1.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" From: @(#)install.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd May 7, 2001 36.Dt INSTALL 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm install 40.Nd install binaries 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl bCcMpSsv 44.Op Fl B Ar suffix 45.Op Fl f Ar flags 46.Op Fl g Ar group 47.Op Fl m Ar mode 48.Op Fl o Ar owner 49.Ar file1 file2 50.Nm 51.Op Fl bCcMpSsv 52.Op Fl B Ar suffix 53.Op Fl f Ar flags 54.Op Fl g Ar group 55.Op Fl m Ar mode 56.Op Fl o Ar owner 57.Ar file1 58\&... 59.Ar fileN directory 60.Nm 61.Fl d 62.Op Fl v 63.Op Fl g Ar group 64.Op Fl m Ar mode 65.Op Fl o Ar owner 66.Ar directory 67\&... 68.Sh DESCRIPTION 69The file(s) are moved (or copied if the 70.Fl c 71option is specified) to the target file or directory. 72If the destination is a directory, then the 73.Ar file 74is moved into 75.Ar directory 76with its original filename. 77If the target file already exists, it is 78either renamed to 79.Ar file Ns Pa .old 80if the 81.Fl b 82option is given 83or overwritten 84if permissions allow. 85An alternate backup suffix may be specified via the 86.Fl B 87option's argument. 88.Pp 89The options are as follows: 90.Bl -tag -width indent 91.It Fl b 92Back up any existing files before overwriting them by renaming 93them to 94.Ar file Ns Pa .old . 95See 96.Fl B 97for specifying a different backup suffix. 98.It Fl B Ar suffix 99Use 100.Ar suffix 101as the backup suffix if 102.Fl b 103is given. 104.It Fl C 105Copy the file. 106If the target file already exists and the files are the same, 107then don't change the modification time of the target. 108.It Fl c 109Copy the file. 110This is actually the default. 111The 112.Fl c 113option is only included for backwards compatibility. 114.It Fl d 115Create directories. 116Missing parent directories are created as required. 117.It Fl f 118Specify the target's file flags; see 119.Xr chflags 1 120for a list of possible flags and their meanings. 121.It Fl g 122Specify a group. 123A numeric GID is allowed. 124.It Fl M 125Disable all use of 126.Xr mmap 2 . 127.It Fl m 128Specify an alternate mode. 129The default mode is set to rwxr-xr-x (0755). 130The specified mode may be either an octal or symbolic value; see 131.Xr chmod 1 132for a description of possible mode values. 133.It Fl o 134Specify an owner. 135A numeric UID is allowed. 136.It Fl p 137Preserve the modification time. 138Copy the file, as if the 139.Fl C 140(compare and copy) option is specified, 141except if the target file doesn't already exist or is different, 142then preserve the modification time of the file. 143.It Fl S 144Safe copy. 145Normally, 146.Nm 147unlinks an existing target before installing the new file. 148With the 149.Fl S 150flag a temporary file is used and then renamed to be 151the target. 152The reason this is safer is that if the copy or 153rename fails, the existing target is left untouched. 154.It Fl s 155.Nm 156exec's the command 157.Xr strip 1 158to strip binaries so that 159.Nm 160can be portable over a large 161number of systems and binary types. 162.It Fl v 163Causes 164.Nm 165to show when 166.Fl C 167actually installs something. 168.El 169.Pp 170By default, 171.Nm 172preserves all file flags, with the exception of the 173.Dq nodump 174flag. 175.Pp 176The 177.Nm 178utility attempts to prevent moving a file onto itself. 179.Pp 180Installing 181.Pa /dev/null 182creates an empty file. 183.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 184The 185.Nm 186utility exits 0 on success, and 1 otherwise. 187.Sh FILES 188.Bl -tag -width INS@XXXX -compact 189.It Pa INS@XXXX 190If either 191.Fl S 192option is specified, or the 193.Fl C 194or 195.Fl p 196option is used in conjuction with the 197.Fl s 198option, temporary files named 199.Pa INS@XXXX , 200where 201.Pa XXXX 202is decided by 203.Xr mkstemp 3 , 204are created in the target directory. 205.El 206.Sh SEE ALSO 207.Xr chflags 1 , 208.Xr chgrp 1 , 209.Xr chmod 1 , 210.Xr cp 1 , 211.Xr mv 1 , 212.Xr strip 1 , 213.Xr mmap 2 , 214.Xr chown 8 215.Sh HISTORY 216The 217.Nm 218utility appeared in 219.Bx 4.2 . 220.Sh BUGS 221Temporary files may be left in the target directory if 222.Nm 223exits abnormally. 224.Pp 225File flags cannot be set by 226.Xr fchflags 2 227over a NFS file system. Other file systems do not have a concept of flags. 228.Nm 229will only warn when flags could not be set on a file system 230that does not support them. 231.Pp 232.Nm 233with 234.Fl v 235falsely says a file is copied when 236.Fl C 237snaps hard links. 238