1.\" Manpage Copyright (c) 1995, Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> 2.\" 3.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 4.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 5.\" are met: 6.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 7.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 8.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 10.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 11.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 12.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 13.\" This product includes software developed by the FreeBSD Project 14.\" its contributors. 15.\" 4. Neither the name of the FreeBSD Project nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE CONTRIBUTOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 21.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 22.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 23.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 24.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 25.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 26.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 27.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 28.\" OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" $FreeBSD$ 31.\" 32.Dd September 24, 2020 33.Dt WHICH 1 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm which 37.Nd "locate a program file in the user's path" 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Fl as 41.Ar program ... 42.Sh DESCRIPTION 43The 44.Nm 45utility 46takes a list of command names and searches the path for each executable 47file that would be run had these commands actually been invoked. 48.Pp 49The following options are available: 50.Bl -tag -width indent 51.It Fl a 52List all instances of executables found (instead of just the first one 53of each). 54.It Fl s 55No output, just return 0 if all of the executables are found, or 1 if 56some were not found. 57.El 58.Pp 59Some shells may provide a builtin 60.Nm 61command which is similar or identical to this utility. 62Consult the 63.Xr builtin 1 64manual page. 65.Sh EXAMPLES 66Locate the 67.Xr ls 1 68and 69.Xr cp 1 70commands: 71.Bd -literal -offset indent 72$ /usr/bin/which ls cp 73/bin/ls 74/bin/cp 75.Ed 76.Pp 77Same as above with a specific 78.Ev PATH 79and showing all occurrences: 80.Bd -literal -offset indent 81$ PATH=/bin:/rescue /usr/bin/which -a ls cp 82/bin/ls 83/rescue/ls 84/bin/cp 85/rescue/cp 86.Ed 87.Pp 88.Nm which 89will show duplicates if the same executable is found more than once: 90.Bd -literal -offset indent 91$ PATH=/bin:/bin /usr/bin/which -a ls 92/bin/ls 93/bin/ls 94.Ed 95.Pp 96Do not show output. 97Just exit with an appropriate return code: 98.Bd -literal -offset indent 99$ /usr/bin/which -s ls cp 100$ echo $? 1010 102 103$ /usr/bin/which -s fakecommand 104$ echo $? 1051 106.Ed 107.Sh SEE ALSO 108.Xr builtin 1 , 109.Xr csh 1 , 110.Xr find 1 , 111.Xr locate 1 , 112.Xr whereis 1 113.Sh HISTORY 114The 115.Nm 116command first appeared in 117.Fx 2.1 . 118.Sh AUTHORS 119.An -nosplit 120The 121.Nm 122utility was originally written in Perl and was contributed by 123.An Wolfram Schneider Aq Mt wosch@FreeBSD.org . 124The current version of 125.Nm 126was rewritten in C by 127.An Daniel Papasian Aq Mt dpapasia@andrew.cmu.edu . 128