1.\" Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>. Berlin. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 13.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 14.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 15.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 16.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 17.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 18.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 19.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 20.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 21.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 22.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 23.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 24.\" 25.\" $Id: adduser.8,v 1.11 1996/08/27 20:04:33 wosch Exp $ 26 27.Dd Jan, 9, 1995 28.Dt ADDUSER 8 29.Os FreeBSD 2.1 30.Sh NAME 31.Nm adduser 32.Nd command for adding new users 33 34.Sh SYNOPSIS 35.Nm adduser 36 [-batch username [group[,group]...] [fullname] [password]] 37 [-check_only] [-config_create] [-dotdir dotdir] 38 [-group login_group] [-h|-help] [-home home] 39 [-message message_file] [-noconfig] [-shell shell] 40 [-s|-silent|-q|-quit] [-uid uid_start] [-v|-verbose] 41 42 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44.Nm Adduser 45is a simple program for adding new users. Adduser checks 46passwd, group and shell database. It creates passwd/group entry, 47HOME-directory, dotfiles and sends new user a welcome message. 48 49.Sh RESTRICTION 50.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact 51.It Sy username 52Login name. Only lowercase characters or digits. Maximum length 53is 8 characters (see 54.Xr setlogin 2 55BUGS section). 56The reasons for this limit are "Historical". 57Given that people have traditionally wanted to break this 58limit for aesthetic reasons, it's never been of great importance to break 59such a basic fundamental parameter in UNIX. 60You can change UT_NAMESIZE in /usr/include/utmp.h and recompile the 61world; people have done this and it works, but you will have problems 62with any precompiled programs, or source that assumes the 8-character 63name limit and NIS. The NIS protocol mandates an 8-character username. 64If you need a longer login name for e-mail addresses, 65you can define an alias in 66.Pa /etc/aliases . 67.It Sy fullname 68Firstname and surname. 69.Ql Pa \: 70not allowed. 71.It Sy shell 72Only valid shells from shell database or sliplogin and pppd 73.It Sy uid 74Automatically generated or your choice, less than 32000. 75.It Sy gid/login group 76Your choice or automatically generated. 77.It Sy password 78If not empty, password is encoded with crypt. 79.El 80 81.Sh UNIQUE GROUP 82Perhaps you're missing what *can* be done with this scheme that falls apart 83with most other schemes. With each user in his/her own group the user can 84safely run with a umask of 002 and have files created in their home directory 85and not worry about others being able to read them. 86 87For a shared area you create a separate uid/gid (like cvs or ncvs on freefall), 88you place each person that should be able to access this area into that new 89group. 90 91This model of uid/gid administration allows far greater flexibility than lumping 92users into groups and having to muck with the umask when working in a shared 93area. 94 95I have been using this model for almost 10 years and found that it works 96for most situations, and has never gotten in the way. (Rod Grimes) 97 98.Sh CONFIGURATION 99.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact 100.It Sy 1. 101Read intern variables. 102.It Sy 2. 103Read config file (/etc/adduser.conf) 104.It Sy 3. 105Parse command line options 106.El 107 108.Sh OPTIONS 109.Bl -tag -width Ds 110.It Sy -batch username [group[,group]...] [fullname] [password] 111Batch mode. 112 113.It Sy -check_only 114Check /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shells and exit. 115 116.It Sy -create_config 117Create new config and message file and exit. 118 119.It Sy -dotdir Ar directory 120Copy files from 121.Ar directory 122into the HOME-directory of new users, 123.Ql Pa dot.foo 124files renamed to 125.Ql Pa .foo . 126Don't copy files if 127.Ar directory 128equal with 129.Ar no . 130For security make all files writable and readable for owner, 131don't allow group or world to write files and allow only owner 132to read/execute/write .rhost, .Xauthority, .kermrc, .netrc, Mail, 133prv, iscreen, term. 134 135.It Sy -group Ar login_group 136Login group. 137.Ar USER 138means use username as login group. 139 140.It Sy -help,-h,-? 141Print options and exit. 142 143.It Sy -home Ar partition 144Default home partition where all users located. 145 146.It Sy -message Ar file 147Send new users a welcome message. 148Don't send message if 149.Ar file 150equal with 151.Ar no . 152 153.It Sy -noconfig 154Do not read config file. 155 156.It Sy -shell Ar shell 157Default shell for new users. 158 159.It Sy -silent,-s,-quit,-q 160Few warnings, question, bug reports. 161 162.It Sy -uid Ar uid 163Use uid's from 164.Ar uid 165up. 166 167.It Sy -verbose,-v 168Many warning, question. Recommended for novice users. 169 170 171 172.Sh FORMATS 173.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact 174.Ql Pa # 175is a comment. 176 177.P 178.It Sy config file 179.Nm Adduser 180reads and writes this file. 181See /etc/adduser.conf for more details. 182.It Sy message file 183Eval variables in this file. See /etc/adduser.message for more 184details. 185.El 186 187.Sh EXAMPLES 188.Pp 189$ adduser 190.Pp 191Start adduser in interactive mode. 192 193.Pp 194$ adduser -batch baerenklau guest,staff,baer 'Teddy II' qwerty7 195.Pp 196Create user 'baerenklau' and login group 'baerenklau'. Invite user 197baerenklau into groups guest, staff and baer. Realname (fullname) 198is 'Teddy II'. Password is 'qwerty7' (don't use such password!). Create 199HOME directory '/home/baerenklau' and copy all files and directories 200from /usr/share/skel to /home/baerenklau. Send user baerenklau 201a welcome message. 202 203.Pp 204$ adduser -uid 5000 -group guest -message no -batch vehlefanz 205.Pp 206Create user 'vehlefanz'. Login group is guest. Uid is up to 2075000, for instance 5007. No other groups, no realname, no password. 208Do not send a welcome message. 209 210.Sh FILES 211.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwdxx -compact 212.It Pa /etc/master.passwd 213user database 214.It Pa /etc/group 215group database 216.It Pa /etc/shells 217shell database 218.It Pa /etc/adduser.conf 219config file for adduser 220.It Pa /etc/adduser.message 221message file for adduser 222.It Pa /usr/share/skel 223skeletal login directory 224.It Pa /var/log/adduser 225logfile for adduser 226.El 227 228.Sh SEE ALSO 229.Xr chpass 1 , 230.Xr finger 1 , 231.Xr passwd 1 , 232.Xr setlogin 2 , 233.Xr yp 4 , 234.Xr aliases 5 , 235.Xr passwd 5 , 236.Xr group 5 , 237.Xr shells 5 , 238.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 , 239.Xr vipw 8 240 241.\" .Sh BUGS 242 243.Sh HISTORY 244The 245.Nm 246command appeared in 247.Fx 2.1 . 248