xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/xinstall/xinstall.c (revision ba3c1f5972d7b90feb6e6da47905ff2757e0fe57)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 SRI International
5  * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993
6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #ifndef lint
34 static const char copyright[] =
35 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1987, 1993\n\
36 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
37 #endif /* not lint */
38 
39 #if 0
40 #ifndef lint
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)xinstall.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/21/93";
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 #endif
44 
45 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
46 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
47 
48 #include <sys/param.h>
49 #include <sys/mman.h>
50 #include <sys/mount.h>
51 #include <sys/stat.h>
52 #include <sys/time.h>
53 #include <sys/wait.h>
54 
55 #include <err.h>
56 #include <errno.h>
57 #include <fcntl.h>
58 #include <grp.h>
59 #include <libgen.h>
60 #ifdef WITH_MD5
61 #include <md5.h>
62 #endif
63 #include <paths.h>
64 #include <pwd.h>
65 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
66 #include <ripemd.h>
67 #endif
68 #include <sha.h>
69 #include <sha256.h>
70 #include <sha512.h>
71 #include <spawn.h>
72 #include <stdint.h>
73 #include <stdio.h>
74 #include <stdlib.h>
75 #include <string.h>
76 #include <sysexits.h>
77 #include <unistd.h>
78 #include <vis.h>
79 
80 #include "mtree.h"
81 
82 /*
83  * Memory strategy threshold, in pages: if physmem is larger then this, use a
84  * large buffer.
85  */
86 #define PHYSPAGES_THRESHOLD (32*1024)
87 
88 /* Maximum buffer size in bytes - do not allow it to grow larger than this. */
89 #define BUFSIZE_MAX (2*1024*1024)
90 
91 /*
92  * Small (default) buffer size in bytes. It's inefficient for this to be
93  * smaller than MAXPHYS.
94  */
95 #define BUFSIZE_SMALL (MAXPHYS)
96 
97 /*
98  * We need to build xinstall during the bootstrap stage when building on a
99  * non-FreeBSD system. Linux does not have the st_flags and st_birthtime
100  * members in struct stat so we need to omit support for changing those fields.
101  */
102 #ifdef UF_SETTABLE
103 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
104 #else
105 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 0
106 #endif
107 
108 #define MAX_CMP_SIZE	(16 * 1024 * 1024)
109 
110 #define	LN_ABSOLUTE	0x01
111 #define	LN_RELATIVE	0x02
112 #define	LN_HARD		0x04
113 #define	LN_SYMBOLIC	0x08
114 #define	LN_MIXED	0x10
115 
116 #define	DIRECTORY	0x01		/* Tell install it's a directory. */
117 #define	SETFLAGS	0x02		/* Tell install to set flags. */
118 #define	NOCHANGEBITS	(UF_IMMUTABLE | UF_APPEND | SF_IMMUTABLE | SF_APPEND)
119 #define	BACKUP_SUFFIX	".old"
120 
121 typedef union {
122 #ifdef WITH_MD5
123 	MD5_CTX		MD5;
124 #endif
125 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
126 	RIPEMD160_CTX	RIPEMD160;
127 #endif
128 	SHA1_CTX	SHA1;
129 	SHA256_CTX	SHA256;
130 	SHA512_CTX	SHA512;
131 }	DIGEST_CTX;
132 
133 static enum {
134 	DIGEST_NONE = 0,
135 #ifdef WITH_MD5
136 	DIGEST_MD5,
137 #endif
138 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
139 	DIGEST_RIPEMD160,
140 #endif
141 	DIGEST_SHA1,
142 	DIGEST_SHA256,
143 	DIGEST_SHA512,
144 } digesttype = DIGEST_NONE;
145 
146 extern char **environ;
147 
148 static gid_t gid;
149 static uid_t uid;
150 static int dobackup, docompare, dodir, dolink, dopreserve, dostrip, dounpriv,
151     safecopy, verbose;
152 static int haveopt_f, haveopt_g, haveopt_m, haveopt_o;
153 static mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
154 static FILE *metafp;
155 static const char *group, *owner;
156 static const char *suffix = BACKUP_SUFFIX;
157 static char *destdir, *digest, *fflags, *metafile, *tags;
158 
159 static int	compare(int, const char *, size_t, int, const char *, size_t,
160 		    char **);
161 static char	*copy(int, const char *, int, const char *, off_t);
162 static int	create_newfile(const char *, int, struct stat *);
163 static int	create_tempfile(const char *, char *, size_t);
164 static char	*quiet_mktemp(char *template);
165 static char	*digest_file(const char *);
166 static void	digest_init(DIGEST_CTX *);
167 static void	digest_update(DIGEST_CTX *, const char *, size_t);
168 static char	*digest_end(DIGEST_CTX *, char *);
169 static int	do_link(const char *, const char *, const struct stat *);
170 static void	do_symlink(const char *, const char *, const struct stat *);
171 static void	makelink(const char *, const char *, const struct stat *);
172 static void	install(const char *, const char *, u_long, u_int);
173 static void	install_dir(char *);
174 static void	metadata_log(const char *, const char *, struct timespec *,
175 		    const char *, const char *, off_t);
176 static int	parseid(const char *, id_t *);
177 static int	strip(const char *, int, const char *, char **);
178 static int	trymmap(size_t);
179 static void	usage(void);
180 
181 int
182 main(int argc, char *argv[])
183 {
184 	struct stat from_sb, to_sb;
185 	mode_t *set;
186 	u_long fset;
187 	int ch, no_target;
188 	u_int iflags;
189 	char *p;
190 	const char *to_name;
191 
192 	fset = 0;
193 	iflags = 0;
194 	group = owner = NULL;
195 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "B:bCcD:df:g:h:l:M:m:N:o:pSsT:Uv")) !=
196 	     -1)
197 		switch((char)ch) {
198 		case 'B':
199 			suffix = optarg;
200 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
201 		case 'b':
202 			dobackup = 1;
203 			break;
204 		case 'C':
205 			docompare = 1;
206 			break;
207 		case 'c':
208 			/* For backwards compatibility. */
209 			break;
210 		case 'D':
211 			destdir = optarg;
212 			break;
213 		case 'd':
214 			dodir = 1;
215 			break;
216 		case 'f':
217 			haveopt_f = 1;
218 			fflags = optarg;
219 			break;
220 		case 'g':
221 			haveopt_g = 1;
222 			group = optarg;
223 			break;
224 		case 'h':
225 			digest = optarg;
226 			break;
227 		case 'l':
228 			for (p = optarg; *p != '\0'; p++)
229 				switch (*p) {
230 				case 's':
231 					dolink &= ~(LN_HARD|LN_MIXED);
232 					dolink |= LN_SYMBOLIC;
233 					break;
234 				case 'h':
235 					dolink &= ~(LN_SYMBOLIC|LN_MIXED);
236 					dolink |= LN_HARD;
237 					break;
238 				case 'm':
239 					dolink &= ~(LN_SYMBOLIC|LN_HARD);
240 					dolink |= LN_MIXED;
241 					break;
242 				case 'a':
243 					dolink &= ~LN_RELATIVE;
244 					dolink |= LN_ABSOLUTE;
245 					break;
246 				case 'r':
247 					dolink &= ~LN_ABSOLUTE;
248 					dolink |= LN_RELATIVE;
249 					break;
250 				default:
251 					errx(1, "%c: invalid link type", *p);
252 					/* NOTREACHED */
253 				}
254 			break;
255 		case 'M':
256 			metafile = optarg;
257 			break;
258 		case 'm':
259 			haveopt_m = 1;
260 			if (!(set = setmode(optarg)))
261 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid file mode: %s",
262 				     optarg);
263 			mode = getmode(set, 0);
264 			free(set);
265 			break;
266 		case 'N':
267 			if (!setup_getid(optarg))
268 				err(EX_OSERR, "Unable to use user and group "
269 				    "databases in `%s'", optarg);
270 			break;
271 		case 'o':
272 			haveopt_o = 1;
273 			owner = optarg;
274 			break;
275 		case 'p':
276 			docompare = dopreserve = 1;
277 			break;
278 		case 'S':
279 			safecopy = 1;
280 			break;
281 		case 's':
282 			dostrip = 1;
283 			break;
284 		case 'T':
285 			tags = optarg;
286 			break;
287 		case 'U':
288 			dounpriv = 1;
289 			break;
290 		case 'v':
291 			verbose = 1;
292 			break;
293 		case '?':
294 		default:
295 			usage();
296 		}
297 	argc -= optind;
298 	argv += optind;
299 
300 	/* some options make no sense when creating directories */
301 	if (dostrip && dodir) {
302 		warnx("-d and -s may not be specified together");
303 		usage();
304 	}
305 
306 	if (getenv("DONTSTRIP") != NULL) {
307 		warnx("DONTSTRIP set - will not strip installed binaries");
308 		dostrip = 0;
309 	}
310 
311 	/* must have at least two arguments, except when creating directories */
312 	if (argc == 0 || (argc == 1 && !dodir))
313 		usage();
314 
315 	if (digest != NULL) {
316 		if (strcmp(digest, "none") == 0) {
317 			digesttype = DIGEST_NONE;
318 #ifdef WITH_MD5
319 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "md5") == 0) {
320 		       digesttype = DIGEST_MD5;
321 #endif
322 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
323 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "rmd160") == 0) {
324 			digesttype = DIGEST_RIPEMD160;
325 #endif
326 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "sha1") == 0) {
327 			digesttype = DIGEST_SHA1;
328 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "sha256") == 0) {
329 			digesttype = DIGEST_SHA256;
330 		} else if (strcmp(digest, "sha512") == 0) {
331 			digesttype = DIGEST_SHA512;
332 		} else {
333 			warnx("unknown digest `%s'", digest);
334 			usage();
335 		}
336 	}
337 
338 	/* need to make a temp copy so we can compare stripped version */
339 	if (docompare && dostrip)
340 		safecopy = 1;
341 
342 	/* get group and owner id's */
343 	if (group != NULL && !dounpriv) {
344 		if (gid_from_group(group, &gid) == -1) {
345 			id_t id;
346 			if (!parseid(group, &id))
347 				errx(1, "unknown group %s", group);
348 			gid = id;
349 		}
350 	} else
351 		gid = (gid_t)-1;
352 
353 	if (owner != NULL && !dounpriv) {
354 		if (uid_from_user(owner, &uid) == -1) {
355 			id_t id;
356 			if (!parseid(owner, &id))
357 				errx(1, "unknown user %s", owner);
358 			uid = id;
359 		}
360 	} else
361 		uid = (uid_t)-1;
362 
363 	if (fflags != NULL && !dounpriv) {
364 		if (strtofflags(&fflags, &fset, NULL))
365 			errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: invalid flag", fflags);
366 		iflags |= SETFLAGS;
367 	}
368 
369 	if (metafile != NULL) {
370 		if ((metafp = fopen(metafile, "a")) == NULL)
371 			warn("open %s", metafile);
372 	} else
373 		digesttype = DIGEST_NONE;
374 
375 	if (dodir) {
376 		for (; *argv != NULL; ++argv)
377 			install_dir(*argv);
378 		exit(EX_OK);
379 		/* NOTREACHED */
380 	}
381 
382 	to_name = argv[argc - 1];
383 	no_target = stat(to_name, &to_sb);
384 	if (!no_target && S_ISDIR(to_sb.st_mode)) {
385 		if (dolink & LN_SYMBOLIC) {
386 			if (lstat(to_name, &to_sb) != 0)
387 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s vanished", to_name);
388 			if (S_ISLNK(to_sb.st_mode)) {
389 				if (argc != 2) {
390 					errno = ENOTDIR;
391 					err(EX_USAGE, "%s", to_name);
392 				}
393 				install(*argv, to_name, fset, iflags);
394 				exit(EX_OK);
395 			}
396 		}
397 		for (; *argv != to_name; ++argv)
398 			install(*argv, to_name, fset, iflags | DIRECTORY);
399 		exit(EX_OK);
400 		/* NOTREACHED */
401 	}
402 
403 	/* can't do file1 file2 directory/file */
404 	if (argc != 2) {
405 		if (no_target)
406 			warnx("target directory `%s' does not exist",
407 			    argv[argc - 1]);
408 		else
409 			warnx("target `%s' is not a directory",
410 			    argv[argc - 1]);
411 		usage();
412 	}
413 
414 	if (!no_target && !dolink) {
415 		if (stat(*argv, &from_sb))
416 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", *argv);
417 		if (!S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode)) {
418 			errno = EFTYPE;
419 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
420 		}
421 		if (to_sb.st_dev == from_sb.st_dev &&
422 		    to_sb.st_ino == from_sb.st_ino)
423 			errx(EX_USAGE,
424 			    "%s and %s are the same file", *argv, to_name);
425 	}
426 	install(*argv, to_name, fset, iflags);
427 	exit(EX_OK);
428 	/* NOTREACHED */
429 }
430 
431 static char *
432 digest_file(const char *name)
433 {
434 
435 	switch (digesttype) {
436 #ifdef WITH_MD5
437 	case DIGEST_MD5:
438 		return (MD5File(name, NULL));
439 #endif
440 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
441 	case DIGEST_RIPEMD160:
442 		return (RIPEMD160_File(name, NULL));
443 #endif
444 	case DIGEST_SHA1:
445 		return (SHA1_File(name, NULL));
446 	case DIGEST_SHA256:
447 		return (SHA256_File(name, NULL));
448 	case DIGEST_SHA512:
449 		return (SHA512_File(name, NULL));
450 	default:
451 		return (NULL);
452 	}
453 }
454 
455 static void
456 digest_init(DIGEST_CTX *c)
457 {
458 
459 	switch (digesttype) {
460 	case DIGEST_NONE:
461 		break;
462 #ifdef WITH_MD5
463 	case DIGEST_MD5:
464 		MD5Init(&(c->MD5));
465 		break;
466 #endif
467 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
468 	case DIGEST_RIPEMD160:
469 		RIPEMD160_Init(&(c->RIPEMD160));
470 		break;
471 #endif
472 	case DIGEST_SHA1:
473 		SHA1_Init(&(c->SHA1));
474 		break;
475 	case DIGEST_SHA256:
476 		SHA256_Init(&(c->SHA256));
477 		break;
478 	case DIGEST_SHA512:
479 		SHA512_Init(&(c->SHA512));
480 		break;
481 	}
482 }
483 
484 static void
485 digest_update(DIGEST_CTX *c, const char *data, size_t len)
486 {
487 
488 	switch (digesttype) {
489 	case DIGEST_NONE:
490 		break;
491 #ifdef WITH_MD5
492 	case DIGEST_MD5:
493 		MD5Update(&(c->MD5), data, len);
494 		break;
495 #endif
496 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
497 	case DIGEST_RIPEMD160:
498 		RIPEMD160_Update(&(c->RIPEMD160), data, len);
499 		break;
500 #endif
501 	case DIGEST_SHA1:
502 		SHA1_Update(&(c->SHA1), data, len);
503 		break;
504 	case DIGEST_SHA256:
505 		SHA256_Update(&(c->SHA256), data, len);
506 		break;
507 	case DIGEST_SHA512:
508 		SHA512_Update(&(c->SHA512), data, len);
509 		break;
510 	}
511 }
512 
513 static char *
514 digest_end(DIGEST_CTX *c, char *buf)
515 {
516 
517 	switch (digesttype) {
518 #ifdef WITH_MD5
519 	case DIGEST_MD5:
520 		return (MD5End(&(c->MD5), buf));
521 #endif
522 #ifdef WITH_RIPEMD160
523 	case DIGEST_RIPEMD160:
524 		return (RIPEMD160_End(&(c->RIPEMD160), buf));
525 #endif
526 	case DIGEST_SHA1:
527 		return (SHA1_End(&(c->SHA1), buf));
528 	case DIGEST_SHA256:
529 		return (SHA256_End(&(c->SHA256), buf));
530 	case DIGEST_SHA512:
531 		return (SHA512_End(&(c->SHA512), buf));
532 	default:
533 		return (NULL);
534 	}
535 }
536 
537 /*
538  * parseid --
539  *	parse uid or gid from arg into id, returning non-zero if successful
540  */
541 static int
542 parseid(const char *name, id_t *id)
543 {
544 	char	*ep;
545 	errno = 0;
546 	*id = (id_t)strtoul(name, &ep, 10);
547 	if (errno || *ep != '\0')
548 		return (0);
549 	return (1);
550 }
551 
552 /*
553  * quiet_mktemp --
554  *	mktemp implementation used mkstemp to avoid mktemp warnings.  We
555  *	really do need mktemp semantics here as we will be creating a link.
556  */
557 static char *
558 quiet_mktemp(char *template)
559 {
560 	int fd;
561 
562 	if ((fd = mkstemp(template)) == -1)
563 		return (NULL);
564 	close (fd);
565 	if (unlink(template) == -1)
566 		err(EX_OSERR, "unlink %s", template);
567 	return (template);
568 }
569 
570 /*
571  * do_link --
572  *	make a hard link, obeying dorename if set
573  *	return -1 on failure
574  */
575 static int
576 do_link(const char *from_name, const char *to_name,
577     const struct stat *target_sb)
578 {
579 	char tmpl[MAXPATHLEN];
580 	int ret;
581 
582 	if (safecopy && target_sb != NULL) {
583 		(void)snprintf(tmpl, sizeof(tmpl), "%s.inst.XXXXXX", to_name);
584 		/* This usage is safe. */
585 		if (quiet_mktemp(tmpl) == NULL)
586 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: mktemp", tmpl);
587 		ret = link(from_name, tmpl);
588 		if (ret == 0) {
589 			if (target_sb->st_mode & S_IFDIR && rmdir(to_name) ==
590 			    -1) {
591 				unlink(tmpl);
592 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
593 			}
594 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
595 			if (target_sb->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
596 				(void)chflags(to_name, target_sb->st_flags &
597 				     ~NOCHANGEBITS);
598 #endif
599 			if (verbose)
600 				printf("install: link %s -> %s\n",
601 				    from_name, to_name);
602 			ret = rename(tmpl, to_name);
603 			/*
604 			 * If rename has posix semantics, then the temporary
605 			 * file may still exist when from_name and to_name point
606 			 * to the same file, so unlink it unconditionally.
607 			 */
608 			(void)unlink(tmpl);
609 		}
610 		return (ret);
611 	} else {
612 		if (verbose)
613 			printf("install: link %s -> %s\n",
614 			    from_name, to_name);
615 		return (link(from_name, to_name));
616 	}
617 }
618 
619 /*
620  * do_symlink --
621  *	Make a symbolic link, obeying dorename if set. Exit on failure.
622  */
623 static void
624 do_symlink(const char *from_name, const char *to_name,
625     const struct stat *target_sb)
626 {
627 	char tmpl[MAXPATHLEN];
628 
629 	if (safecopy && target_sb != NULL) {
630 		(void)snprintf(tmpl, sizeof(tmpl), "%s.inst.XXXXXX", to_name);
631 		/* This usage is safe. */
632 		if (quiet_mktemp(tmpl) == NULL)
633 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: mktemp", tmpl);
634 
635 		if (symlink(from_name, tmpl) == -1)
636 			err(EX_OSERR, "symlink %s -> %s", from_name, tmpl);
637 
638 		if (target_sb->st_mode & S_IFDIR && rmdir(to_name) == -1) {
639 			(void)unlink(tmpl);
640 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
641 		}
642 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
643 		if (target_sb->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
644 			(void)chflags(to_name, target_sb->st_flags &
645 			     ~NOCHANGEBITS);
646 #endif
647 		if (verbose)
648 			printf("install: symlink %s -> %s\n",
649 			    from_name, to_name);
650 		if (rename(tmpl, to_name) == -1) {
651 			/* Remove temporary link before exiting. */
652 			(void)unlink(tmpl);
653 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: rename", to_name);
654 		}
655 	} else {
656 		if (verbose)
657 			printf("install: symlink %s -> %s\n",
658 			    from_name, to_name);
659 		if (symlink(from_name, to_name) == -1)
660 			err(EX_OSERR, "symlink %s -> %s", from_name, to_name);
661 	}
662 }
663 
664 /*
665  * makelink --
666  *	make a link from source to destination
667  */
668 static void
669 makelink(const char *from_name, const char *to_name,
670     const struct stat *target_sb)
671 {
672 	char	src[MAXPATHLEN], dst[MAXPATHLEN], lnk[MAXPATHLEN];
673 	struct stat	to_sb;
674 
675 	/* Try hard links first. */
676 	if (dolink & (LN_HARD|LN_MIXED)) {
677 		if (do_link(from_name, to_name, target_sb) == -1) {
678 			if ((dolink & LN_HARD) || errno != EXDEV)
679 				err(EX_OSERR, "link %s -> %s", from_name, to_name);
680 		} else {
681 			if (stat(to_name, &to_sb))
682 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s: stat", to_name);
683 			if (S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode)) {
684 				/*
685 				 * XXX: hard links to anything other than
686 				 * plain files are not metalogged
687 				 */
688 				int omode;
689 				const char *oowner, *ogroup;
690 				char *offlags;
691 				char *dres;
692 
693 				/*
694 				 * XXX: use underlying perms, unless
695 				 * overridden on command line.
696 				 */
697 				omode = mode;
698 				if (!haveopt_m)
699 					mode = (to_sb.st_mode & 0777);
700 				oowner = owner;
701 				if (!haveopt_o)
702 					owner = NULL;
703 				ogroup = group;
704 				if (!haveopt_g)
705 					group = NULL;
706 				offlags = fflags;
707 				if (!haveopt_f)
708 					fflags = NULL;
709 				dres = digest_file(from_name);
710 				metadata_log(to_name, "file", NULL, NULL,
711 				    dres, to_sb.st_size);
712 				free(dres);
713 				mode = omode;
714 				owner = oowner;
715 				group = ogroup;
716 				fflags = offlags;
717 			}
718 			return;
719 		}
720 	}
721 
722 	/* Symbolic links. */
723 	if (dolink & LN_ABSOLUTE) {
724 		/* Convert source path to absolute. */
725 		if (realpath(from_name, src) == NULL)
726 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: realpath", from_name);
727 		do_symlink(src, to_name, target_sb);
728 		/* XXX: src may point outside of destdir */
729 		metadata_log(to_name, "link", NULL, src, NULL, 0);
730 		return;
731 	}
732 
733 	if (dolink & LN_RELATIVE) {
734 		char *to_name_copy, *cp, *d, *ld, *ls, *s;
735 
736 		if (*from_name != '/') {
737 			/* this is already a relative link */
738 			do_symlink(from_name, to_name, target_sb);
739 			/* XXX: from_name may point outside of destdir. */
740 			metadata_log(to_name, "link", NULL, from_name, NULL, 0);
741 			return;
742 		}
743 
744 		/* Resolve pathnames. */
745 		if (realpath(from_name, src) == NULL)
746 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: realpath", from_name);
747 
748 		/*
749 		 * The last component of to_name may be a symlink,
750 		 * so use realpath to resolve only the directory.
751 		 */
752 		to_name_copy = strdup(to_name);
753 		if (to_name_copy == NULL)
754 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: strdup", to_name);
755 		cp = dirname(to_name_copy);
756 		if (realpath(cp, dst) == NULL)
757 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: realpath", cp);
758 		/* .. and add the last component. */
759 		if (strcmp(dst, "/") != 0) {
760 			if (strlcat(dst, "/", sizeof(dst)) > sizeof(dst))
761 				errx(1, "resolved pathname too long");
762 		}
763 		strcpy(to_name_copy, to_name);
764 		cp = basename(to_name_copy);
765 		if (strlcat(dst, cp, sizeof(dst)) > sizeof(dst))
766 			errx(1, "resolved pathname too long");
767 		free(to_name_copy);
768 
769 		/* Trim common path components. */
770 		ls = ld = NULL;
771 		for (s = src, d = dst; *s == *d; ls = s, ld = d, s++, d++)
772 			continue;
773 		/*
774 		 * If we didn't end after a directory separator, then we've
775 		 * falsely matched the last component.  For example, if one
776 		 * invoked install -lrs /lib/foo.so /libexec/ then the source
777 		 * would terminate just after the separator while the
778 		 * destination would terminate in the middle of 'libexec',
779 		 * leading to a full directory getting falsely eaten.
780 		 */
781 		if ((ls != NULL && *ls != '/') || (ld != NULL && *ld != '/'))
782 			s--, d--;
783 		while (*s != '/')
784 			s--, d--;
785 
786 		/* Count the number of directories we need to backtrack. */
787 		for (++d, lnk[0] = '\0'; *d; d++)
788 			if (*d == '/')
789 				(void)strlcat(lnk, "../", sizeof(lnk));
790 
791 		(void)strlcat(lnk, ++s, sizeof(lnk));
792 
793 		do_symlink(lnk, to_name, target_sb);
794 		/* XXX: Link may point outside of destdir. */
795 		metadata_log(to_name, "link", NULL, lnk, NULL, 0);
796 		return;
797 	}
798 
799 	/*
800 	 * If absolute or relative was not specified, try the names the
801 	 * user provided.
802 	 */
803 	do_symlink(from_name, to_name, target_sb);
804 	/* XXX: from_name may point outside of destdir. */
805 	metadata_log(to_name, "link", NULL, from_name, NULL, 0);
806 }
807 
808 /*
809  * install --
810  *	build a path name and install the file
811  */
812 static void
813 install(const char *from_name, const char *to_name, u_long fset, u_int flags)
814 {
815 	struct stat from_sb, temp_sb, to_sb;
816 	struct timespec tsb[2];
817 	int devnull, files_match, from_fd, serrno, stripped, target;
818 	int tempcopy, temp_fd, to_fd;
819 	char backup[MAXPATHLEN], *p, pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN], tempfile[MAXPATHLEN];
820 	char *digestresult;
821 
822 	digestresult = NULL;
823 	files_match = stripped = 0;
824 	from_fd = -1;
825 	to_fd = -1;
826 
827 	/* If try to install NULL file to a directory, fails. */
828 	if (flags & DIRECTORY || strcmp(from_name, _PATH_DEVNULL)) {
829 		if (!dolink) {
830 			if (stat(from_name, &from_sb))
831 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", from_name);
832 			if (!S_ISREG(from_sb.st_mode)) {
833 				errno = EFTYPE;
834 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", from_name);
835 			}
836 		}
837 		/* Build the target path. */
838 		if (flags & DIRECTORY) {
839 			(void)snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "%s%s%s",
840 			    to_name,
841 			    to_name[strlen(to_name) - 1] == '/' ? "" : "/",
842 			    (p = strrchr(from_name, '/')) ? ++p : from_name);
843 			to_name = pathbuf;
844 		}
845 		devnull = 0;
846 	} else {
847 		devnull = 1;
848 	}
849 
850 	target = (lstat(to_name, &to_sb) == 0);
851 
852 	if (dolink) {
853 		if (target && !safecopy) {
854 			if (to_sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR && rmdir(to_name) == -1)
855 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
856 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
857 			if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
858 				(void)chflags(to_name,
859 				    to_sb.st_flags & ~NOCHANGEBITS);
860 #endif
861 			unlink(to_name);
862 		}
863 		makelink(from_name, to_name, target ? &to_sb : NULL);
864 		return;
865 	}
866 
867 	if (target && !S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(to_sb.st_mode)) {
868 		errno = EFTYPE;
869 		warn("%s", to_name);
870 		return;
871 	}
872 
873 	/* Only copy safe if the target exists. */
874 	tempcopy = safecopy && target;
875 
876 	if (!devnull && (from_fd = open(from_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
877 		err(EX_OSERR, "%s", from_name);
878 
879 	/* If we don't strip, we can compare first. */
880 	if (docompare && !dostrip && target && S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode)) {
881 		if ((to_fd = open(to_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
882 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
883 		if (devnull)
884 			files_match = to_sb.st_size == 0;
885 		else
886 			files_match = !(compare(from_fd, from_name,
887 			    (size_t)from_sb.st_size, to_fd,
888 			    to_name, (size_t)to_sb.st_size, &digestresult));
889 
890 		/* Close "to" file unless we match. */
891 		if (!files_match)
892 			(void)close(to_fd);
893 	}
894 
895 	if (!files_match) {
896 		if (tempcopy) {
897 			to_fd = create_tempfile(to_name, tempfile,
898 			    sizeof(tempfile));
899 			if (to_fd < 0)
900 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", tempfile);
901 		} else {
902 			if ((to_fd = create_newfile(to_name, target,
903 			    &to_sb)) < 0)
904 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
905 			if (verbose)
906 				(void)printf("install: %s -> %s\n",
907 				    from_name, to_name);
908 		}
909 		if (!devnull) {
910 			if (dostrip)
911 			    stripped = strip(tempcopy ? tempfile : to_name,
912 				to_fd, from_name, &digestresult);
913 			if (!stripped)
914 			    digestresult = copy(from_fd, from_name, to_fd,
915 				tempcopy ? tempfile : to_name, from_sb.st_size);
916 		}
917 	}
918 
919 	if (dostrip) {
920 		if (!stripped)
921 			(void)strip(tempcopy ? tempfile : to_name, to_fd,
922 			    NULL, &digestresult);
923 
924 		/*
925 		 * Re-open our fd on the target, in case
926 		 * we did not strip in-place.
927 		 */
928 		close(to_fd);
929 		to_fd = open(tempcopy ? tempfile : to_name, O_RDONLY, 0);
930 		if (to_fd < 0)
931 			err(EX_OSERR, "stripping %s", to_name);
932 	}
933 
934 	/*
935 	 * Compare the stripped temp file with the target.
936 	 */
937 	if (docompare && dostrip && target && S_ISREG(to_sb.st_mode)) {
938 		temp_fd = to_fd;
939 
940 		/* Re-open to_fd using the real target name. */
941 		if ((to_fd = open(to_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
942 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
943 
944 		if (fstat(temp_fd, &temp_sb)) {
945 			serrno = errno;
946 			(void)unlink(tempfile);
947 			errno = serrno;
948 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", tempfile);
949 		}
950 
951 		if (compare(temp_fd, tempfile, (size_t)temp_sb.st_size, to_fd,
952 			    to_name, (size_t)to_sb.st_size, &digestresult)
953 			    == 0) {
954 			/*
955 			 * If target has more than one link we need to
956 			 * replace it in order to snap the extra links.
957 			 * Need to preserve target file times, though.
958 			 */
959 			if (to_sb.st_nlink != 1) {
960 				tsb[0] = to_sb.st_atim;
961 				tsb[1] = to_sb.st_mtim;
962 				(void)utimensat(AT_FDCWD, tempfile, tsb, 0);
963 			} else {
964 				files_match = 1;
965 				(void)unlink(tempfile);
966 			}
967 			(void) close(temp_fd);
968 		}
969 	} else if (dostrip)
970 		digestresult = digest_file(tempfile);
971 
972 	/*
973 	 * Move the new file into place if doing a safe copy
974 	 * and the files are different (or just not compared).
975 	 */
976 	if (tempcopy && !files_match) {
977 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
978 		/* Try to turn off the immutable bits. */
979 		if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
980 			(void)chflags(to_name, to_sb.st_flags & ~NOCHANGEBITS);
981 #endif
982 		if (dobackup) {
983 			if ((size_t)snprintf(backup, MAXPATHLEN, "%s%s", to_name,
984 			    suffix) != strlen(to_name) + strlen(suffix)) {
985 				unlink(tempfile);
986 				errx(EX_OSERR, "%s: backup filename too long",
987 				    to_name);
988 			}
989 			if (verbose)
990 				(void)printf("install: %s -> %s\n", to_name, backup);
991 			if (unlink(backup) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
992 				serrno = errno;
993 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
994 				if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
995 					(void)chflags(to_name, to_sb.st_flags);
996 #endif
997 				unlink(tempfile);
998 				errno = serrno;
999 				err(EX_OSERR, "unlink: %s", backup);
1000 			}
1001 			if (link(to_name, backup) < 0) {
1002 				serrno = errno;
1003 				unlink(tempfile);
1004 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1005 				if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1006 					(void)chflags(to_name, to_sb.st_flags);
1007 #endif
1008 				errno = serrno;
1009 				err(EX_OSERR, "link: %s to %s", to_name,
1010 				     backup);
1011 			}
1012 		}
1013 		if (verbose)
1014 			(void)printf("install: %s -> %s\n", from_name, to_name);
1015 		if (rename(tempfile, to_name) < 0) {
1016 			serrno = errno;
1017 			unlink(tempfile);
1018 			errno = serrno;
1019 			err(EX_OSERR, "rename: %s to %s",
1020 			    tempfile, to_name);
1021 		}
1022 
1023 		/* Re-open to_fd so we aren't hosed by the rename(2). */
1024 		(void) close(to_fd);
1025 		if ((to_fd = open(to_name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
1026 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1027 	}
1028 
1029 	/*
1030 	 * Preserve the timestamp of the source file if necessary.
1031 	 */
1032 	if (dopreserve && !files_match && !devnull) {
1033 		tsb[0] = from_sb.st_atim;
1034 		tsb[1] = from_sb.st_mtim;
1035 		(void)utimensat(AT_FDCWD, to_name, tsb, 0);
1036 	}
1037 
1038 	if (fstat(to_fd, &to_sb) == -1) {
1039 		serrno = errno;
1040 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1041 		errno = serrno;
1042 		err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1043 	}
1044 
1045 	/*
1046 	 * Set owner, group, mode for target; do the chown first,
1047 	 * chown may lose the setuid bits.
1048 	 */
1049 	if (!dounpriv && ((gid != (gid_t)-1 && gid != to_sb.st_gid) ||
1050 	    (uid != (uid_t)-1 && uid != to_sb.st_uid) ||
1051 	    (mode != (to_sb.st_mode & ALLPERMS)))) {
1052 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1053 		/* Try to turn off the immutable bits. */
1054 		if (to_sb.st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1055 			(void)fchflags(to_fd, to_sb.st_flags & ~NOCHANGEBITS);
1056 #endif
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	if (!dounpriv && ((gid != (gid_t)-1 && gid != to_sb.st_gid) ||
1060 	    (uid != (uid_t)-1 && uid != to_sb.st_uid))) {
1061 		if (fchown(to_fd, uid, gid) == -1) {
1062 			serrno = errno;
1063 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1064 			errno = serrno;
1065 			err(EX_OSERR,"%s: chown/chgrp", to_name);
1066 		}
1067 	}
1068 	if (mode != (to_sb.st_mode & ALLPERMS)) {
1069 		if (fchmod(to_fd,
1070 		    dounpriv ? mode & (S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO) : mode)) {
1071 			serrno = errno;
1072 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1073 			errno = serrno;
1074 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s: chmod", to_name);
1075 		}
1076 	}
1077 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1078 	/*
1079 	 * If provided a set of flags, set them, otherwise, preserve the
1080 	 * flags, except for the dump flag.
1081 	 * NFS does not support flags.  Ignore EOPNOTSUPP flags if we're just
1082 	 * trying to turn off UF_NODUMP.  If we're trying to set real flags,
1083 	 * then warn if the fs doesn't support it, otherwise fail.
1084 	 */
1085 	if (!dounpriv && !devnull && (flags & SETFLAGS ||
1086 	    (from_sb.st_flags & ~UF_NODUMP) != to_sb.st_flags) &&
1087 	    fchflags(to_fd,
1088 	    flags & SETFLAGS ? fset : from_sb.st_flags & ~UF_NODUMP)) {
1089 		if (flags & SETFLAGS) {
1090 			if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP)
1091 				warn("%s: chflags", to_name);
1092 			else {
1093 				serrno = errno;
1094 				(void)unlink(to_name);
1095 				errno = serrno;
1096 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s: chflags", to_name);
1097 			}
1098 		}
1099 	}
1100 #endif
1101 
1102 	(void)close(to_fd);
1103 	if (!devnull)
1104 		(void)close(from_fd);
1105 
1106 	metadata_log(to_name, "file", tsb, NULL, digestresult, to_sb.st_size);
1107 	free(digestresult);
1108 }
1109 
1110 /*
1111  * compare --
1112  *	Compare two files; non-zero means files differ.
1113  *	Compute digest and return its address in *dresp
1114  *	unless it points to pre-computed digest.
1115  */
1116 static int
1117 compare(int from_fd, const char *from_name __unused, size_t from_len,
1118 	int to_fd, const char *to_name __unused, size_t to_len,
1119 	char **dresp)
1120 {
1121 	char *p, *q;
1122 	int rv;
1123 	int do_digest, done_compare;
1124 	DIGEST_CTX ctx;
1125 
1126 	rv = 0;
1127 	if (from_len != to_len)
1128 		return 1;
1129 
1130 	do_digest = (digesttype != DIGEST_NONE && dresp != NULL &&
1131 	    *dresp == NULL);
1132 	if (from_len <= MAX_CMP_SIZE) {
1133 		if (do_digest)
1134 			digest_init(&ctx);
1135 		done_compare = 0;
1136 		if (trymmap(from_len) && trymmap(to_len)) {
1137 			p = mmap(NULL, from_len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
1138 			    from_fd, (off_t)0);
1139 			if (p == MAP_FAILED)
1140 				goto out;
1141 			q = mmap(NULL, from_len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
1142 			    to_fd, (off_t)0);
1143 			if (q == MAP_FAILED) {
1144 				munmap(p, from_len);
1145 				goto out;
1146 			}
1147 
1148 			rv = memcmp(p, q, from_len);
1149 			if (do_digest)
1150 				digest_update(&ctx, p, from_len);
1151 			munmap(p, from_len);
1152 			munmap(q, from_len);
1153 			done_compare = 1;
1154 		}
1155 	out:
1156 		if (!done_compare) {
1157 			static char *buf, *buf1, *buf2;
1158 			static size_t bufsize;
1159 			int n1, n2;
1160 
1161 			if (buf == NULL) {
1162 				/*
1163 				 * Note that buf and bufsize are static. If
1164 				 * malloc() fails, it will fail at the start
1165 				 * and not copy only some files.
1166 				 */
1167 				if (sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) >
1168 				    PHYSPAGES_THRESHOLD)
1169 					bufsize = MIN(BUFSIZE_MAX, MAXPHYS * 8);
1170 				else
1171 					bufsize = BUFSIZE_SMALL;
1172 				buf = malloc(bufsize * 2);
1173 				if (buf == NULL)
1174 					err(1, "Not enough memory");
1175 				buf1 = buf;
1176 				buf2 = buf + bufsize;
1177 			}
1178 			rv = 0;
1179 			lseek(from_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1180 			lseek(to_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1181 			while (rv == 0) {
1182 				n1 = read(from_fd, buf1, bufsize);
1183 				if (n1 == 0)
1184 					break;		/* EOF */
1185 				else if (n1 > 0) {
1186 					n2 = read(to_fd, buf2, n1);
1187 					if (n2 == n1)
1188 						rv = memcmp(buf1, buf2, n1);
1189 					else
1190 						rv = 1;	/* out of sync */
1191 				} else
1192 					rv = 1;		/* read failure */
1193 				if (do_digest)
1194 					digest_update(&ctx, buf1, n1);
1195 			}
1196 			lseek(from_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1197 			lseek(to_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1198 		}
1199 	} else
1200 		rv = 1;	/* don't bother in this case */
1201 
1202 	if (do_digest) {
1203 		if (rv == 0)
1204 			*dresp = digest_end(&ctx, NULL);
1205 		else
1206 			(void)digest_end(&ctx, NULL);
1207 	}
1208 
1209 	return rv;
1210 }
1211 
1212 /*
1213  * create_tempfile --
1214  *	create a temporary file based on path and open it
1215  */
1216 static int
1217 create_tempfile(const char *path, char *temp, size_t tsize)
1218 {
1219 	char *p;
1220 
1221 	(void)strncpy(temp, path, tsize);
1222 	temp[tsize - 1] = '\0';
1223 	if ((p = strrchr(temp, '/')) != NULL)
1224 		p++;
1225 	else
1226 		p = temp;
1227 	(void)strncpy(p, "INS@XXXXXX", &temp[tsize - 1] - p);
1228 	temp[tsize - 1] = '\0';
1229 	return (mkstemp(temp));
1230 }
1231 
1232 /*
1233  * create_newfile --
1234  *	create a new file, overwriting an existing one if necessary
1235  */
1236 static int
1237 create_newfile(const char *path, int target, struct stat *sbp)
1238 {
1239 	char backup[MAXPATHLEN];
1240 	int saved_errno = 0;
1241 	int newfd;
1242 
1243 	if (target) {
1244 		/*
1245 		 * Unlink now... avoid ETXTBSY errors later.  Try to turn
1246 		 * off the append/immutable bits -- if we fail, go ahead,
1247 		 * it might work.
1248 		 */
1249 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1250 		if (sbp->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1251 			(void)chflags(path, sbp->st_flags & ~NOCHANGEBITS);
1252 #endif
1253 
1254 		if (dobackup) {
1255 			if ((size_t)snprintf(backup, MAXPATHLEN, "%s%s",
1256 			    path, suffix) != strlen(path) + strlen(suffix)) {
1257 				saved_errno = errno;
1258 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1259 				if (sbp->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1260 					(void)chflags(path, sbp->st_flags);
1261 #endif
1262 				errno = saved_errno;
1263 				errx(EX_OSERR, "%s: backup filename too long",
1264 				    path);
1265 			}
1266 			(void)snprintf(backup, MAXPATHLEN, "%s%s",
1267 			    path, suffix);
1268 			if (verbose)
1269 				(void)printf("install: %s -> %s\n",
1270 				    path, backup);
1271 			if (rename(path, backup) < 0) {
1272 				saved_errno = errno;
1273 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
1274 				if (sbp->st_flags & NOCHANGEBITS)
1275 					(void)chflags(path, sbp->st_flags);
1276 #endif
1277 				errno = saved_errno;
1278 				err(EX_OSERR, "rename: %s to %s", path, backup);
1279 			}
1280 		} else
1281 			if (unlink(path) < 0)
1282 				saved_errno = errno;
1283 	}
1284 
1285 	newfd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
1286 	if (newfd < 0 && saved_errno != 0)
1287 		errno = saved_errno;
1288 	return newfd;
1289 }
1290 
1291 /*
1292  * copy --
1293  *	copy from one file to another
1294  */
1295 static char *
1296 copy(int from_fd, const char *from_name, int to_fd, const char *to_name,
1297     off_t size)
1298 {
1299 	static char *buf = NULL;
1300 	static size_t bufsize;
1301 	int nr, nw;
1302 	int serrno;
1303 #ifndef BOOTSTRAP_XINSTALL
1304 	ssize_t ret;
1305 #endif
1306 	char *p;
1307 	int done_copy;
1308 	DIGEST_CTX ctx;
1309 
1310 	/* Rewind file descriptors. */
1311 	if (lseek(from_fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1)
1312 		err(EX_OSERR, "lseek: %s", from_name);
1313 	if (lseek(to_fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1)
1314 		err(EX_OSERR, "lseek: %s", to_name);
1315 
1316 #ifndef BOOTSTRAP_XINSTALL
1317 	/* Try copy_file_range() if no digest is requested */
1318 	if (digesttype == DIGEST_NONE) {
1319 		ret = 1;
1320 		while (ret > 0) {
1321 			ret = copy_file_range(from_fd, NULL, to_fd, NULL,
1322 			    SSIZE_MAX, 0);
1323 		}
1324 		if (ret == 0) {
1325 			/* DIGEST_NONE always returns NULL */
1326 			return (NULL);
1327 		}
1328 		if (errno != EINVAL) {
1329 			serrno = errno;
1330 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1331 			errno = serrno;
1332 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1333 		}
1334 		/* Fall back */
1335 	}
1336 
1337 #endif
1338 	digest_init(&ctx);
1339 
1340 	done_copy = 0;
1341 	if (trymmap((size_t)size) &&
1342 	    (p = mmap(NULL, (size_t)size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
1343 		    from_fd, (off_t)0)) != MAP_FAILED) {
1344 		nw = write(to_fd, p, size);
1345 		if (nw != size) {
1346 			serrno = errno;
1347 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1348 			if (nw >= 0) {
1349 				errx(EX_OSERR,
1350      "short write to %s: %jd bytes written, %jd bytes asked to write",
1351 				    to_name, (uintmax_t)nw, (uintmax_t)size);
1352 			} else {
1353 				errno = serrno;
1354 				err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1355 			}
1356 		}
1357 		digest_update(&ctx, p, size);
1358 		(void)munmap(p, size);
1359 		done_copy = 1;
1360 	}
1361 	if (!done_copy) {
1362 		if (buf == NULL) {
1363 			/*
1364 			 * Note that buf and bufsize are static. If
1365 			 * malloc() fails, it will fail at the start
1366 			 * and not copy only some files.
1367 			 */
1368 			if (sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) >
1369 			    PHYSPAGES_THRESHOLD)
1370 				bufsize = MIN(BUFSIZE_MAX, MAXPHYS * 8);
1371 			else
1372 				bufsize = BUFSIZE_SMALL;
1373 			buf = malloc(bufsize);
1374 			if (buf == NULL)
1375 				err(1, "Not enough memory");
1376 		}
1377 		while ((nr = read(from_fd, buf, bufsize)) > 0) {
1378 			if ((nw = write(to_fd, buf, nr)) != nr) {
1379 				serrno = errno;
1380 				(void)unlink(to_name);
1381 				if (nw >= 0) {
1382 					errx(EX_OSERR,
1383      "short write to %s: %jd bytes written, %jd bytes asked to write",
1384 					    to_name, (uintmax_t)nw,
1385 					    (uintmax_t)size);
1386 				} else {
1387 					errno = serrno;
1388 					err(EX_OSERR, "%s", to_name);
1389 				}
1390 			}
1391 			digest_update(&ctx, buf, nr);
1392 		}
1393 		if (nr != 0) {
1394 			serrno = errno;
1395 			(void)unlink(to_name);
1396 			errno = serrno;
1397 			err(EX_OSERR, "%s", from_name);
1398 		}
1399 	}
1400 	if (safecopy && fsync(to_fd) == -1) {
1401 		serrno = errno;
1402 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1403 		errno = serrno;
1404 		err(EX_OSERR, "fsync failed for %s", to_name);
1405 	}
1406 	return (digest_end(&ctx, NULL));
1407 }
1408 
1409 /*
1410  * strip --
1411  *	Use strip(1) to strip the target file.
1412  *	Just invoke strip(1) on to_name if from_name is NULL, else try
1413  *	to run "strip -o to_name from_name" and return 0 on failure.
1414  *	Return 1 on success and assign result of digest_file(to_name)
1415  *	to *dresp.
1416  */
1417 static int
1418 strip(const char *to_name, int to_fd, const char *from_name, char **dresp)
1419 {
1420 	const char *stripbin;
1421 	const char *args[5];
1422 	char *prefixed_from_name;
1423 	pid_t pid;
1424 	int error, serrno, status;
1425 
1426 	prefixed_from_name = NULL;
1427 	stripbin = getenv("STRIPBIN");
1428 	if (stripbin == NULL)
1429 		stripbin = "strip";
1430 	args[0] = stripbin;
1431 	if (from_name == NULL) {
1432 		args[1] = to_name;
1433 		args[2] = NULL;
1434 	} else {
1435 		args[1] = "-o";
1436 		args[2] = to_name;
1437 
1438 		/* Prepend './' if from_name begins with '-' */
1439 		if (from_name[0] == '-') {
1440 			if (asprintf(&prefixed_from_name, "./%s", from_name) == -1)
1441 				return (0);
1442 			args[3] = prefixed_from_name;
1443 		} else {
1444 			args[3] = from_name;
1445 		}
1446 		args[4] = NULL;
1447 	}
1448 	error = posix_spawnp(&pid, stripbin, NULL, NULL,
1449 	    __DECONST(char **, args), environ);
1450 	if (error != 0) {
1451 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1452 		errc(error == EAGAIN || error == EPROCLIM || error == ENOMEM ?
1453 		    EX_TEMPFAIL : EX_OSERR, error, "spawn %s", stripbin);
1454 	}
1455 	free(prefixed_from_name);
1456 	if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
1457 		error = errno;
1458 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1459 		errc(EX_SOFTWARE, error, "wait");
1460 		/* NOTREACHED */
1461 	}
1462 	if (status != 0) {
1463 		if (from_name != NULL)
1464 			return (0);
1465 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1466 		errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "strip command %s failed on %s",
1467 		    stripbin, to_name);
1468 	}
1469 	if (from_name != NULL && safecopy && fsync(to_fd) == -1) {
1470 		serrno = errno;
1471 		(void)unlink(to_name);
1472 		errno = serrno;
1473 		err(EX_OSERR, "fsync failed for %s", to_name);
1474 	}
1475 	if (dresp != NULL)
1476 		*dresp = digest_file(to_name);
1477 	return (1);
1478 }
1479 
1480 /*
1481  * install_dir --
1482  *	build directory hierarchy
1483  */
1484 static void
1485 install_dir(char *path)
1486 {
1487 	char *p;
1488 	struct stat sb;
1489 	int ch, tried_mkdir;
1490 
1491 	for (p = path;; ++p)
1492 		if (!*p || (p != path && *p  == '/')) {
1493 			tried_mkdir = 0;
1494 			ch = *p;
1495 			*p = '\0';
1496 again:
1497 			if (stat(path, &sb) != 0) {
1498 				if (errno != ENOENT || tried_mkdir)
1499 					err(EX_OSERR, "stat %s", path);
1500 				if (mkdir(path, 0755) < 0) {
1501 					tried_mkdir = 1;
1502 					if (errno == EEXIST)
1503 						goto again;
1504 					err(EX_OSERR, "mkdir %s", path);
1505 				}
1506 				if (verbose)
1507 					(void)printf("install: mkdir %s\n",
1508 					    path);
1509 			} else if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
1510 				errx(EX_OSERR, "%s exists but is not a directory", path);
1511 			if (!(*p = ch))
1512 				break;
1513  		}
1514 
1515 	if (!dounpriv) {
1516 		if ((gid != (gid_t)-1 || uid != (uid_t)-1) &&
1517 		    chown(path, uid, gid))
1518 			warn("chown %u:%u %s", uid, gid, path);
1519 		/* XXXBED: should we do the chmod in the dounpriv case? */
1520 		if (chmod(path, mode))
1521 			warn("chmod %o %s", mode, path);
1522 	}
1523 	metadata_log(path, "dir", NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
1524 }
1525 
1526 /*
1527  * metadata_log --
1528  *	if metafp is not NULL, output mtree(8) full path name and settings to
1529  *	metafp, to allow permissions to be set correctly by other tools,
1530  *	or to allow integrity checks to be performed.
1531  */
1532 static void
1533 metadata_log(const char *path, const char *type, struct timespec *ts,
1534 	const char *slink, const char *digestresult, off_t size)
1535 {
1536 	static const char extra[] = { ' ', '\t', '\n', '\\', '#', '\0' };
1537 	const char *p;
1538 	char *buf;
1539 	size_t destlen;
1540 	struct flock metalog_lock;
1541 
1542 	if (!metafp)
1543 		return;
1544 	/* Buffer for strsvis(3). */
1545 	buf = (char *)malloc(4 * strlen(path) + 1);
1546 	if (buf == NULL) {
1547 		warnx("%s", strerror(ENOMEM));
1548 		return;
1549 	}
1550 
1551 	/* Lock log file. */
1552 	metalog_lock.l_start = 0;
1553 	metalog_lock.l_len = 0;
1554 	metalog_lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
1555 	metalog_lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
1556 	if (fcntl(fileno(metafp), F_SETLKW, &metalog_lock) == -1) {
1557 		warn("can't lock %s", metafile);
1558 		free(buf);
1559 		return;
1560 	}
1561 
1562 	/* Remove destdir. */
1563 	p = path;
1564 	if (destdir) {
1565 		destlen = strlen(destdir);
1566 		if (strncmp(p, destdir, destlen) == 0 &&
1567 		    (p[destlen] == '/' || p[destlen] == '\0'))
1568 			p += destlen;
1569 	}
1570 	while (*p && *p == '/')
1571 		p++;
1572 	strsvis(buf, p, VIS_OCTAL, extra);
1573 	p = buf;
1574 	/* Print details. */
1575 	fprintf(metafp, ".%s%s type=%s", *p ? "/" : "", p, type);
1576 	if (owner)
1577 		fprintf(metafp, " uname=%s", owner);
1578 	if (group)
1579 		fprintf(metafp, " gname=%s", group);
1580 	fprintf(metafp, " mode=%#o", mode);
1581 	if (slink) {
1582 		strsvis(buf, slink, VIS_CSTYLE, extra);	/* encode link */
1583 		fprintf(metafp, " link=%s", buf);
1584 	}
1585 	if (*type == 'f') /* type=file */
1586 		fprintf(metafp, " size=%lld", (long long)size);
1587 	if (ts != NULL && dopreserve)
1588 		fprintf(metafp, " time=%lld.%09ld",
1589 			(long long)ts[1].tv_sec, ts[1].tv_nsec);
1590 	if (digestresult && digest)
1591 		fprintf(metafp, " %s=%s", digest, digestresult);
1592 	if (fflags)
1593 		fprintf(metafp, " flags=%s", fflags);
1594 	if (tags)
1595 		fprintf(metafp, " tags=%s", tags);
1596 	fputc('\n', metafp);
1597 	/* Flush line. */
1598 	fflush(metafp);
1599 
1600 	/* Unlock log file. */
1601 	metalog_lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
1602 	if (fcntl(fileno(metafp), F_SETLKW, &metalog_lock) == -1)
1603 		warn("can't unlock %s", metafile);
1604 	free(buf);
1605 }
1606 
1607 /*
1608  * usage --
1609  *	print a usage message and die
1610  */
1611 static void
1612 usage(void)
1613 {
1614 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1615 "usage: install [-bCcpSsUv] [-f flags] [-g group] [-m mode] [-o owner]\n"
1616 "               [-M log] [-D dest] [-h hash] [-T tags]\n"
1617 "               [-B suffix] [-l linkflags] [-N dbdir]\n"
1618 "               file1 file2\n"
1619 "       install [-bCcpSsUv] [-f flags] [-g group] [-m mode] [-o owner]\n"
1620 "               [-M log] [-D dest] [-h hash] [-T tags]\n"
1621 "               [-B suffix] [-l linkflags] [-N dbdir]\n"
1622 "               file1 ... fileN directory\n"
1623 "       install -dU [-vU] [-g group] [-m mode] [-N dbdir] [-o owner]\n"
1624 "               [-M log] [-D dest] [-h hash] [-T tags]\n"
1625 "               directory ...\n");
1626 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1627 	/* NOTREACHED */
1628 }
1629 
1630 /*
1631  * trymmap --
1632  *	return true (1) if mmap should be tried, false (0) if not.
1633  */
1634 static int
1635 trymmap(size_t filesize)
1636 {
1637 	/*
1638 	 * This function existed to skip mmap() for NFS file systems whereas
1639 	 * nowadays mmap() should be perfectly safe. Nevertheless, using mmap()
1640 	 * only reduces the number of system calls if we need multiple read()
1641 	 * syscalls, i.e. if the file size is > MAXBSIZE. However, mmap() is
1642 	 * more expensive than read() so set the threshold at 4 fewer syscalls.
1643 	 * Additionally, for larger file size mmap() can significantly increase
1644 	 * the number of page faults, so avoid it in that case.
1645 	 *
1646 	 * Note: the 8MB limit is not based on any meaningful benchmarking
1647 	 * results, it is simply reusing the same value that was used before
1648 	 * and also matches bin/cp.
1649 	 *
1650 	 * XXX: Maybe we shouldn't bother with mmap() at all, since we use
1651 	 * MAXBSIZE the syscall overhead of read() shouldn't be too high?
1652 	 */
1653 	return (filesize > 4 * MAXBSIZE && filesize < 8 * 1024 * 1024);
1654 }
1655