xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/bhyve/uart_emul.c (revision b9f654b163bce26de79705e77b872427c9f2afa1)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2012 NetApp, Inc.
5  * Copyright (c) 2013 Neel Natu <neel@freebsd.org>
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NETAPP, INC ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL NETAPP, INC OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  *
29  * $FreeBSD$
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
34 
35 #include <sys/types.h>
36 #include <dev/ic/ns16550.h>
37 #ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
38 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
39 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
40 #endif
41 
42 #include <stdio.h>
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <assert.h>
45 #include <err.h>
46 #include <errno.h>
47 #include <fcntl.h>
48 #include <termios.h>
49 #include <unistd.h>
50 #include <stdbool.h>
51 #include <string.h>
52 #include <pthread.h>
53 #include <sysexits.h>
54 
55 #include "mevent.h"
56 #include "uart_emul.h"
57 
58 #define	COM1_BASE      	0x3F8
59 #define	COM1_IRQ	4
60 #define	COM2_BASE      	0x2F8
61 #define	COM2_IRQ	3
62 
63 #define	DEFAULT_RCLK	1843200
64 #define	DEFAULT_BAUD	9600
65 
66 #define	FCR_RX_MASK	0xC0
67 
68 #define	MCR_OUT1	0x04
69 #define	MCR_OUT2	0x08
70 
71 #define	MSR_DELTA_MASK	0x0f
72 
73 #ifndef REG_SCR
74 #define	REG_SCR		com_scr
75 #endif
76 
77 #define	FIFOSZ	16
78 
79 static bool uart_stdio;		/* stdio in use for i/o */
80 static struct termios tio_stdio_orig;
81 
82 static struct {
83 	int	baseaddr;
84 	int	irq;
85 	bool	inuse;
86 } uart_lres[] = {
87 	{ COM1_BASE, COM1_IRQ, false},
88 	{ COM2_BASE, COM2_IRQ, false},
89 };
90 
91 #define	UART_NLDEVS	(sizeof(uart_lres) / sizeof(uart_lres[0]))
92 
93 struct fifo {
94 	uint8_t	buf[FIFOSZ];
95 	int	rindex;		/* index to read from */
96 	int	windex;		/* index to write to */
97 	int	num;		/* number of characters in the fifo */
98 	int	size;		/* size of the fifo */
99 };
100 
101 struct ttyfd {
102 	bool	opened;
103 	int	rfd;		/* fd for reading */
104 	int	wfd;		/* fd for writing, may be == rfd */
105 };
106 
107 struct uart_softc {
108 	pthread_mutex_t mtx;	/* protects all softc elements */
109 	uint8_t	data;		/* Data register (R/W) */
110 	uint8_t ier;		/* Interrupt enable register (R/W) */
111 	uint8_t lcr;		/* Line control register (R/W) */
112 	uint8_t mcr;		/* Modem control register (R/W) */
113 	uint8_t lsr;		/* Line status register (R/W) */
114 	uint8_t msr;		/* Modem status register (R/W) */
115 	uint8_t fcr;		/* FIFO control register (W) */
116 	uint8_t scr;		/* Scratch register (R/W) */
117 
118 	uint8_t dll;		/* Baudrate divisor latch LSB */
119 	uint8_t dlh;		/* Baudrate divisor latch MSB */
120 
121 	struct fifo rxfifo;
122 	struct mevent *mev;
123 
124 	struct ttyfd tty;
125 	bool	thre_int_pending;	/* THRE interrupt pending */
126 
127 	void	*arg;
128 	uart_intr_func_t intr_assert;
129 	uart_intr_func_t intr_deassert;
130 };
131 
132 static void uart_drain(int fd, enum ev_type ev, void *arg);
133 
134 static void
135 ttyclose(void)
136 {
137 
138 	tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &tio_stdio_orig);
139 }
140 
141 static void
142 ttyopen(struct ttyfd *tf)
143 {
144 	struct termios orig, new;
145 
146 	tcgetattr(tf->rfd, &orig);
147 	new = orig;
148 	cfmakeraw(&new);
149 	new.c_cflag |= CLOCAL;
150 	tcsetattr(tf->rfd, TCSANOW, &new);
151 	if (uart_stdio) {
152 		tio_stdio_orig = orig;
153 		atexit(ttyclose);
154 	}
155 }
156 
157 static int
158 ttyread(struct ttyfd *tf)
159 {
160 	unsigned char rb;
161 
162 	if (read(tf->rfd, &rb, 1) == 1)
163 		return (rb);
164 	else
165 		return (-1);
166 }
167 
168 static void
169 ttywrite(struct ttyfd *tf, unsigned char wb)
170 {
171 
172 	(void)write(tf->wfd, &wb, 1);
173 }
174 
175 static void
176 rxfifo_reset(struct uart_softc *sc, int size)
177 {
178 	char flushbuf[32];
179 	struct fifo *fifo;
180 	ssize_t nread;
181 	int error;
182 
183 	fifo = &sc->rxfifo;
184 	bzero(fifo, sizeof(struct fifo));
185 	fifo->size = size;
186 
187 	if (sc->tty.opened) {
188 		/*
189 		 * Flush any unread input from the tty buffer.
190 		 */
191 		while (1) {
192 			nread = read(sc->tty.rfd, flushbuf, sizeof(flushbuf));
193 			if (nread != sizeof(flushbuf))
194 				break;
195 		}
196 
197 		/*
198 		 * Enable mevent to trigger when new characters are available
199 		 * on the tty fd.
200 		 */
201 		error = mevent_enable(sc->mev);
202 		assert(error == 0);
203 	}
204 }
205 
206 static int
207 rxfifo_available(struct uart_softc *sc)
208 {
209 	struct fifo *fifo;
210 
211 	fifo = &sc->rxfifo;
212 	return (fifo->num < fifo->size);
213 }
214 
215 static int
216 rxfifo_putchar(struct uart_softc *sc, uint8_t ch)
217 {
218 	struct fifo *fifo;
219 	int error;
220 
221 	fifo = &sc->rxfifo;
222 
223 	if (fifo->num < fifo->size) {
224 		fifo->buf[fifo->windex] = ch;
225 		fifo->windex = (fifo->windex + 1) % fifo->size;
226 		fifo->num++;
227 		if (!rxfifo_available(sc)) {
228 			if (sc->tty.opened) {
229 				/*
230 				 * Disable mevent callback if the FIFO is full.
231 				 */
232 				error = mevent_disable(sc->mev);
233 				assert(error == 0);
234 			}
235 		}
236 		return (0);
237 	} else
238 		return (-1);
239 }
240 
241 static int
242 rxfifo_getchar(struct uart_softc *sc)
243 {
244 	struct fifo *fifo;
245 	int c, error, wasfull;
246 
247 	wasfull = 0;
248 	fifo = &sc->rxfifo;
249 	if (fifo->num > 0) {
250 		if (!rxfifo_available(sc))
251 			wasfull = 1;
252 		c = fifo->buf[fifo->rindex];
253 		fifo->rindex = (fifo->rindex + 1) % fifo->size;
254 		fifo->num--;
255 		if (wasfull) {
256 			if (sc->tty.opened) {
257 				error = mevent_enable(sc->mev);
258 				assert(error == 0);
259 			}
260 		}
261 		return (c);
262 	} else
263 		return (-1);
264 }
265 
266 static int
267 rxfifo_numchars(struct uart_softc *sc)
268 {
269 	struct fifo *fifo = &sc->rxfifo;
270 
271 	return (fifo->num);
272 }
273 
274 static void
275 uart_opentty(struct uart_softc *sc)
276 {
277 
278 	ttyopen(&sc->tty);
279 	sc->mev = mevent_add(sc->tty.rfd, EVF_READ, uart_drain, sc);
280 	assert(sc->mev != NULL);
281 }
282 
283 static uint8_t
284 modem_status(uint8_t mcr)
285 {
286 	uint8_t msr;
287 
288 	if (mcr & MCR_LOOPBACK) {
289 		/*
290 		 * In the loopback mode certain bits from the MCR are
291 		 * reflected back into MSR.
292 		 */
293 		msr = 0;
294 		if (mcr & MCR_RTS)
295 			msr |= MSR_CTS;
296 		if (mcr & MCR_DTR)
297 			msr |= MSR_DSR;
298 		if (mcr & MCR_OUT1)
299 			msr |= MSR_RI;
300 		if (mcr & MCR_OUT2)
301 			msr |= MSR_DCD;
302 	} else {
303 		/*
304 		 * Always assert DCD and DSR so tty open doesn't block
305 		 * even if CLOCAL is turned off.
306 		 */
307 		msr = MSR_DCD | MSR_DSR;
308 	}
309 	assert((msr & MSR_DELTA_MASK) == 0);
310 
311 	return (msr);
312 }
313 
314 /*
315  * The IIR returns a prioritized interrupt reason:
316  * - receive data available
317  * - transmit holding register empty
318  * - modem status change
319  *
320  * Return an interrupt reason if one is available.
321  */
322 static int
323 uart_intr_reason(struct uart_softc *sc)
324 {
325 
326 	if ((sc->lsr & LSR_OE) != 0 && (sc->ier & IER_ERLS) != 0)
327 		return (IIR_RLS);
328 	else if (rxfifo_numchars(sc) > 0 && (sc->ier & IER_ERXRDY) != 0)
329 		return (IIR_RXTOUT);
330 	else if (sc->thre_int_pending && (sc->ier & IER_ETXRDY) != 0)
331 		return (IIR_TXRDY);
332 	else if ((sc->msr & MSR_DELTA_MASK) != 0 && (sc->ier & IER_EMSC) != 0)
333 		return (IIR_MLSC);
334 	else
335 		return (IIR_NOPEND);
336 }
337 
338 static void
339 uart_reset(struct uart_softc *sc)
340 {
341 	uint16_t divisor;
342 
343 	divisor = DEFAULT_RCLK / DEFAULT_BAUD / 16;
344 	sc->dll = divisor;
345 	sc->dlh = divisor >> 16;
346 	sc->msr = modem_status(sc->mcr);
347 
348 	rxfifo_reset(sc, 1);	/* no fifo until enabled by software */
349 }
350 
351 /*
352  * Toggle the COM port's intr pin depending on whether or not we have an
353  * interrupt condition to report to the processor.
354  */
355 static void
356 uart_toggle_intr(struct uart_softc *sc)
357 {
358 	uint8_t intr_reason;
359 
360 	intr_reason = uart_intr_reason(sc);
361 
362 	if (intr_reason == IIR_NOPEND)
363 		(*sc->intr_deassert)(sc->arg);
364 	else
365 		(*sc->intr_assert)(sc->arg);
366 }
367 
368 static void
369 uart_drain(int fd, enum ev_type ev, void *arg)
370 {
371 	struct uart_softc *sc;
372 	int ch;
373 
374 	sc = arg;
375 
376 	assert(fd == sc->tty.rfd);
377 	assert(ev == EVF_READ);
378 
379 	/*
380 	 * This routine is called in the context of the mevent thread
381 	 * to take out the softc lock to protect against concurrent
382 	 * access from a vCPU i/o exit
383 	 */
384 	pthread_mutex_lock(&sc->mtx);
385 
386 	if ((sc->mcr & MCR_LOOPBACK) != 0) {
387 		(void) ttyread(&sc->tty);
388 	} else {
389 		while (rxfifo_available(sc) &&
390 		       ((ch = ttyread(&sc->tty)) != -1)) {
391 			rxfifo_putchar(sc, ch);
392 		}
393 		uart_toggle_intr(sc);
394 	}
395 
396 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&sc->mtx);
397 }
398 
399 void
400 uart_write(struct uart_softc *sc, int offset, uint8_t value)
401 {
402 	int fifosz;
403 	uint8_t msr;
404 
405 	pthread_mutex_lock(&sc->mtx);
406 
407 	/*
408 	 * Take care of the special case DLAB accesses first
409 	 */
410 	if ((sc->lcr & LCR_DLAB) != 0) {
411 		if (offset == REG_DLL) {
412 			sc->dll = value;
413 			goto done;
414 		}
415 
416 		if (offset == REG_DLH) {
417 			sc->dlh = value;
418 			goto done;
419 		}
420 	}
421 
422         switch (offset) {
423 	case REG_DATA:
424 		if (sc->mcr & MCR_LOOPBACK) {
425 			if (rxfifo_putchar(sc, value) != 0)
426 				sc->lsr |= LSR_OE;
427 		} else if (sc->tty.opened) {
428 			ttywrite(&sc->tty, value);
429 		} /* else drop on floor */
430 		sc->thre_int_pending = true;
431 		break;
432 	case REG_IER:
433 		/* Set pending when IER_ETXRDY is raised (edge-triggered). */
434 		if ((sc->ier & IER_ETXRDY) == 0 && (value & IER_ETXRDY) != 0)
435 			sc->thre_int_pending = true;
436 		/*
437 		 * Apply mask so that bits 4-7 are 0
438 		 * Also enables bits 0-3 only if they're 1
439 		 */
440 		sc->ier = value & 0x0F;
441 		break;
442 	case REG_FCR:
443 		/*
444 		 * When moving from FIFO and 16450 mode and vice versa,
445 		 * the FIFO contents are reset.
446 		 */
447 		if ((sc->fcr & FCR_ENABLE) ^ (value & FCR_ENABLE)) {
448 			fifosz = (value & FCR_ENABLE) ? FIFOSZ : 1;
449 			rxfifo_reset(sc, fifosz);
450 		}
451 
452 		/*
453 		 * The FCR_ENABLE bit must be '1' for the programming
454 		 * of other FCR bits to be effective.
455 		 */
456 		if ((value & FCR_ENABLE) == 0) {
457 			sc->fcr = 0;
458 		} else {
459 			if ((value & FCR_RCV_RST) != 0)
460 				rxfifo_reset(sc, FIFOSZ);
461 
462 			sc->fcr = value &
463 				 (FCR_ENABLE | FCR_DMA | FCR_RX_MASK);
464 		}
465 		break;
466 	case REG_LCR:
467 		sc->lcr = value;
468 		break;
469 	case REG_MCR:
470 		/* Apply mask so that bits 5-7 are 0 */
471 		sc->mcr = value & 0x1F;
472 		msr = modem_status(sc->mcr);
473 
474 		/*
475 		 * Detect if there has been any change between the
476 		 * previous and the new value of MSR. If there is
477 		 * then assert the appropriate MSR delta bit.
478 		 */
479 		if ((msr & MSR_CTS) ^ (sc->msr & MSR_CTS))
480 			sc->msr |= MSR_DCTS;
481 		if ((msr & MSR_DSR) ^ (sc->msr & MSR_DSR))
482 			sc->msr |= MSR_DDSR;
483 		if ((msr & MSR_DCD) ^ (sc->msr & MSR_DCD))
484 			sc->msr |= MSR_DDCD;
485 		if ((sc->msr & MSR_RI) != 0 && (msr & MSR_RI) == 0)
486 			sc->msr |= MSR_TERI;
487 
488 		/*
489 		 * Update the value of MSR while retaining the delta
490 		 * bits.
491 		 */
492 		sc->msr &= MSR_DELTA_MASK;
493 		sc->msr |= msr;
494 		break;
495 	case REG_LSR:
496 		/*
497 		 * Line status register is not meant to be written to
498 		 * during normal operation.
499 		 */
500 		break;
501 	case REG_MSR:
502 		/*
503 		 * As far as I can tell MSR is a read-only register.
504 		 */
505 		break;
506 	case REG_SCR:
507 		sc->scr = value;
508 		break;
509 	default:
510 		break;
511 	}
512 
513 done:
514 	uart_toggle_intr(sc);
515 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&sc->mtx);
516 }
517 
518 uint8_t
519 uart_read(struct uart_softc *sc, int offset)
520 {
521 	uint8_t iir, intr_reason, reg;
522 
523 	pthread_mutex_lock(&sc->mtx);
524 
525 	/*
526 	 * Take care of the special case DLAB accesses first
527 	 */
528 	if ((sc->lcr & LCR_DLAB) != 0) {
529 		if (offset == REG_DLL) {
530 			reg = sc->dll;
531 			goto done;
532 		}
533 
534 		if (offset == REG_DLH) {
535 			reg = sc->dlh;
536 			goto done;
537 		}
538 	}
539 
540 	switch (offset) {
541 	case REG_DATA:
542 		reg = rxfifo_getchar(sc);
543 		break;
544 	case REG_IER:
545 		reg = sc->ier;
546 		break;
547 	case REG_IIR:
548 		iir = (sc->fcr & FCR_ENABLE) ? IIR_FIFO_MASK : 0;
549 
550 		intr_reason = uart_intr_reason(sc);
551 
552 		/*
553 		 * Deal with side effects of reading the IIR register
554 		 */
555 		if (intr_reason == IIR_TXRDY)
556 			sc->thre_int_pending = false;
557 
558 		iir |= intr_reason;
559 
560 		reg = iir;
561 		break;
562 	case REG_LCR:
563 		reg = sc->lcr;
564 		break;
565 	case REG_MCR:
566 		reg = sc->mcr;
567 		break;
568 	case REG_LSR:
569 		/* Transmitter is always ready for more data */
570 		sc->lsr |= LSR_TEMT | LSR_THRE;
571 
572 		/* Check for new receive data */
573 		if (rxfifo_numchars(sc) > 0)
574 			sc->lsr |= LSR_RXRDY;
575 		else
576 			sc->lsr &= ~LSR_RXRDY;
577 
578 		reg = sc->lsr;
579 
580 		/* The LSR_OE bit is cleared on LSR read */
581 		sc->lsr &= ~LSR_OE;
582 		break;
583 	case REG_MSR:
584 		/*
585 		 * MSR delta bits are cleared on read
586 		 */
587 		reg = sc->msr;
588 		sc->msr &= ~MSR_DELTA_MASK;
589 		break;
590 	case REG_SCR:
591 		reg = sc->scr;
592 		break;
593 	default:
594 		reg = 0xFF;
595 		break;
596 	}
597 
598 done:
599 	uart_toggle_intr(sc);
600 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&sc->mtx);
601 
602 	return (reg);
603 }
604 
605 int
606 uart_legacy_alloc(int which, int *baseaddr, int *irq)
607 {
608 
609 	if (which < 0 || which >= UART_NLDEVS || uart_lres[which].inuse)
610 		return (-1);
611 
612 	uart_lres[which].inuse = true;
613 	*baseaddr = uart_lres[which].baseaddr;
614 	*irq = uart_lres[which].irq;
615 
616 	return (0);
617 }
618 
619 struct uart_softc *
620 uart_init(uart_intr_func_t intr_assert, uart_intr_func_t intr_deassert,
621     void *arg)
622 {
623 	struct uart_softc *sc;
624 
625 	sc = calloc(1, sizeof(struct uart_softc));
626 
627 	sc->arg = arg;
628 	sc->intr_assert = intr_assert;
629 	sc->intr_deassert = intr_deassert;
630 
631 	pthread_mutex_init(&sc->mtx, NULL);
632 
633 	uart_reset(sc);
634 
635 	return (sc);
636 }
637 
638 static int
639 uart_stdio_backend(struct uart_softc *sc)
640 {
641 #ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
642 	cap_rights_t rights;
643 	cap_ioctl_t cmds[] = { TIOCGETA, TIOCSETA, TIOCGWINSZ };
644 #endif
645 
646 	if (uart_stdio)
647 		return (-1);
648 
649 	sc->tty.rfd = STDIN_FILENO;
650 	sc->tty.wfd = STDOUT_FILENO;
651 	sc->tty.opened = true;
652 
653 	if (fcntl(sc->tty.rfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) != 0)
654 		return (-1);
655 	if (fcntl(sc->tty.wfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) != 0)
656 		return (-1);
657 
658 #ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
659 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_EVENT, CAP_IOCTL, CAP_READ);
660 	if (caph_rights_limit(sc->tty.rfd, &rights) == -1)
661 		errx(EX_OSERR, "Unable to apply rights for sandbox");
662 	if (caph_ioctls_limit(sc->tty.rfd, cmds, nitems(cmds)) == -1)
663 		errx(EX_OSERR, "Unable to apply rights for sandbox");
664 #endif
665 
666 	uart_stdio = true;
667 
668 	return (0);
669 }
670 
671 static int
672 uart_tty_backend(struct uart_softc *sc, const char *opts)
673 {
674 #ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
675 	cap_rights_t rights;
676 	cap_ioctl_t cmds[] = { TIOCGETA, TIOCSETA, TIOCGWINSZ };
677 #endif
678 	int fd;
679 
680 	fd = open(opts, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
681 	if (fd < 0 || !isatty(fd))
682 		return (-1);
683 
684 	sc->tty.rfd = sc->tty.wfd = fd;
685 	sc->tty.opened = true;
686 
687 #ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
688 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_EVENT, CAP_IOCTL, CAP_READ, CAP_WRITE);
689 	if (caph_rights_limit(fd, &rights) == -1)
690 		errx(EX_OSERR, "Unable to apply rights for sandbox");
691 	if (caph_ioctls_limit(fd, cmds, nitems(cmds)) == -1)
692 		errx(EX_OSERR, "Unable to apply rights for sandbox");
693 #endif
694 
695 	return (0);
696 }
697 
698 int
699 uart_set_backend(struct uart_softc *sc, const char *opts)
700 {
701 	int retval;
702 
703 	if (opts == NULL)
704 		return (0);
705 
706 	if (strcmp("stdio", opts) == 0)
707 		retval = uart_stdio_backend(sc);
708 	else
709 		retval = uart_tty_backend(sc, opts);
710 	if (retval == 0)
711 		uart_opentty(sc);
712 
713 	return (retval);
714 }
715