1.\" Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>. Berlin. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 13.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 14.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 15.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 16.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 17.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 18.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 19.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 20.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 21.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 22.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 23.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 24.\" 25.\" $Id: adduser.8,v 1.26 1998/08/17 18:50:29 wosch Exp $ 26.\" 27.Dd January 9, 1995 28.Dt ADDUSER 8 29.Os FreeBSD 2.1 30.Sh NAME 31.Nm adduser 32.Nd command for adding new users 33.Sh SYNOPSIS 34.Nm adduser 35.Op Fl check_only 36.br 37.Op Fl class Ar login_class 38.br 39.Op Fl config_create 40.br 41.Op Fl dotdir Ar dotdir 42.br 43.Op Fl group Ar login_group 44.br 45.Op Fl h | help 46.br 47.Op Fl home Ar home 48.br 49.Op Fl message Ar message_file 50.br 51.Op Fl noconfig 52.br 53.Op Fl shell Ar shell 54.br 55.Op Fl s | silent | q | quiet 56.br 57.Op Fl uid Ar uid_start 58.br 59.Op Fl v | verbose 60.Sh DESCRIPTION 61.Nm Adduser 62is a simple program for adding new users. Adduser checks 63the passwd, group and shell databases. It creates passwd/group entries, 64.Ev HOME 65directory, dotfiles and sends the new user a welcome message. 66.Sh RESTRICTIONS 67.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact 68.It Sy username 69Login name. May contain only lowercase characters or digits. Maximum length 70is 16 characters (see 71.Xr setlogin 2 72BUGS section). 73The reasons for this limit are "Historical". 74Given that people have traditionally wanted to break this 75limit for aesthetic reasons, it's never been of great importance to break 76such a basic fundamental parameter in UNIX. 77You can change 78.Dv UT_NAMESIZE 79in 80.Pa /usr/include/utmp.h 81and recompile the 82world; people have done this and it works, but you will have problems 83with any precompiled programs, or source that assumes the 8-character 84name limit and NIS. The NIS protocol mandates an 8-character username. 85If you need a longer login name for e-mail addresses, 86you can define an alias in 87.Pa /etc/aliases . 88.It Sy fullname 89Firstname and surname. 90The 91.Ql Pa \: 92character is not allowed. 93.It Sy shell 94Only valid shells from the shell database or sliplogin and pppd 95.It Sy uid 96Automatically generated or your choice, must be less than 32000. 97.It Sy gid/login group 98Your choice or automatically generated. 99.It Sy password 100If not empty, password is encoded with 101.Xr crypt 3 . 102.El 103.Sh UNIQUE GROUPS 104Perhaps you're missing what 105.Em can 106be done with this scheme that falls apart 107with most other schemes. With each user in his/her own group the user can 108safely run with a umask of 002 and have files created in their home directory 109and not worry about others being able to read them. 110.Pp 111For a shared area you create a separate uid/gid (like cvs or ncvs on freefall), 112you place each person that should be able to access this area into that new 113group. 114.Pp 115This model of uid/gid administration allows far greater flexibility than lumping 116users into groups and having to muck with the umask when working in a shared 117area. 118.Pp 119I have been using this model for almost 10 years and found that it works 120for most situations, and has never gotten in the way. (Rod Grimes) 121.Sh CONFIGURATION 122.Bl -enum 123.It 124Read internal variables. 125.It 126Read configuration file (/etc/adduser.conf). 127.It 128Parse command line options. 129.El 130.Sh OPTIONS 131.Bl -tag -width Ds 132.It Sy -check_only 133Check /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shells and exit. 134.It Sy -class Ar login_class 135Set default login class. 136.It Sy -config_create 137Create new configuration and message file and exit. 138.It Sy -dotdir Ar directory 139Copy files from 140.Ar directory 141into the 142.Ev HOME 143directory of new users, 144.Ql Pa dot.foo 145will be renamed to 146.Ql Pa .foo . 147Don't copy files if 148.Ar directory 149specified is equal to 150.Ar no . 151For security make all files writable and readable for owner, 152don't allow group or world to write files and allow only owner 153to read/execute/write 154.Pa .rhost , 155.Pa .Xauthority , 156.Pa .kermrc , 157.Pa .netrc , 158.Pa Mail , 159.Pa prv , 160.Pa iscreen , 161.Pa term . 162.It Sy -group Ar login_group 163Login group. 164.Ar USER 165means that the username is to be used as login group. 166.It Sy -help,-h,-? 167Print a summary of options and exit. 168.It Sy -home Ar partition 169Default home partition where all users located. 170.It Sy -message Ar file 171Send new users a welcome message from 172.Ar file . 173Specifying a value of 174.Ar no 175for 176.Ar file 177causes no message to be sent to new users. 178.It Sy -noconfig 179Do not read the default configuration file. 180.It Sy -shell Ar shell 181Default shell for new users. 182.It Sy -silent,-s,-quiet,-q 183Few warnings, questions, bug reports. 184.It Sy -uid Ar uid 185Use uid's from 186.Ar uid 187on up. 188.It Sy -verbose,-v 189Many warnings, questions. Recommended for novice users. 190.Sh FORMATS 191.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact 192.Ql Pa # 193is a comment. 194.It Sy configuration file 195.Nm Adduser 196reads and writes this file. 197See 198.Pa /etc/adduser.conf 199for more details. 200.It Sy message file 201Eval variables in this file. See 202.Pa /etc/adduser.message 203for more 204details. 205.El 206.Sh FILES 207.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwdxx -compact 208.It Pa /etc/master.passwd 209user database 210.It Pa /etc/group 211group database 212.It Pa /etc/shells 213shell database 214.It Pa /etc/login.conf 215login classes database 216.It Pa /etc/adduser.conf 217configuration file for adduser 218.It Pa /etc/adduser.message 219message file for adduser 220.It Pa /usr/share/skel 221skeletal login directory 222.It Pa /var/log/adduser 223logfile for adduser 224.El 225.Sh SEE ALSO 226.Xr chpass 1 , 227.Xr finger 1 , 228.Xr passwd 1 , 229.Xr setlogin 2 , 230.Xr yp 4 , 231.Xr aliases 5 , 232.Xr group 5 , 233.Xr login.conf 5 , 234.Xr passwd 5 , 235.Xr shells 5 , 236.Xr pw 8 , 237.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 , 238.Xr rmuser 8 , 239.Xr vipw 8 240.\" .Sh BUGS 241.Sh HISTORY 242The 243.Nm 244command appeared in 245.Fx 2.1 . 246