stored until the 435.Cm config 436target is executed. 437If this directory does not already exist, it will be created. 438Default: 439.Dq Pa $TMPDIR/bsdinstall_boot 440.It Ev ROOTPASS_ENC 441Encrypted string to set the root password to in the format expected by 442.Xr pw 8 443.Fl H Ar 0 . 444This option is used if both it and 445.Ev ROOTPASS_PLAIN 446are set. 447.It Ev ROOTPASS_PLAIN 448Plain text string to set the root password to. 449.It Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_NAME 450Name for the pool containing the base system. 451Default: 452.Dq zroot 453.It Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_CREATE_OPTIONS 454Options to be used when creating the base system's pool. 455Each option must be preceded by the -O flag to be taken into consideration 456or the pool will not be created due to errors using the command 457.Cm zpool . 458Default: 459.Dq Li "-O compression=on -O atime=off" 460.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME 461Name for the boot environment parent dataset. 462This is a non-mountable dataset meant to be a parent dataset where different 463boot environment are going to be created. 464Default: 465.Dq ROOT 466.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME 467Name for the primary boot environment, which will be the default boot 468environment for the system. 469Default: 470.Dq default 471.It Ev ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE 472The type of pool to be created for the base system. 473This variable can take one of this values: stripe (No redundancy), 474mirror (n-Way mirroring), raid10 (RAID 1+0 - n x 2-Way Mirrors), 475raidz1 (RAID-Z1 - Single Redundancy RAID), raidz2 (RAID-Z2 - Double Redundancy RAID) 476or raidz3 (RAID-Z3 Triple Redundancy RAID). 477Default: 478.Dq stripe 479.It Ev ZFSBOOT_FORCE_4K_SECTORS 480Controls the minimum sector size of the pool. 481If this variable is not empty, the minimum sector size is 4K. 482If this variable is empty, the minimum sector size is 512. 483Note that the sector size of the pool will always be at least 484the sector size of the backing disks. 485Default: 486.Dq 1 487.It Ev ZFSBOOT_GELI_ENCRYPTION 488If this variable is not empty, it will use 489.Xr geli 8 490to encrypt the root pool, enabling automatically the 491.Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL 492variable. 493Default: 494.Dq "" 495.It Ev ZFSBOOT_GELI_KEY_FILE 496Path to the 497.Xr geli 8 498keyfile used to encrypt the pool where the base system is stored. 499Default: 500.Dq Pa /boot/encryption.key 501.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL 502If set, a separated boot pool will be created for the kernel of the 503system and 504.Xr loader 8 . 505Default: unset 506.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_CREATE_OPTIONS 507Options to use when creating the boot pool, when enabled (See 508.Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ). 509Default: unset 510.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_NAME 511Name for the optional boot pool when it is enabled, (See 512.Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ). 513Default: 514.Dq bootpool 515.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_SIZE 516Size of the boot pool when it is enabled (See 517.Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ). 518Default: 519.Dq 2g 520.It Ev ZFSBOOT_DISKS 521Disks to be used for the base system, including the boot pool. 522This variable must only be used on a scripted installation. 523See 524.Sx SCRIPTING 525for more information. 526Default: unset 527.It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_SIZE 528Size of the swap partition on each block device. 529This variable will be passed to 530.Xr gpart 8 ; 531which supports SI unit suffixes. 532Default: 533.Dq 2g 534.It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_ENCRYPTION 535If set, enables the encryption of the swap partition using 536.Xr geli 8 . 537Default: "" 538.It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_MIRROR 539If set, enables a swap mirroring using 540.Xr gmirror 8 . 541Default: 542unset 543.It Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS 544ZFS datasets to be created on the root zpool, it requires the 545following datasets: 546.Pa /tmp , 547.Pa /var/tmp , 548.Pa /$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME/$ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME . 549See 550.Sx ZFS DATASETS 551for more information about how to populate this variable and 552its default value. 553.It Ev ZFSBOOT_CONFIRM_LAYOUT 554If set and the installation is interactive, allow the user to confirm 555the layout before continuing with the installation. 556Default: 557.Dq 1 558.El 559.Sh SCRIPTING 560.Nm 561supports unattended, or minimally-attended, installations using scripting. 562This can be used with either modified physical installation media or with 563.Xr diskless 8 564installations over the network; information on preparing such media can be 565found in 566.Sx BUILDING AUTOMATIC INSTALL MEDIA 567.Pp 568Scripted installations follow an essentially identical path to interactive 569installations, though with some minor feature differences (for example, 570scripted installations do not support fetching of remote distribution files 571since scripted installations normally install the same files and the distributions 572can be added directly to the installation media). 573.Nm 574scripts consist of two parts: a 575.Em preamble 576and a 577.Em setup script . 578The preamble sets up the options for the installation (how to partition the 579disk[s], which distributions to install, etc.) and the optional second part is 580a shell script run under 581.Xr chroot 8 582in the newly installed system before 583.Nm 584exits. 585The two parts are separated by the usual script header (#!), which also sets 586the interpreter for the setup script. 587.Pp 588A typical bsdinstall script, using the default filesystem layout and the UFS 589filesystem, looks like this: 590.Bd -literal -offset indent 591PARTITIONS=DEFAULT 592DISTRIBUTIONS="kernel.txz base.txz" 593 594#!/bin/sh 595sysrc ifconfig_DEFAULT=DHCP 596sysrc sshd_enable=YES 597pkg install puppet 598.Ed 599.Pp 600For a scripted installation involving a ZFS pool spanning multiple disks, 601the script instead looks like this: 602.Bd -literal -offset indent 603DISTRIBUTIONS="kernel.txz base.txz" 604export ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE=stripe 605export ZFSBOOT_DISKS="ada0 ada1" 606export nonInteractive="YES" 607 608#!/bin/sh 609echo "ifconfig_DEFAULT=DHCP" >> /etc/rc.conf 610echo "sshd_enable=YES" >> /etc/rc.conf 611pkg install puppet 612.Ed 613.Pp 614On 615.Fx 616release media, such a script placed at 617.Pa /etc/installerconfig 618will be run at boot time and the system will be rebooted automatically after 619the installation has completed. 620This can be used for unattended network installation of new systems; see 621.Xr diskless 8 622for details. 623.Ss PREAMBLE 624The preamble consists of installer settings. 625These control global installation parameters (see 626.Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ) 627as well as disk partitioning. 628The preamble is interpreted as a 629.Xr sh 1 630script run at the very beginning of the install. 631If more complicated behavior than setting these variables is desired, 632arbitrary commands can be run here to extend the installer. 633In addition to the variables in 634.Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES , 635in particular 636.Ev DISTRIBUTIONS , 637the preamble can contain a variable 638.Ev PARTITIONS 639which is passed to the 640.Cm scriptedpart 641target to control disk setup. 642.Pp 643Alternatively, 644to use 645.Cm zfsboot 646instead of 647.Cm partedit , 648the preamble can contain the variable 649.Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS 650instead of 651.Ev PARTITIONS 652(see below). 653If using 654.Cm zfsboot , 655the variables 656.Ev ZFSBOOT_DISKS 657and 658.Ev ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE 659must be set to create the pool of disks for the base system. 660Usually, for a mirrored booting disk, these two variables look like this: 661.Bd -literal -offset indent 662ZFSBOOT_DISKS="ada0 ada1" 663ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE=mirror 664.Ed 665.Pp 666Remember to export all the variables for the 667.Cm zfsboot 668command, otherwise installation will fail. 669.Ss SETUP SCRIPT 670Following the preamble is an optional shell script, beginning with a #! 671declaration. 672This script will be run at the end of the installation process inside a 673.Xr chroot 8 674environment in the newly installed system and can be used to set up 675configuration files, install packages, etc. 676Note that newly configured system services, e.g., networking have not 677been started in the installed system at this time and only installation 678host services are available. 679.Ss ZFS DATASETS 680If using 681.Cm zfsboot 682in an installation script, the 683.Cm zfsboot 684partitioning tool takes the 685.Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS 686variable to create the ZFS datasets on the base system. 687This variable definition can become large if the pool contains many datasets. 688The default value of 689.Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS 690is: 691.Bd -literal -offset indent 692# DATASET OPTIONS (comma or space separated; or both) 693 694# Boot Environment [BE] root and default boot dataset 695/$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME mountpoint=none 696/$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME/$ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME mountpoint=/ 697 698# Home directories separated so they are common to all BEs 699/home mountpoint=/home 700 701# Create /tmp and allow exec but not setuid 702/tmp mountpoint=/tmp,exec=on,setuid=off 703 704# Do not mount /usr so that 'base' files go to the BEROOT 705/usr mountpoint=/usr,canmount=off 706 707# Ports tree 708/usr/ports setuid=off 709 710# Source tree 711/usr/src 712 713# Create /var and friends 714/var mountpoint=/var,canmount=off 715/var/audit exec=off,setuid=off 716/var/crash exec=off,setuid=off 717/var/log exec=off,setuid=off 718/var/mail atime=on 719/var/tmp setuid=off 720.Ed 721.Pp 722The first column is the name of the dataset to be created as part of the 723.Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_NAME 724pool and the remainder of each line contains the options to be set on each dataset. 725If multiple options are given, they can be separated by either commas or whitespace; 726everything following a pound/hash character is ignored as a comment. 727.Ss BUILDING AUTOMATIC INSTALL MEDIA 728If building automatic install media, use tar to extract a release ISO: 729.Dl mkdir release-media 730.Dl tar -C release-media -xvf FreeBSD-13.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso 731.Pp 732Then place a script as above in 733.Pa etc/installerconfig 734.Pp 735This directory can then be used directly as an NFS root for 736.Xr diskless 8 737installations or it can be rebuilt into an ISO image using the release scripts in 738.Pa /usr/src/release . 739For example, on amd64: 740.Dl sh /usr/src/release/amd64/mkisoimages.sh -b '13_0_RELEASE_AMD64_CD' output.iso release-media 741.Sh HISTORY 742This version of 743.Nm 744first appeared in 745.Fx 9.0 . 746.Sh AUTHORS 747.An Nathan Whitehorn Aq Mt nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org 748.An Devin Teske Aq Mt dteske@FreeBSD.org 749.An Allan Jude Aq Mt allanjude@FreeBSD.org 750