1.\" Manpage Copyright (c) 1995, Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> 2.\" 3.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 4.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 5.\" are met: 6.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 7.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 8.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 10.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 11.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 12.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 13.\" This product includes software developed by the FreeBSD Project 14.\" its contributors. 15.\" 4. Neither the name of the FreeBSD Project nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE CONTRIBUTOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 21.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 22.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 23.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 24.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 25.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 26.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 27.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 28.\" OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.Dd September 24, 2020 31.Dt WHICH 1 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm which 35.Nd "locate a program file in the user's path" 36.Sh SYNOPSIS 37.Nm 38.Op Fl as 39.Ar program ... 40.Sh DESCRIPTION 41The 42.Nm 43utility 44takes a list of command names and searches the path for each executable 45file that would be run had these commands actually been invoked. 46.Pp 47The following options are available: 48.Bl -tag -width indent 49.It Fl a 50List all instances of executables found (instead of just the first one 51of each). 52.It Fl s 53No output, just return 0 if all of the executables are found, or 1 if 54some were not found. 55.El 56.Pp 57Some shells may provide a builtin 58.Nm 59command which is similar or identical to this utility. 60Consult the 61.Xr builtin 1 62manual page. 63.Sh EXAMPLES 64Locate the 65.Xr ls 1 66and 67.Xr cp 1 68commands: 69.Bd -literal -offset indent 70$ /usr/bin/which ls cp 71/bin/ls 72/bin/cp 73.Ed 74.Pp 75Same as above with a specific 76.Ev PATH 77and showing all occurrences: 78.Bd -literal -offset indent 79$ PATH=/bin:/rescue /usr/bin/which -a ls cp 80/bin/ls 81/rescue/ls 82/bin/cp 83/rescue/cp 84.Ed 85.Pp 86.Nm which 87will show duplicates if the same executable is found more than once: 88.Bd -literal -offset indent 89$ PATH=/bin:/bin /usr/bin/which -a ls 90/bin/ls 91/bin/ls 92.Ed 93.Pp 94Do not show output. 95Just exit with an appropriate return code: 96.Bd -literal -offset indent 97$ /usr/bin/which -s ls cp 98$ echo $? 990 100 101$ /usr/bin/which -s fakecommand 102$ echo $? 1031 104.Ed 105.Sh SEE ALSO 106.Xr builtin 1 , 107.Xr csh 1 , 108.Xr find 1 , 109.Xr locate 1 , 110.Xr whereis 1 111.Sh HISTORY 112The 113.Nm 114command first appeared in 115.Fx 2.1 . 116.Sh AUTHORS 117.An -nosplit 118The 119.Nm 120utility was originally written in Perl and was contributed by 121.An Wolfram Schneider Aq Mt wosch@FreeBSD.org . 122The current version of 123.Nm 124was rewritten in C by 125.An Daniel Papasian Aq Mt dpapasia@andrew.cmu.edu . 126