xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/bhyve/bhyve.8 (revision cfd6422a5217410fbd66f7a7a8a64d9d85e61229)
1.\" Copyright (c) 2013 Peter Grehan
2.\" All rights reserved.
3.\"
4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6.\" are met:
7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12.\"
13.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
14.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
15.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
16.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
17.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
18.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
19.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
20.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
21.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
22.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
23.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
24.\"
25.\" $FreeBSD$
26.\"
27.Dd January 18, 2021
28.Dt BHYVE 8
29.Os
30.Sh NAME
31.Nm bhyve
32.Nd "run a guest operating system inside a virtual machine"
33.Sh SYNOPSIS
34.Nm
35.Op Fl AaCDeHhPSuWwxY
36.Oo
37.Sm off
38.Fl c\~
39.Oo
40.Op Cm cpus=
41.Ar numcpus
42.Oc
43.Op Cm ,sockets= Ar n
44.Op Cm ,cores= Ar n
45.Op Cm ,threads= Ar n
46.Oc
47.Sm on
48.Op Fl G Ar port
49.Oo Fl l
50.Sm off
51.Cm help | Ar lpcdev Op Cm \&, Ar conf
52.Sm on
53.Oc
54.Oo Fl m
55.Sm off
56.Ar memsize
57.Oo
58.Cm K No | Cm k No | Cm M No | Cm m No | Cm G No | Cm g No | Cm T No | Cm t
59.Oc
60.Sm on
61.Oc
62.Op Fl p Ar vcpu Ns Cm \&: Ns Ar hostcpu
63.Op Fl r Ar file
64.Oo Fl s
65.Sm off
66.Cm help | Ar slot Cm \&, Ar emulation Op Cm \&, Ar conf
67.Sm on
68.Oc
69.Op Fl U Ar uuid
70.Ar vmname
71.Sh DESCRIPTION
72.Nm
73is a hypervisor that runs guest operating systems inside a
74virtual machine.
75.Pp
76Parameters such as the number of virtual CPUs, amount of guest memory, and
77I/O connectivity can be specified with command-line parameters.
78.Pp
79If not using a boot ROM, the guest operating system must be loaded with
80.Xr bhyveload 8
81or a similar boot loader before running
82.Nm ,
83otherwise, it is enough to run
84.Nm
85with a boot ROM of choice.
86.Pp
87.Nm
88runs until the guest operating system reboots or an unhandled hypervisor
89exit is detected.
90.Sh OPTIONS
91.Bl -tag -width 10n
92.It Fl a
93The guest's local APIC is configured in xAPIC mode.
94The xAPIC mode is the default setting so this option is redundant.
95It will be deprecated in a future version.
96.It Fl A
97Generate ACPI tables.
98Required for
99.Fx Ns /amd64
100guests.
101.It Fl c Op Ar setting ...
102Number of guest virtual CPUs
103and/or the CPU topology.
104The default value for each of
105.Ar numcpus ,
106.Ar sockets ,
107.Ar cores ,
108and
109.Ar threads
110is 1.
111The current maximum number of guest virtual CPUs is 16.
112If
113.Ar numcpus
114is not specified then it will be calculated from the other arguments.
115The topology must be consistent in that the
116.Ar numcpus
117must equal the product of
118.Ar sockets ,
119.Ar cores ,
120and
121.Ar threads .
122If a
123.Ar setting
124is specified more than once the last one has precedence.
125.It Fl C
126Include guest memory in core file.
127.It Fl D
128Destroy the VM on guest initiated power-off.
129.It Fl e
130Force
131.Nm
132to exit when a guest issues an access to an I/O port that is not emulated.
133This is intended for debug purposes.
134.It Fl G Ar port
135Start a debug server that uses the GDB protocol to export guest state to a
136debugger.
137An IPv4 TCP socket will be bound to the supplied
138.Ar port
139to listen for debugger connections.
140Only a single debugger may be attached to the debug server at a time.
141If
142.Ar port
143begins with
144.Sq w ,
145.Nm
146will pause execution at the first instruction waiting for a debugger to attach.
147.It Fl h
148Print help message and exit.
149.It Fl H
150Yield the virtual CPU thread when a HLT instruction is detected.
151If this option is not specified, virtual CPUs will use 100% of a host CPU.
152.It Fl l Op Ar help|lpcdev Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
153Allow devices behind the LPC PCI-ISA bridge to be configured.
154The only supported devices are the TTY-class devices
155.Ar com1
156through
157.Ar com4 ,
158the boot ROM device
159.Ar bootrom ,
160and the debug/test device
161.Ar pc-testdev .
162.Pp
163.Ar help
164print a list of supported LPC devices.
165.It Fl m Ar memsize Ns Op Ar K|k|M|m|G|g|T|t
166Guest physical memory size in bytes.
167This must be the same size that was given to
168.Xr bhyveload 8 .
169.Pp
170The size argument may be suffixed with one of K, M, G or T (either upper
171or lower case) to indicate a multiple of kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes,
172or terabytes.
173If no suffix is given, the value is assumed to be in megabytes.
174.Pp
175.Ar memsize
176defaults to 256M.
177.It Fl p Ar vcpu:hostcpu
178Pin guest's virtual CPU
179.Em vcpu
180to
181.Em hostcpu .
182.It Fl P
183Force the guest virtual CPU to exit when a PAUSE instruction is detected.
184.It Fl r Ar file
185Resume a guest from a snapshot.
186The guest memory contents are restored from
187.Ar file ,
188and the guest device and vCPU state are restored from the file
189.Dq Ar file Ns .kern .
190.Pp
191Note that the current snapshot file format requires that the configuration of
192devices in the new VM match the VM from which the snapshot was taken by specifying the
193same
194.Op Fl s
195and
196.Op Fl l
197options.
198The count of vCPUs and memory configuration are read from the snapshot.
199.It Fl s Op Ar help|slot,emulation Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
200Configure a virtual PCI slot and function.
201.Pp
202.Nm
203provides PCI bus emulation and virtual devices that can be attached to
204slots on the bus.
205There are 32 available slots, with the option of providing up to 8 functions
206per slot.
207.Bl -tag -width 10n
208.It Ar help
209print a list of supported PCI devices.
210.It Ar slot
211.Ar pcislot[:function]
212.Ar bus:pcislot:function
213.Pp
214The
215.Ar pcislot
216value is 0 to 31.
217The optional
218.Ar function
219value is 0 to 7.
220The optional
221.Ar bus
222value is 0 to 255.
223If not specified, the
224.Ar function
225value defaults to 0.
226If not specified, the
227.Ar bus
228value defaults to 0.
229.It Ar emulation
230.Bl -tag -width 10n
231.It Li hostbridge | Li amd_hostbridge
232.Pp
233Provide a simple host bridge.
234This is usually configured at slot 0, and is required by most guest
235operating systems.
236The
237.Li amd_hostbridge
238emulation is identical but uses a PCI vendor ID of
239.Li AMD .
240.It Li passthru
241PCI pass-through device.
242.It Li virtio-net
243Virtio network interface.
244.It Li virtio-blk
245Virtio block storage interface.
246.It Li virtio-scsi
247Virtio SCSI interface.
248.It Li virtio-9p
249Virtio 9p (VirtFS) interface.
250.It Li virtio-rnd
251Virtio RNG interface.
252.It Li virtio-console
253Virtio console interface, which exposes multiple ports
254to the guest in the form of simple char devices for simple IO
255between the guest and host userspaces.
256.It Li ahci
257AHCI controller attached to arbitrary devices.
258.It Li ahci-cd
259AHCI controller attached to an ATAPI CD/DVD.
260.It Li ahci-hd
261AHCI controller attached to a SATA hard-drive.
262.It Li e1000
263Intel e82545 network interface.
264.It Li uart
265PCI 16550 serial device.
266.It Li lpc
267LPC PCI-ISA bridge with COM1 and COM2 16550 serial ports, a boot ROM, and,
268optionally, the debug/test device.
269The LPC bridge emulation can only be configured on bus 0.
270.It Li fbuf
271Raw framebuffer device attached to VNC server.
272.It Li xhci
273eXtensible Host Controller Interface (xHCI) USB controller.
274.It Li nvme
275NVM Express (NVMe) controller.
276.It Li hda
277High Definition Audio Controller.
278.El
279.It Op Ar conf
280This optional parameter describes the backend for device emulations.
281If
282.Ar conf
283is not specified, the device emulation has no backend and can be
284considered unconnected.
285.Pp
286Network backends:
287.Bl -tag -width 10n
288.It Ar tapN Ns Oo , Ns Ar mac=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Oc Ns Oo , Ns Ar mtu=N Oc
289.It Ar vmnetN Ns Oo , Ns Ar mac=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Oc Ns Oo , Ns Ar mtu=N Oc
290.It Ar netgraph,path=ADDRESS,peerhook=HOOK Ns Oo , Ns Ar socket=NAME Oc Ns Oo , Ns Ar hook=HOOK Oc Ns Oo , Ns Ar mac=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Oc Ns Oo , Ns Ar mtu=N Oc
291.Pp
292If
293.Ar mac
294is not specified, the MAC address is derived from a fixed OUI and the
295remaining bytes from an MD5 hash of the slot and function numbers and
296the device name.
297.Pp
298The MAC address is an ASCII string in
299.Xr ethers 5
300format.
301.Pp
302With virtio-net devices, the
303.Ar mtu
304parameter can be specified to inform the guest about the largest MTU
305that should be allowed, expressed in bytes.
306.Pp
307With netgraph backend, the
308.Ar path
309and
310.Ar peerhook
311parameters must be specified to set the destination node and corresponding hook.
312The optional parameters
313.Ar socket
314and
315.Ar hook
316may be used to set the
317.Xr ng_socket 4
318node name and source hook.
319The
320.Ar ADDRESS ,
321.Ar HOOK
322and
323.Ar NAME
324must comply with
325.Xr netgraph 4
326addressing rules.
327.El
328.Pp
329Block storage devices:
330.Bl -tag -width 10n
331.It Pa /filename Ns Oo , Ns Ar block-device-options Oc
332.It Pa /dev/xxx Ns Oo , Ns Ar block-device-options Oc
333.El
334.Pp
335The
336.Ar block-device-options
337are:
338.Bl -tag -width 8n
339.It Li nocache
340Open the file with
341.Dv O_DIRECT .
342.It Li direct
343Open the file using
344.Dv O_SYNC .
345.It Li ro
346Force the file to be opened read-only.
347.It Li sectorsize= Ns Ar logical Ns Oo / Ns Ar physical Oc
348Specify the logical and physical sector sizes of the emulated disk.
349The physical sector size is optional and is equal to the logical sector size
350if not explicitly specified.
351.It Li nodelete
352Disable emulation of guest trim requests via
353.Dv DIOCGDELETE
354requests.
355.El
356.Pp
357SCSI devices:
358.Bl -tag -width 10n
359.It Pa /dev/cam/ctl Ns Oo Ar pp . Ns Ar vp Oc Ns Oo , Ns Ar scsi-device-options Oc
360.El
361.Pp
362The
363.Ar scsi-device-options
364are:
365.Bl -tag -width 10n
366.It Li iid= Ns Ar IID
367Initiator ID to use when sending requests to specified CTL port.
368The default value is 0.
369.El
370.Pp
3719P devices:
372.Bl -tag -width 10n
373.It Pa sharename=/path/to/share[,9p-device-options]
374.El
375.Pp
376The
377.Ar 9p-device-options
378are:
379.Bl -tag -width 10n
380.It Li ro
381Expose the share in read-only mode.
382.El
383.Pp
384TTY devices:
385.Bl -tag -width 10n
386.It Li stdio
387Connect the serial port to the standard input and output of
388the
389.Nm
390process.
391.It Pa /dev/xxx
392Use the host TTY device for serial port I/O.
393.El
394.Pp
395Boot ROM device:
396.Bl -tag -width 10n
397.It Pa romfile
398Map
399.Ar romfile
400in the guest address space reserved for boot firmware.
401.El
402.Pp
403Pass-through devices:
404.Bl -tag -width 10n
405.It Ns Ar slot Ns / Ns Ar bus Ns / Ns Ar function
406Connect to a PCI device on the host at the selector described by
407.Ar slot ,
408.Ar bus ,
409and
410.Ar function
411numbers.
412.El
413.Pp
414Guest memory must be wired using the
415.Fl S
416option when a pass-through device is configured.
417.Pp
418The host device must have been reserved at boot-time using the
419.Va pptdevs
420loader variable as described in
421.Xr vmm 4 .
422.Pp
423Virtio console devices:
424.Bl -tag -width 10n
425.It Li port1= Ns Pa /path/to/port1.sock Ns ,anotherport= Ns Pa ...
426A maximum of 16 ports per device can be created.
427Every port is named and corresponds to a Unix domain socket created by
428.Nm .
429.Nm
430accepts at most one connection per port at a time.
431.Pp
432Limitations:
433.Bl -bullet -offset 2n
434.It
435Due to lack of destructors in
436.Nm ,
437sockets on the filesystem must be cleaned up manually after
438.Nm
439exits.
440.It
441There is no way to use the "console port" feature, nor the console port
442resize at present.
443.It
444Emergency write is advertised, but no-op at present.
445.El
446.El
447.Pp
448Framebuffer devices:
449.Bl -tag -width 10n
450.It Xo
451.Oo rfb= Ns Oo Ar IP\&: Oc Ns Ar port Oc Ns Oo ,w= Ns Ar width Oc Ns Oo ,h= Ns
452.Ar height Oc Ns Oo ,vga= Ns Ar vgaconf Oc Ns Oo Ns ,wait Oc Ns Oo ,password= Ns
453.Ar password Oc
454.Xc
455.Bl -tag -width 8n
456.It Ar IPv4:port No or Ar [IPv6%zone]:port
457An
458.Ar IP
459address and a
460.Ar port
461VNC should listen on.
462The default is to listen on localhost IPv4 address and default VNC port 5900.
463An IPv6 address must be enclosed in square brackets and may contain an
464optional zone identifier.
465.It Ar width No and Ar height
466A display resolution, width and height, respectively.
467If not specified, a default resolution of 1024x768 pixels will be used.
468Minimal supported resolution is 640x480 pixels,
469and maximum is 1920x1200 pixels.
470.It Ar vgaconf
471Possible values for this option are
472.Dq io
473(default),
474.Dq on
475, and
476.Dq off .
477PCI graphics cards have a dual personality in that they are
478standard PCI devices with BAR addressing, but may also
479implicitly decode legacy VGA I/O space
480.Pq Ad 0x3c0-3df
481and memory space
482.Pq 64KB at Ad 0xA0000 .
483The default
484.Dq io
485option should be used for guests that attempt to issue BIOS calls which result
486in I/O port queries, and fail to boot if I/O decode is disabled.
487.Pp
488The
489.Dq on
490option should be used along with the CSM BIOS capability in UEFI
491to boot traditional BIOS guests that require the legacy VGA I/O and
492memory regions to be available.
493.Pp
494The
495.Dq off
496option should be used for the UEFI guests that assume that
497VGA adapter is present if they detect the I/O ports.
498An example of such a guest is
499.Ox
500in UEFI mode.
501.Pp
502Please refer to the
503.Nm
504.Fx
505wiki page
506.Pq Lk https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve
507for configuration notes of particular guests.
508.It wait
509Instruct
510.Nm
511to only boot upon the initiation of a VNC connection, simplifying the
512installation of operating systems that require immediate keyboard input.
513This can be removed for post-installation use.
514.It password
515This type of authentication is known to be cryptographically weak and is not
516intended for use on untrusted networks.
517Many implementations will want to use stronger security, such as running
518the session over an encrypted channel provided by IPsec or SSH.
519.El
520.El
521.Pp
522xHCI USB devices:
523.Bl -tag -width 10n
524.It Li tablet
525A USB tablet device which provides precise cursor synchronization
526when using VNC.
527.El
528.Pp
529NVMe devices:
530.Bl -tag -width 10n
531.It Li devpath
532Accepted device paths are:
533.Ar /dev/blockdev
534or
535.Ar /path/to/image
536or
537.Ar ram=size_in_MiB .
538.It Li maxq
539Max number of queues.
540.It Li qsz
541Max elements in each queue.
542.It Li ioslots
543Max number of concurrent I/O requests.
544.It Li sectsz
545Sector size (defaults to blockif sector size).
546.It Li ser
547Serial number with maximum 20 characters.
548.El
549.Pp
550AHCI devices:
551.Bl -tag -width 10n
552.It Li nmrr
553Nominal Media Rotation Rate, known as RPM. value 1 will indicate device as Solid State Disk. default value is 0, not report.
554.It Li ser
555Serial Number with maximum 20 characters.
556.It Li rev
557Revision Number with maximum 8 characters.
558.It Li model
559Model Number with maximum 40 characters.
560.El
561.Pp
562HD Audio devices:
563.Bl -tag -width 10n
564.It Li play
565Playback device, typically
566.Ar /dev/dsp0 .
567.It Li rec
568Recording device, typically
569.Ar /dev/dsp0 .
570.El
571.El
572.It Fl S
573Wire guest memory.
574.It Fl u
575RTC keeps UTC time.
576.It Fl U Ar uuid
577Set the universally unique identifier
578.Pq UUID
579in the guest's System Management BIOS System Information structure.
580By default a UUID is generated from the host's hostname and
581.Ar vmname .
582.It Fl w
583Ignore accesses to unimplemented Model Specific Registers (MSRs).
584This is intended for debug purposes.
585.It Fl W
586Force virtio PCI device emulations to use MSI interrupts instead of MSI-X
587interrupts.
588.It Fl x
589The guest's local APIC is configured in x2APIC mode.
590.It Fl Y
591Disable MPtable generation.
592.It Ar vmname
593Alphanumeric name of the guest.
594This should be the same as that created by
595.Xr bhyveload 8 .
596.El
597.Sh DEBUG SERVER
598The current debug server provides limited support for debuggers.
599.Ss Registers
600Each virtual CPU is exposed to the debugger as a thread.
601.Pp
602General purpose registers can be queried for each virtual CPU, but other
603registers such as floating-point and system registers cannot be queried.
604.Ss Memory
605Memory (including memory mapped I/O regions) can be read and written by the debugger.
606Memory operations use virtual addresses that are resolved to physical addresses
607via the current virtual CPU's active address translation.
608.Ss Control
609The running guest can be interrupted by the debugger at any time
610.Pq for example, by pressing Ctrl-C in the debugger .
611.Pp
612Single stepping is only supported on Intel CPUs supporting the MTRAP VM exit.
613.Pp
614Breakpoints are supported on Intel CPUs that support single stepping.
615Note that continuing from a breakpoint while interrupts are enabled in the
616guest may not work as expected due to timer interrupts firing while single
617stepping over the breakpoint.
618.Sh SIGNAL HANDLING
619.Nm
620deals with the following signals:
621.Pp
622.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
623.It SIGTERM
624Trigger ACPI poweroff for a VM
625.El
626.Sh EXIT STATUS
627Exit status indicates how the VM was terminated:
628.Pp
629.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
630.It 0
631rebooted
632.It 1
633powered off
634.It 2
635halted
636.It 3
637triple fault
638.It 4
639exited due to an error
640.El
641.Sh EXAMPLES
642If not using a boot ROM, the guest operating system must have been loaded with
643.Xr bhyveload 8
644or a similar boot loader before
645.Xr bhyve 4
646can be run.
647Otherwise, the boot loader is not needed.
648.Pp
649To run a virtual machine with 1GB of memory, two virtual CPUs, a virtio
650block device backed by the
651.Pa /my/image
652filesystem image, and a serial port for the console:
653.Bd -literal -offset indent
654bhyve -c 2 -s 0,hostbridge -s 1,lpc -s 2,virtio-blk,/my/image \\
655  -l com1,stdio -A -H -P -m 1G vm1
656.Ed
657.Pp
658Run a 24GB single-CPU virtual machine with three network ports, one of which
659has a MAC address specified:
660.Bd -literal -offset indent
661bhyve -s 0,hostbridge -s 1,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\
662  -s 2:1,virtio-net,tap1 \\
663  -s 2:2,virtio-net,tap2,mac=00:be:fa:76:45:00 \\
664  -s 3,virtio-blk,/my/image -l com1,stdio \\
665  -A -H -P -m 24G bigvm
666.Ed
667.Pp
668Run an 8GB quad-CPU virtual machine with 8 AHCI SATA disks, an AHCI ATAPI
669CD-ROM, a single virtio network port, an AMD hostbridge, and the console
670port connected to an
671.Xr nmdm 4
672null-modem device.
673.Bd -literal -offset indent
674bhyve -c 4 \\
675  -s 0,amd_hostbridge -s 1,lpc \\
676  -s 1:0,ahci,hd:/images/disk.1,hd:/images/disk.2,\\
677hd:/images/disk.3,hd:/images/disk.4,\\
678hd:/images/disk.5,hd:/images/disk.6,\\
679hd:/images/disk.7,hd:/images/disk.8,\\
680cd:/images/install.iso \\
681  -s 3,virtio-net,tap0 \\
682  -l com1,/dev/nmdm0A \\
683  -A -H -P -m 8G
684.Ed
685.Pp
686Run a UEFI virtual machine with a display resolution of 800 by 600 pixels
687that can be accessed via VNC at: 0.0.0.0:5900.
688.Bd -literal -offset indent
689bhyve -c 2 -m 4G -w -H \\
690  -s 0,hostbridge \\
691  -s 3,ahci-cd,/path/to/uefi-OS-install.iso \\
692  -s 4,ahci-hd,disk.img \\
693  -s 5,virtio-net,tap0 \\
694  -s 29,fbuf,tcp=0.0.0.0:5900,w=800,h=600,wait \\
695  -s 30,xhci,tablet \\
696  -s 31,lpc -l com1,stdio \\
697  -l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\
698   uefivm
699.Ed
700.Pp
701Run a UEFI virtual machine with a VNC display that is bound to all IPv6
702addresses on port 5900.
703.Bd -literal -offset indent
704bhyve -c 2 -m 4G -w -H \\
705  -s 0,hostbridge \\
706  -s 4,ahci-hd,disk.img \\
707  -s 5,virtio-net,tap0 \\
708  -s 29,fbuf,tcp=[::]:5900,w=800,h=600 \\
709  -s 30,xhci,tablet \\
710  -s 31,lpc -l com1,stdio \\
711  -l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\
712   uefivm
713.Ed
714.Sh SEE ALSO
715.Xr bhyve 4 ,
716.Xr netgraph 4 ,
717.Xr ng_socket 4 ,
718.Xr nmdm 4 ,
719.Xr vmm 4 ,
720.Xr ethers 5 ,
721.Xr bhyvectl 8 ,
722.Xr bhyveload 8
723.Pp
724.Rs
725.%A Intel
726.%B 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual
727.%V Volume 3
728.Re
729.Sh HISTORY
730.Nm
731first appeared in
732.Fx 10.0 .
733.Sh AUTHORS
734.An Neel Natu Aq Mt neel@freebsd.org
735.An Peter Grehan Aq Mt grehan@freebsd.org
736