xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c (revision eb69d1f144a6fcc765d1b9d44a5ae8082353e70b)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #ifndef lint
33 static const char copyright[] =
34 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993\n\
35 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
36 #endif /* not lint */
37 
38 #if 0
39 #ifndef lint
40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)vmstat.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 #endif
43 
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
46 
47 #include <sys/param.h>
48 #include <sys/proc.h>
49 #include <sys/uio.h>
50 #include <sys/namei.h>
51 #include <sys/malloc.h>
52 #include <sys/signal.h>
53 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
54 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
55 #include <sys/resource.h>
56 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
57 #include <sys/time.h>
58 #include <sys/user.h>
59 #define	_WANT_VMMETER
60 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
61 #include <sys/pcpu.h>
62 
63 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
64 
65 #include <ctype.h>
66 #include <devstat.h>
67 #include <err.h>
68 #include <errno.h>
69 #include <inttypes.h>
70 #include <kvm.h>
71 #include <limits.h>
72 #include <memstat.h>
73 #include <nlist.h>
74 #include <paths.h>
75 #include <stdio.h>
76 #include <stdlib.h>
77 #include <string.h>
78 #include <sysexits.h>
79 #include <time.h>
80 #include <unistd.h>
81 #include <libutil.h>
82 #include <libxo/xo.h>
83 
84 #define VMSTAT_XO_VERSION "1"
85 
86 static char da[] = "da";
87 
88 enum x_stats { X_SUM, X_HZ, X_STATHZ, X_NCHSTATS, X_INTRNAMES, X_SINTRNAMES,
89     X_INTRCNT, X_SINTRCNT, X_DEFICIT, X_REC, X_PGIN, X_XSTATS };
90 
91 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
92 	[X_SUM] = { .n_name = "_vm_cnt", },
93 	[X_HZ] = { .n_name = "_hz", },
94 	[X_STATHZ] = { .n_name = "_stathz", },
95 	[X_NCHSTATS] = { .n_name = "_nchstats", },
96 	[X_INTRNAMES] = { .n_name = "_intrnames", },
97 	[X_SINTRNAMES] = { .n_name = "_sintrnames", },
98 	[X_INTRCNT] = { .n_name = "_intrcnt", },
99 	[X_SINTRCNT] = { .n_name = "_sintrcnt", },
100 #ifdef notyet
101 	[X_DEFICIT] = { .n_name = "_deficit", },
102 	[X_REC] = { .n_name = "_rectime", },
103 	[X_PGIN] = { .n_name = "_pgintime", },
104 	[X_XSTATS] = { .n_name = "_xstats", },
105 #endif
106 	{ .n_name = NULL, },
107 };
108 
109 static struct devstat_match *matches;
110 static struct device_selection *dev_select;
111 static struct statinfo cur, last;
112 static devstat_select_mode select_mode;
113 static size_t size_cp_times;
114 static long *cur_cp_times, *last_cp_times;
115 static long generation, select_generation;
116 static int hz, hdrcnt, maxshowdevs;
117 static int num_devices, num_devices_specified;
118 static int num_matches, num_selected, num_selections;
119 static char **specified_devices;
120 
121 static struct __vmmeter {
122 	uint64_t v_swtch;
123 	uint64_t v_trap;
124 	uint64_t v_syscall;
125 	uint64_t v_intr;
126 	uint64_t v_soft;
127 	uint64_t v_vm_faults;
128 	uint64_t v_io_faults;
129 	uint64_t v_cow_faults;
130 	uint64_t v_cow_optim;
131 	uint64_t v_zfod;
132 	uint64_t v_ozfod;
133 	uint64_t v_swapin;
134 	uint64_t v_swapout;
135 	uint64_t v_swappgsin;
136 	uint64_t v_swappgsout;
137 	uint64_t v_vnodein;
138 	uint64_t v_vnodeout;
139 	uint64_t v_vnodepgsin;
140 	uint64_t v_vnodepgsout;
141 	uint64_t v_intrans;
142 	uint64_t v_reactivated;
143 	uint64_t v_pdwakeups;
144 	uint64_t v_pdpages;
145 	uint64_t v_pdshortfalls;
146 	uint64_t v_dfree;
147 	uint64_t v_pfree;
148 	uint64_t v_tfree;
149 	uint64_t v_forks;
150 	uint64_t v_vforks;
151 	uint64_t v_rforks;
152 	uint64_t v_kthreads;
153 	uint64_t v_forkpages;
154 	uint64_t v_vforkpages;
155 	uint64_t v_rforkpages;
156 	uint64_t v_kthreadpages;
157 	u_int v_page_size;
158 	u_int v_page_count;
159 	u_int v_free_reserved;
160 	u_int v_free_target;
161 	u_int v_free_min;
162 	u_int v_free_count;
163 	u_int v_wire_count;
164 	u_int v_active_count;
165 	u_int v_inactive_target;
166 	u_int v_inactive_count;
167 	u_int v_laundry_count;
168 	u_int v_pageout_free_min;
169 	u_int v_interrupt_free_min;
170 	u_int v_free_severe;
171 } sum, osum;
172 
173 #define	VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES	20	/* Default number of `winlines'. */
174 static volatile sig_atomic_t wresized;		/* Tty resized when non-zero. */
175 static int winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES; /* Current number of tty rows. */
176 
177 static int	aflag;
178 static int	nflag;
179 static int	Pflag;
180 static int	hflag;
181 
182 static kvm_t	*kd;
183 
184 #define	FORKSTAT	0x01
185 #define	INTRSTAT	0x02
186 #define	MEMSTAT		0x04
187 #define	SUMSTAT		0x08
188 #define	TIMESTAT	0x10
189 #define	VMSTAT		0x20
190 #define	ZMEMSTAT	0x40
191 #define	OBJSTAT		0x80
192 
193 static void	cpustats(void);
194 static void	pcpustats(u_long, int);
195 static void	devstats(void);
196 static void	doforkst(void);
197 static void	dointr(unsigned int, int);
198 static void	doobjstat(void);
199 static void	dosum(void);
200 static void	dovmstat(unsigned int, int);
201 static void	domemstat_malloc(void);
202 static void	domemstat_zone(void);
203 static void	kread(int, void *, size_t);
204 static void	kreado(int, void *, size_t, size_t);
205 static void	needhdr(int);
206 static void	needresize(int);
207 static void	doresize(void);
208 static void	printhdr(int, u_long);
209 static void	usage(void);
210 
211 static long	pct(long, long);
212 static long long	getuptime(void);
213 
214 static char	**getdrivedata(char **);
215 
216 int
217 main(int argc, char *argv[])
218 {
219 	char *bp, *buf, *memf, *nlistf;
220 	float f;
221 	int bufsize, c, len, reps, todo;
222 	unsigned int interval;
223 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
224 
225 	memf = nlistf = NULL;
226 	interval = reps = todo = 0;
227 	maxshowdevs = 2;
228 	hflag = isatty(1);
229 
230 	argc = xo_parse_args(argc, argv);
231 	if (argc < 0)
232 		return (argc);
233 
234 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ac:fhHiM:mN:n:oPp:stw:z")) != -1) {
235 		switch (c) {
236 		case 'a':
237 			aflag++;
238 			break;
239 		case 'c':
240 			reps = atoi(optarg);
241 			break;
242 		case 'P':
243 			Pflag++;
244 			break;
245 		case 'f':
246 			todo |= FORKSTAT;
247 			break;
248 		case 'h':
249 			hflag = 1;
250 			break;
251 		case 'H':
252 			hflag = 0;
253 			break;
254 		case 'i':
255 			todo |= INTRSTAT;
256 			break;
257 		case 'M':
258 			memf = optarg;
259 			break;
260 		case 'm':
261 			todo |= MEMSTAT;
262 			break;
263 		case 'N':
264 			nlistf = optarg;
265 			break;
266 		case 'n':
267 			nflag = 1;
268 			maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
269 			if (maxshowdevs < 0)
270 				xo_errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
271 				    maxshowdevs);
272 			break;
273 		case 'o':
274 			todo |= OBJSTAT;
275 			break;
276 		case 'p':
277 			if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches)
278 			    != 0)
279 				xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
280 			break;
281 		case 's':
282 			todo |= SUMSTAT;
283 			break;
284 		case 't':
285 #ifdef notyet
286 			todo |= TIMESTAT;
287 #else
288 			xo_errx(EX_USAGE,
289 			    "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet");
290 #endif
291 			break;
292 		case 'w':
293 			/* Convert to milliseconds. */
294 			f = atof(optarg);
295 			interval = f * 1000;
296 			break;
297 		case 'z':
298 			todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
299 			break;
300 		case '?':
301 		default:
302 			usage();
303 		}
304 	}
305 	argc -= optind;
306 	argv += optind;
307 
308 	xo_set_version(VMSTAT_XO_VERSION);
309 	if (todo == 0)
310 		todo = VMSTAT;
311 
312 	if (memf != NULL) {
313 		kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
314 		if (kd == NULL)
315 			xo_errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
316 	}
317 
318 retry_nlist:
319 	if (kd != NULL && (c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
320 		if (c > 0) {
321 			bufsize = 0, len = 0;
322 
323 			/*
324 			 * 'cnt' was renamed to 'vm_cnt'.  If 'vm_cnt' is not
325 			 * found try looking up older 'cnt' symbol.
326 			 * */
327 			if (namelist[X_SUM].n_type == 0 &&
328 			    strcmp(namelist[X_SUM].n_name, "_vm_cnt") == 0) {
329 				namelist[X_SUM].n_name = "_cnt";
330 				goto retry_nlist;
331 			}
332 
333 			for (c = 0; c < (int)(nitems(namelist)); c++)
334 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
335 					bufsize += strlen(namelist[c].n_name)
336 					    + 1;
337 			bufsize += len + 1;
338 			buf = bp = alloca(bufsize);
339 
340 			for (c = 0; c < (int)(nitems(namelist)); c++)
341 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0) {
342 					xo_error(" %s",
343 					    namelist[c].n_name);
344 					len = strlen(namelist[c].n_name);
345 					*bp++ = ' ';
346 					memcpy(bp, namelist[c].n_name, len);
347 					bp += len;
348 				}
349 			*bp = '\0';
350 			xo_error("undefined symbols:\n", buf);
351 		} else
352 			xo_warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
353 		xo_finish();
354 		exit(1);
355 	}
356 	if (kd && Pflag)
357 		xo_errx(1, "Cannot use -P with crash dumps");
358 
359 	if (todo & VMSTAT) {
360 		/*
361 		 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
362 		 * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
363 		 * message informing the user of his mistake.
364 		 */
365 		if (devstat_checkversion(NULL) < 0)
366 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
367 
368 
369 		argv = getdrivedata(argv);
370 	}
371 
372 	if (*argv) {
373 		f = atof(*argv);
374 		interval = f * 1000;
375 		if (*++argv)
376 			reps = atoi(*argv);
377 	}
378 
379 	if (interval) {
380 		if (!reps)
381 			reps = -1;
382 	} else if (reps)
383 		interval = 1 * 1000;
384 
385 	if (todo & FORKSTAT)
386 		doforkst();
387 	if (todo & MEMSTAT)
388 		domemstat_malloc();
389 	if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
390 		domemstat_zone();
391 	if (todo & SUMSTAT)
392 		dosum();
393 	if (todo & OBJSTAT)
394 		doobjstat();
395 #ifdef notyet
396 	if (todo & TIMESTAT)
397 		dotimes();
398 #endif
399 	if (todo & INTRSTAT)
400 		dointr(interval, reps);
401 	if (todo & VMSTAT)
402 		dovmstat(interval, reps);
403 	xo_finish();
404 	exit(0);
405 }
406 
407 static int
408 mysysctl(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp)
409 {
410 	int error;
411 
412 	error = sysctlbyname(name, oldp, oldlenp, NULL, 0);
413 	if (error != 0 && errno != ENOMEM)
414 		xo_err(1, "sysctl(%s)", name);
415 	return (error);
416 }
417 
418 static char **
419 getdrivedata(char **argv)
420 {
421 
422 	if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(NULL)) < 0)
423 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
424 
425 	cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct devinfo));
426 	last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct devinfo));
427 
428 	if (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur) == -1)
429 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
430 
431 	num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
432 	generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
433 
434 	specified_devices = malloc(sizeof(char *));
435 	for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
436 		if (isdigit(**argv))
437 			break;
438 		num_devices_specified++;
439 		specified_devices = realloc(specified_devices,
440 		    sizeof(char *) * num_devices_specified);
441 		specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
442 	}
443 	dev_select = NULL;
444 
445 	if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
446 		maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
447 
448 	/*
449 	 * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
450 	 * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
451 	 * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
452 	 * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
453 	 * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
454 	 * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
455 	 * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
456 	 * those devices.
457 	 */
458 	if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
459 		if (devstat_buildmatch(da, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
460 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
461 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
462 	} else
463 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
464 
465 	/*
466 	 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
467 	 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
468 	 * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
469 	 */
470 	if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
471 	    &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
472 	    num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
473 	    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
474 	    maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
475 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
476 
477 	return(argv);
478 }
479 
480 /* Return system uptime in nanoseconds */
481 static long long
482 getuptime(void)
483 {
484 	struct timespec sp;
485 
486 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_UPTIME, &sp);
487 	return((long long)sp.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + sp.tv_nsec);
488 }
489 
490 static void
491 fill_vmmeter(struct __vmmeter *vmmp)
492 {
493 	struct vmmeter vm_cnt;
494 	size_t size;
495 
496 	if (kd != NULL) {
497 		kread(X_SUM, &vm_cnt, sizeof(vm_cnt));
498 #define	GET_COUNTER(name) \
499 		vmmp->name = kvm_counter_u64_fetch(kd, (u_long)vm_cnt.name)
500 		GET_COUNTER(v_swtch);
501 		GET_COUNTER(v_trap);
502 		GET_COUNTER(v_syscall);
503 		GET_COUNTER(v_intr);
504 		GET_COUNTER(v_soft);
505 		GET_COUNTER(v_vm_faults);
506 		GET_COUNTER(v_io_faults);
507 		GET_COUNTER(v_cow_faults);
508 		GET_COUNTER(v_cow_optim);
509 		GET_COUNTER(v_zfod);
510 		GET_COUNTER(v_ozfod);
511 		GET_COUNTER(v_swapin);
512 		GET_COUNTER(v_swapout);
513 		GET_COUNTER(v_swappgsin);
514 		GET_COUNTER(v_swappgsout);
515 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodein);
516 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodeout);
517 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodepgsin);
518 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodepgsout);
519 		GET_COUNTER(v_intrans);
520 		GET_COUNTER(v_tfree);
521 		GET_COUNTER(v_forks);
522 		GET_COUNTER(v_vforks);
523 		GET_COUNTER(v_rforks);
524 		GET_COUNTER(v_kthreads);
525 		GET_COUNTER(v_forkpages);
526 		GET_COUNTER(v_vforkpages);
527 		GET_COUNTER(v_rforkpages);
528 		GET_COUNTER(v_kthreadpages);
529 #undef GET_COUNTER
530 	} else {
531 #define GET_VM_STATS(cat, name)	do {					\
532 	size = sizeof(vmmp->name);					\
533 	mysysctl("vm.stats." #cat "." #name, &vmmp->name, &size);	\
534 } while (0)
535 		/* sys */
536 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_swtch);
537 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_trap);
538 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_syscall);
539 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_intr);
540 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_soft);
541 
542 		/* vm */
543 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vm_faults);
544 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_io_faults);
545 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_faults);
546 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_optim);
547 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_zfod);
548 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_ozfod);
549 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapin);
550 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapout);
551 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsin);
552 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsout);
553 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodein);
554 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodeout);
555 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsin);
556 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsout);
557 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_intrans);
558 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_reactivated);
559 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdwakeups);
560 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdpages);
561 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdshortfalls);
562 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_dfree);
563 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pfree);
564 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_tfree);
565 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_size);
566 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_count);
567 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_reserved);
568 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_target);
569 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_min);
570 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_count);
571 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_wire_count);
572 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_active_count);
573 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_target);
574 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_count);
575 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_laundry_count);
576 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pageout_free_min);
577 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_interrupt_free_min);
578 		/*GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_severe);*/
579 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forks);
580 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforks);
581 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforks);
582 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreads);
583 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forkpages);
584 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforkpages);
585 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforkpages);
586 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreadpages);
587 #undef GET_VM_STATS
588 	}
589 }
590 
591 static void
592 fill_vmtotal(struct vmtotal *vmtp)
593 {
594 	size_t size;
595 
596 	if (kd != NULL) {
597 		/* XXX fill vmtp */
598 		xo_errx(1, "not implemented");
599 	} else {
600 		size = sizeof(*vmtp);
601 		mysysctl("vm.vmtotal", vmtp, &size);
602 		if (size != sizeof(*vmtp))
603 			xo_errx(1, "vm.total size mismatch");
604 	}
605 }
606 
607 /* Determine how many cpu columns, and what index they are in kern.cp_times */
608 static int
609 getcpuinfo(u_long *maskp, int *maxidp)
610 {
611 	long *times;
612 	u_long mask;
613 	size_t size;
614 	int empty, i, j, maxcpu, maxid, ncpus;
615 
616 	if (kd != NULL)
617 		xo_errx(1, "not implemented");
618 	mask = 0;
619 	ncpus = 0;
620 	size = sizeof(maxcpu);
621 	mysysctl("kern.smp.maxcpus", &maxcpu, &size);
622 	if (size != sizeof(maxcpu))
623 		xo_errx(1, "sysctl kern.smp.maxcpus");
624 	size = sizeof(long) * maxcpu * CPUSTATES;
625 	times = malloc(size);
626 	if (times == NULL)
627 		xo_err(1, "malloc %zd bytes", size);
628 	mysysctl("kern.cp_times", times, &size);
629 	maxid = (size / CPUSTATES / sizeof(long)) - 1;
630 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
631 		empty = 1;
632 		for (j = 0; empty && j < CPUSTATES; j++) {
633 			if (times[i * CPUSTATES + j] != 0)
634 				empty = 0;
635 		}
636 		if (!empty) {
637 			mask |= (1ul << i);
638 			ncpus++;
639 		}
640 	}
641 	if (maskp)
642 		*maskp = mask;
643 	if (maxidp)
644 		*maxidp = maxid;
645 	return (ncpus);
646 }
647 
648 
649 static void
650 prthuman(const char *name, uint64_t val, int size)
651 {
652 	int flags;
653 	char buf[10];
654 	char fmt[128];
655 
656 	snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "{:%s/%%*s}", name);
657 
658 	if (size < 5 || size > 9)
659 		xo_errx(1, "doofus");
660 	flags = HN_B | HN_NOSPACE | HN_DECIMAL;
661 	humanize_number(buf, size, val, "", HN_AUTOSCALE, flags);
662 	xo_attr("value", "%ju", (uintmax_t) val);
663 	xo_emit(fmt, size, buf);
664 }
665 
666 static void
667 dovmstat(unsigned int interval, int reps)
668 {
669 	struct clockinfo clockrate;
670 	struct vmtotal total;
671 	struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
672 	u_long cpumask;
673 	size_t size;
674 	time_t uptime, halfuptime;
675 	int ncpus, maxid, rate_adj, retval;
676 
677 	uptime = getuptime() / 1000000000LL;
678 	halfuptime = uptime / 2;
679 	rate_adj = 1;
680 	ncpus = 1;
681 	maxid = 0;
682 	cpumask = 0;
683 
684 	/*
685 	 * If the user stops the program (control-Z) and then resumes it,
686 	 * print out the header again.
687 	 */
688 	(void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
689 
690 	/*
691 	 * If our standard output is a tty, then install a SIGWINCH handler
692 	 * and set wresized so that our first iteration through the main
693 	 * vmstat loop will peek at the terminal's current rows to find out
694 	 * how many lines can fit in a screenful of output.
695 	 */
696 	if (isatty(fileno(stdout)) != 0) {
697 		wresized = 1;
698 		(void)signal(SIGWINCH, needresize);
699 	} else {
700 		wresized = 0;
701 		winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES;
702 	}
703 
704 	if (kd != NULL) {
705 		if (namelist[X_STATHZ].n_type != 0 &&
706 		    namelist[X_STATHZ].n_value != 0)
707 			kread(X_STATHZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
708 		if (!hz)
709 			kread(X_HZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
710 	} else {
711 		size = sizeof(clockrate);
712 		mysysctl("kern.clockrate", &clockrate, &size);
713 		if (size != sizeof(clockrate))
714 			xo_errx(1, "clockrate size mismatch");
715 		hz = clockrate.hz;
716 	}
717 
718 	if (Pflag) {
719 		ncpus = getcpuinfo(&cpumask, &maxid);
720 		size_cp_times = sizeof(long) * (maxid + 1) * CPUSTATES;
721 		cur_cp_times = calloc(1, size_cp_times);
722 		last_cp_times = calloc(1, size_cp_times);
723 	}
724 	for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
725 		if (!--hdrcnt)
726 			printhdr(maxid, cpumask);
727 		if (kd != NULL) {
728 			if (kvm_getcptime(kd, cur.cp_time) < 0)
729 				xo_errx(1, "kvm_getcptime: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
730 		} else {
731 			size = sizeof(cur.cp_time);
732 			mysysctl("kern.cp_time", &cur.cp_time, &size);
733 			if (size != sizeof(cur.cp_time))
734 				xo_errx(1, "cp_time size mismatch");
735 		}
736 		if (Pflag) {
737 			size = size_cp_times;
738 			mysysctl("kern.cp_times", cur_cp_times, &size);
739 			if (size != size_cp_times)
740 				xo_errx(1, "cp_times mismatch");
741 		}
742 
743 		tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
744 		last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
745 		cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
746 		last.snap_time = cur.snap_time;
747 
748 		/*
749 		 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
750 		 * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
751 		 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
752 		 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
753 		 * were previously displaying has gone away.
754 		 */
755 		switch (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur)) {
756 		case -1:
757 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
758 			break;
759 		case 1:
760 			num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
761 			generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
762 
763 			retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
764 			    &num_selections, &select_generation,
765 			    generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
766 			    num_devices, matches, num_matches,
767 			    specified_devices,
768 			    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
769 			    maxshowdevs, 0);
770 			switch (retval) {
771 			case -1:
772 				xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
773 				break;
774 			case 1:
775 				printhdr(maxid, cpumask);
776 				break;
777 			default:
778 				break;
779 			}
780 			break;
781 		default:
782 			break;
783 		}
784 
785 		fill_vmmeter(&sum);
786 		fill_vmtotal(&total);
787 		xo_open_container("processes");
788 		xo_emit("{:runnable/%1d} {:waiting/%ld} "
789 		    "{:swapped-out/%ld}", total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw +
790 		    total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
791 		xo_close_container("processes");
792 		xo_open_container("memory");
793 #define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((uintmax_t)(a) * (sum.v_page_size >> 10))
794 #define	rate(x)	(((x) * rate_adj + halfuptime) / uptime)	/* round */
795 		if (hflag) {
796 			xo_emit("");
797 			prthuman("available-memory",
798 			    total.t_avm * (uint64_t)sum.v_page_size, 5);
799 			xo_emit(" ");
800 			prthuman("free-memory",
801 			    total.t_free * (uint64_t)sum.v_page_size, 5);
802 			xo_emit(" ");
803 		} else {
804 			xo_emit(" ");
805 			xo_emit("{:available-memory/%7ju}",
806 			    vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm));
807 			xo_emit(" ");
808 			xo_emit("{:free-memory/%7ju}",
809 			    vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
810 			xo_emit(" ");
811 		}
812 		xo_emit("{:total-page-faults/%5lu} ",
813 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_vm_faults -
814 		    osum.v_vm_faults));
815 		xo_close_container("memory");
816 
817 		xo_open_container("paging-rates");
818 		xo_emit("{:page-reactivated/%3lu} ",
819 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_reactivated -
820 		    osum.v_reactivated));
821 		xo_emit("{:paged-in/%3lu} ",
822 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein -
823 		    (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein)));
824 		xo_emit("{:paged-out/%3lu} ",
825 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout -
826 		    (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout)));
827 		xo_emit("{:freed/%5lu} ",
828 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree));
829 		xo_emit("{:scanned/%4lu} ",
830 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages));
831 		xo_close_container("paging-rates");
832 
833 		devstats();
834 		xo_open_container("fault-rates");
835 		xo_emit("{:interrupts/%4lu} {:system-calls/%5lu} "
836 		    "{:context-switches/%5lu}",
837 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr),
838 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall),
839 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch));
840 		xo_close_container("fault-rates");
841 		if (Pflag)
842 			pcpustats(cpumask, maxid);
843 		else
844 			cpustats();
845 		xo_emit("\n");
846 		xo_flush();
847 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
848 			break;
849 		osum = sum;
850 		uptime = interval;
851 		rate_adj = 1000;
852 		/*
853 		 * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
854 		 * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per millisecond).
855 		 */
856 		if (interval != 1)
857 			halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
858 		else
859 			halfuptime = 0;
860 		(void)usleep(interval * 1000);
861 	}
862 }
863 
864 static void
865 printhdr(int maxid, u_long cpumask)
866 {
867 	int i, num_shown;
868 
869 	num_shown = MIN(num_selected, maxshowdevs);
870 	if (hflag)
871 		xo_emit("{T:procs}  {T:memory}       {T:/page%*s}", 19, "");
872 	else
873 		xo_emit("{T:procs}     {T:memory}        {T:/page%*s}", 19, "");
874 	if (num_shown > 1)
875 		xo_emit(" {T:/disks %*s}", num_shown * 4 - 7, "");
876 	else if (num_shown == 1)
877 		xo_emit("   {T:disks}");
878 	xo_emit("   {T:faults}      ");
879 	if (Pflag) {
880 		for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
881 			if (cpumask & (1ul << i))
882 				xo_emit("  {T:/cpu%d}   ", i);
883 		}
884 		xo_emit("\n");
885 	} else
886 		xo_emit("   {T:cpu}\n");
887 	if (hflag) {
888 		xo_emit("{T:r} {T:b} {T:w}  {T:avm}   {T:fre}   {T:flt}  {T:re}"
889 		    "  {T:pi}  {T:po}    {T:fr}   {T:sr} ");
890 	} else {
891 		xo_emit("{T:r} {T:b} {T:w}     {T:avm}     {T:fre}  {T:flt}  "
892 		    "{T:re}  {T:pi}  {T:po}    {T:fr}   {T:sr} ");
893 	}
894 	for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
895 		if ((dev_select[i].selected) &&
896 		    (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
897 			xo_emit("{T:/%c%c%d} ", dev_select[i].device_name[0],
898 			    dev_select[i].device_name[1],
899 			    dev_select[i].unit_number);
900 	xo_emit("  {T:in}    {T:sy}    {T:cs}");
901 	if (Pflag) {
902 		for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
903 			if (cpumask & (1ul << i))
904 				xo_emit(" {T:us} {T:sy} {T:id}");
905 		}
906 		xo_emit("\n");
907 	} else
908 		xo_emit(" {T:us} {T:sy} {T:id}\n");
909 	if (wresized != 0)
910 		doresize();
911 	hdrcnt = winlines;
912 }
913 
914 /*
915  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
916  */
917 static void
918 needhdr(int dummy __unused)
919 {
920 
921 	hdrcnt = 1;
922 }
923 
924 /*
925  * When the terminal is resized, force an update of the maximum number of rows
926  * printed between each header repetition.  Then force a new header to be
927  * prepended to the next output.
928  */
929 void
930 needresize(int signo __unused)
931 {
932 
933 	wresized = 1;
934 	hdrcnt = 1;
935 }
936 
937 /*
938  * Update the global `winlines' count of terminal rows.
939  */
940 void
941 doresize(void)
942 {
943 	struct winsize w;
944 	int status;
945 
946 	for (;;) {
947 		status = ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
948 		if (status == -1 && errno == EINTR)
949 			continue;
950 		else if (status == -1)
951 			xo_err(1, "ioctl");
952 		if (w.ws_row > 3)
953 			winlines = w.ws_row - 3;
954 		else
955 			winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES;
956 		break;
957 	}
958 
959 	/*
960 	 * Inhibit doresize() calls until we are rescheduled by SIGWINCH.
961 	 */
962 	wresized = 0;
963 }
964 
965 #ifdef notyet
966 static void
967 dotimes(void)
968 {
969 	unsigned int pgintime, rectime;
970 
971 	kread(X_REC, &rectime, sizeof(rectime));
972 	kread(X_PGIN, &pgintime, sizeof(pgintime));
973 	kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum));
974 	xo_emit("{:page-reclaims/%u} {N:reclaims}, "
975 	    "{:reclaim-time/%u} {N:total time (usec)}\n",
976 	    sum.v_pgrec, rectime);
977 	xo_emit("{L:average}: {:reclaim-average/%u} {N:usec \\/ reclaim}\n",
978 	    rectime / sum.v_pgrec);
979 	xo_emit("\n");
980 	xo_emit("{:page-ins/%u} {N:page ins}, "
981 	    "{:page-in-time/%u} {N:total time (msec)}\n",
982 	    sum.v_pgin, pgintime / 10);
983 	xo_emit("{L:average}: {:average/%8.1f} {N:msec \\/ page in}\n",
984 	    pgintime / (sum.v_pgin * 10.0));
985 }
986 #endif
987 
988 static long
989 pct(long top, long bot)
990 {
991 	long ans;
992 
993 	if (bot == 0)
994 		return(0);
995 	ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
996 	return (ans);
997 }
998 
999 #define	PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
1000 
1001 static void
1002 dosum(void)
1003 {
1004 	struct nchstats lnchstats;
1005 	size_t size;
1006 	long nchtotal;
1007 
1008 	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
1009 	xo_open_container("summary-statistics");
1010 	xo_emit("{:context-switches/%9u} {N:cpu context switches}\n",
1011 	    sum.v_swtch);
1012 	xo_emit("{:interrupts/%9u} {N:device interrupts}\n",
1013 	    sum.v_intr);
1014 	xo_emit("{:software-interrupts/%9u} {N:software interrupts}\n",
1015 	    sum.v_soft);
1016 	xo_emit("{:traps/%9u} {N:traps}\n", sum.v_trap);
1017 	xo_emit("{:system-calls/%9u} {N:system calls}\n",
1018 	    sum.v_syscall);
1019 	xo_emit("{:kernel-threads/%9u} {N:kernel threads created}\n",
1020 	    sum.v_kthreads);
1021 	xo_emit("{:forks/%9u} {N: fork() calls}\n", sum.v_forks);
1022 	xo_emit("{:vforks/%9u} {N:vfork() calls}\n",
1023 	    sum.v_vforks);
1024 	xo_emit("{:rforks/%9u} {N:rfork() calls}\n",
1025 	    sum.v_rforks);
1026 	xo_emit("{:swap-ins/%9u} {N:swap pager pageins}\n",
1027 	    sum.v_swapin);
1028 	xo_emit("{:swap-in-pages/%9u} {N:swap pager pages paged in}\n",
1029 	    sum.v_swappgsin);
1030 	xo_emit("{:swap-outs/%9u} {N:swap pager pageouts}\n",
1031 	    sum.v_swapout);
1032 	xo_emit("{:swap-out-pages/%9u} {N:swap pager pages paged out}\n",
1033 	    sum.v_swappgsout);
1034 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-ins/%9u} {N:vnode pager pageins}\n",
1035 	    sum.v_vnodein);
1036 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-in-pages/%9u} {N:vnode pager pages paged in}\n",
1037 	    sum.v_vnodepgsin);
1038 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-outs/%9u} {N:vnode pager pageouts}\n",
1039 	    sum.v_vnodeout);
1040 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-out-pages/%9u} {N:vnode pager pages paged out}\n",
1041 	    sum.v_vnodepgsout);
1042 	xo_emit("{:page-daemon-wakeups/%9u} {N:page daemon wakeups}\n",
1043 	    sum.v_pdwakeups);
1044 	xo_emit("{:page-daemon-pages/%9u} {N:pages examined by the page "
1045 	    "daemon}\n", sum.v_pdpages);
1046 	xo_emit("{:page-reclamation-shortfalls/%9u} {N:clean page reclamation "
1047 	    "shortfalls}\n", sum.v_pdshortfalls);
1048 	xo_emit("{:reactivated/%9u} {N:pages reactivated by the page daemon}\n",
1049 	    sum.v_reactivated);
1050 	xo_emit("{:copy-on-write-faults/%9u} {N:copy-on-write faults}\n",
1051 	    sum.v_cow_faults);
1052 	xo_emit("{:copy-on-write-optimized-faults/%9u} {N:copy-on-write "
1053 	    "optimized faults}\n", sum.v_cow_optim);
1054 	xo_emit("{:zero-fill-pages/%9u} {N:zero fill pages zeroed}\n",
1055 	    sum.v_zfod);
1056 	xo_emit("{:zero-fill-prezeroed/%9u} {N:zero fill pages prezeroed}\n",
1057 	    sum.v_ozfod);
1058 	xo_emit("{:intransit-blocking/%9u} {N:intransit blocking page faults}\n",
1059 	    sum.v_intrans);
1060 	xo_emit("{:total-faults/%9u} {N:total VM faults taken}\n",
1061 	    sum.v_vm_faults);
1062 	xo_emit("{:faults-requiring-io/%9u} {N:page faults requiring I\\/O}\n",
1063 	    sum.v_io_faults);
1064 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-thread-creation/%9u} {N:pages affected by "
1065 	    "kernel thread creation}\n", sum.v_kthreadpages);
1066 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-fork/%9u} {N:pages affected by  fork}()\n",
1067 	    sum.v_forkpages);
1068 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-vfork/%9u} {N:pages affected by vfork}()\n",
1069 	    sum.v_vforkpages);
1070 	xo_emit("{:pages-rfork/%9u} {N:pages affected by rfork}()\n",
1071 	    sum.v_rforkpages);
1072 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed/%9u} {N:pages freed}\n",
1073 	    sum.v_tfree);
1074 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed-by-daemon/%9u} {N:pages freed by daemon}\n",
1075 	    sum.v_dfree);
1076 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed-on-exit/%9u} {N:pages freed by exiting processes}\n",
1077 	    sum.v_pfree);
1078 	xo_emit("{:active-pages/%9u} {N:pages active}\n",
1079 	    sum.v_active_count);
1080 	xo_emit("{:inactive-pages/%9u} {N:pages inactive}\n",
1081 	    sum.v_inactive_count);
1082 	xo_emit("{:laundry-pages/%9u} {N:pages in the laundry queue}\n",
1083 	    sum.v_laundry_count);
1084 	xo_emit("{:wired-pages/%9u} {N:pages wired down}\n",
1085 	    sum.v_wire_count);
1086 	xo_emit("{:free-pages/%9u} {N:pages free}\n",
1087 	    sum.v_free_count);
1088 	xo_emit("{:bytes-per-page/%9u} {N:bytes per page}\n", sum.v_page_size);
1089 	if (kd != NULL) {
1090 		kread(X_NCHSTATS, &lnchstats, sizeof(lnchstats));
1091 	} else {
1092 		size = sizeof(lnchstats);
1093 		mysysctl("vfs.cache.nchstats", &lnchstats, &size);
1094 		if (size != sizeof(lnchstats))
1095 			xo_errx(1, "vfs.cache.nchstats size mismatch");
1096 	}
1097 	nchtotal = lnchstats.ncs_goodhits + lnchstats.ncs_neghits +
1098 	    lnchstats.ncs_badhits + lnchstats.ncs_falsehits +
1099 	    lnchstats.ncs_miss + lnchstats.ncs_long;
1100 	xo_emit("{:total-name-lookups/%9ld} {N:total name lookups}\n",
1101 	    nchtotal);
1102 	xo_emit("{P:/%9s} {N:cache hits} "
1103 	    "({:positive-cache-hits/%ld}% pos + "
1104 	    "{:negative-cache-hits/%ld}% {N:neg}) "
1105 	    "system {:cache-hit-percent/%ld}% per-directory\n",
1106 	    "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
1107 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
1108 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
1109 	xo_emit("{P:/%9s} {L:deletions} {:deletions/%ld}%, "
1110 	    "{L:falsehits} {:false-hits/%ld}%, "
1111 	    "{L:toolong} {:too-long/%ld}%\n", "",
1112 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
1113 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
1114 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
1115 	xo_close_container("summary-statistics");
1116 }
1117 
1118 static void
1119 doforkst(void)
1120 {
1121 
1122 	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
1123 	xo_open_container("fork-statistics");
1124 	xo_emit("{:fork/%u} {N:forks}, {:fork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1125 	    "{L:average} {:fork-average/%.2f}\n",
1126 	    sum.v_forks, sum.v_forkpages,
1127 	    sum.v_forks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1128 	    (double)sum.v_forkpages / sum.v_forks);
1129 	xo_emit("{:vfork/%u} {N:vforks}, {:vfork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1130 	    "{L:average} {:vfork-average/%.2f}\n",
1131 	    sum.v_vforks, sum.v_vforkpages,
1132 	    sum.v_vforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1133 	    (double)sum.v_vforkpages / sum.v_vforks);
1134 	xo_emit("{:rfork/%u} {N:rforks}, {:rfork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1135 	    "{L:average} {:rfork-average/%.2f}\n",
1136 	    sum.v_rforks, sum.v_rforkpages,
1137 	    sum.v_rforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1138 	    (double)sum.v_rforkpages / sum.v_rforks);
1139 	xo_close_container("fork-statistics");
1140 }
1141 
1142 static void
1143 devstats(void)
1144 {
1145 	long double busy_seconds, transfers_per_second;
1146 	long tmp;
1147 	int di, dn, state;
1148 
1149 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
1150 		tmp = cur.cp_time[state];
1151 		cur.cp_time[state] -= last.cp_time[state];
1152 		last.cp_time[state] = tmp;
1153 	}
1154 
1155 	busy_seconds = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time;
1156 
1157 	xo_open_list("device");
1158 	for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
1159 		if (dev_select[dn].selected == 0 ||
1160 		    dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs)
1161 			continue;
1162 
1163 		di = dev_select[dn].position;
1164 
1165 		if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
1166 		    &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
1167 		    DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
1168 		    DSM_NONE) != 0)
1169 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
1170 
1171 		xo_open_instance("device");
1172 		xo_emit("{ekq:name/%c%c%d}{:transfers/%3.0Lf} ",
1173 		    dev_select[dn].device_name[0],
1174 		    dev_select[dn].device_name[1],
1175 		    dev_select[dn].unit_number,
1176 		    transfers_per_second);
1177 		xo_close_instance("device");
1178 	}
1179 	xo_close_list("device");
1180 }
1181 
1182 static void
1183 percent(const char *name, double pctv, int *over)
1184 {
1185 	int l;
1186 	char buf[10];
1187 	char fmt[128];
1188 
1189 	snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), " {:%s/%%*s}", name);
1190 	l = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.0f", pctv);
1191 	if (l == 1 && *over) {
1192 		xo_emit(fmt, 1, buf);
1193 		(*over)--;
1194 	} else
1195 		xo_emit(fmt, 2, buf);
1196 	if (l > 2)
1197 		(*over)++;
1198 }
1199 
1200 static void
1201 cpustats(void)
1202 {
1203 	double lpct, total;
1204 	int state, over;
1205 
1206 	total = 0;
1207 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
1208 		total += cur.cp_time[state];
1209 	if (total)
1210 		lpct = 100.0 / total;
1211 	else
1212 		lpct = 0.0;
1213 	over = 0;
1214 	xo_open_container("cpu-statistics");
1215 	percent("user", (cur.cp_time[CP_USER] + cur.cp_time[CP_NICE]) * lpct,
1216 	    &over);
1217 	percent("system", (cur.cp_time[CP_SYS] + cur.cp_time[CP_INTR]) * lpct,
1218 	    &over);
1219 	percent("idle", cur.cp_time[CP_IDLE] * lpct, &over);
1220 	xo_close_container("cpu-statistics");
1221 }
1222 
1223 static void
1224 pcpustats(u_long cpumask, int maxid)
1225 {
1226 	double lpct, total;
1227 	long tmp;
1228 	int i, over, state;
1229 
1230 	/* devstats does this for cp_time */
1231 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
1232 		if ((cpumask & (1ul << i)) == 0)
1233 			continue;
1234 		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
1235 			tmp = cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1236 			cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] -= last_cp_times[i *
1237 			    CPUSTATES + state];
1238 			last_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] = tmp;
1239 		}
1240 	}
1241 
1242 	over = 0;
1243 	xo_open_list("cpu");
1244 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
1245 		if ((cpumask & (1ul << i)) == 0)
1246 			continue;
1247 		xo_open_instance("cpu");
1248 		xo_emit("{ke:name/%d}", i);
1249 		total = 0;
1250 		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
1251 			total += cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1252 		if (total)
1253 			lpct = 100.0 / total;
1254 		else
1255 			lpct = 0.0;
1256 		percent("user", (cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER] +
1257 		    cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE]) * lpct, &over);
1258 		percent("system", (cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS] +
1259 		    cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR]) * lpct, &over);
1260 		percent("idle", cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE] * lpct,
1261 		    &over);
1262 		xo_close_instance("cpu");
1263 	}
1264 	xo_close_list("cpu");
1265 }
1266 
1267 static unsigned int
1268 read_intrcnts(unsigned long **intrcnts)
1269 {
1270 	size_t intrcntlen;
1271 
1272 	if (kd != NULL) {
1273 		kread(X_SINTRCNT, &intrcntlen, sizeof(intrcntlen));
1274 		if ((*intrcnts = malloc(intrcntlen)) == NULL)
1275 			err(1, "malloc()");
1276 		kread(X_INTRCNT, *intrcnts, intrcntlen);
1277 	} else {
1278 		for (*intrcnts = NULL, intrcntlen = 1024; ; intrcntlen *= 2) {
1279 			*intrcnts = reallocf(*intrcnts, intrcntlen);
1280 			if (*intrcnts == NULL)
1281 				err(1, "reallocf()");
1282 			if (mysysctl("hw.intrcnt", *intrcnts, &intrcntlen) == 0)
1283 				break;
1284 		}
1285 	}
1286 
1287 	return (intrcntlen / sizeof(unsigned long));
1288 }
1289 
1290 static void
1291 print_intrcnts(unsigned long *intrcnts, unsigned long *old_intrcnts,
1292     char *intrnames, unsigned int nintr, size_t istrnamlen, long long period_ms)
1293 {
1294 	unsigned long *intrcnt, *old_intrcnt;
1295 	char *intrname;
1296 	uint64_t inttotal, old_inttotal, total_count, total_rate;
1297 	unsigned long count, rate;
1298 	unsigned int i;
1299 
1300 	inttotal = 0;
1301 	old_inttotal = 0;
1302 	intrname = intrnames;
1303 	xo_open_list("interrupt");
1304 	for (i = 0, intrcnt=intrcnts, old_intrcnt=old_intrcnts; i < nintr; i++) {
1305 		if (intrname[0] != '\0' && (*intrcnt != 0 || aflag)) {
1306 			count = *intrcnt - *old_intrcnt;
1307 			rate = ((uint64_t)count * 1000 + period_ms / 2) / period_ms;
1308 			xo_open_instance("interrupt");
1309 			xo_emit("{d:name/%-*s}{ket:name/%s} "
1310 			    "{:total/%20lu} {:rate/%10lu}\n",
1311 			    (int)istrnamlen, intrname, intrname, count, rate);
1312 			xo_close_instance("interrupt");
1313 		}
1314 		intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
1315 		inttotal += *intrcnt++;
1316 		old_inttotal += *old_intrcnt++;
1317 	}
1318 	total_count = inttotal - old_inttotal;
1319 	total_rate = (total_count * 1000 + period_ms / 2) / period_ms;
1320 	xo_close_list("interrupt");
1321 	xo_emit("{L:/%-*s} {:total-interrupts/%20ju} "
1322 	    "{:total-rate/%10ju}\n", (int)istrnamlen,
1323 	    "Total", (uintmax_t)total_count, (uintmax_t)total_rate);
1324 }
1325 
1326 static void
1327 dointr(unsigned int interval, int reps)
1328 {
1329 	unsigned long *intrcnts, *old_intrcnts;
1330 	char *intrname, *intrnames;
1331 	long long period_ms, old_uptime, uptime;
1332 	size_t clen, inamlen, istrnamlen;
1333 	unsigned int nintr;
1334 
1335 	old_intrcnts = NULL;
1336 	uptime = getuptime();
1337 
1338 	/* Get the names of each interrupt source */
1339 	if (kd != NULL) {
1340 		kread(X_SINTRNAMES, &inamlen, sizeof(inamlen));
1341 		if ((intrnames = malloc(inamlen)) == NULL)
1342 			xo_err(1, "malloc()");
1343 		kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrnames, inamlen);
1344 	} else {
1345 		for (intrnames = NULL, inamlen = 1024; ; inamlen *= 2) {
1346 			if ((intrnames = reallocf(intrnames, inamlen)) == NULL)
1347 				xo_err(1, "reallocf()");
1348 			if (mysysctl("hw.intrnames", intrnames, &inamlen) == 0)
1349 				break;
1350 		}
1351 	}
1352 
1353 	/* Determine the length of the longest interrupt name */
1354 	intrname = intrnames;
1355 	istrnamlen = strlen("interrupt");
1356 	while(*intrname != '\0') {
1357 		clen = strlen(intrname);
1358 		if (clen > istrnamlen)
1359 			istrnamlen = clen;
1360 		intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
1361 	}
1362 	xo_emit("{T:/%-*s} {T:/%20s} {T:/%10s}\n",
1363 	    (int)istrnamlen, "interrupt", "total", "rate");
1364 
1365 	/*
1366 	 * Loop reps times printing differential interrupt counts.  If reps is
1367 	 * zero, then run just once, printing total counts
1368 	 */
1369 	xo_open_container("interrupt-statistics");
1370 
1371 	period_ms = uptime / 1000000;
1372 	while(1) {
1373 		nintr = read_intrcnts(&intrcnts);
1374 		/*
1375 		 * Initialize old_intrcnts to 0 for the first pass, so
1376 		 * print_intrcnts will print total interrupts since boot
1377 		 */
1378 		if (old_intrcnts == NULL) {
1379 			old_intrcnts = calloc(nintr, sizeof(unsigned long));
1380 			if (old_intrcnts == NULL)
1381 				xo_err(1, "calloc()");
1382 		}
1383 
1384 		print_intrcnts(intrcnts, old_intrcnts, intrnames, nintr,
1385 		    istrnamlen, period_ms);
1386 		xo_flush();
1387 
1388 		free(old_intrcnts);
1389 		old_intrcnts = intrcnts;
1390 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
1391 			break;
1392 		usleep(interval * 1000);
1393 		old_uptime = uptime;
1394 		uptime = getuptime();
1395 		period_ms = (uptime - old_uptime) / 1000000;
1396 	}
1397 
1398 	xo_close_container("interrupt-statistics");
1399 }
1400 
1401 static void
1402 domemstat_malloc(void)
1403 {
1404 	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1405 	struct memory_type *mtp;
1406 	int error, first, i;
1407 
1408 	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1409 	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1410 		xo_warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1411 		return;
1412 	}
1413 	if (kd == NULL) {
1414 		if (memstat_sysctl_malloc(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1415 			xo_warnx("memstat_sysctl_malloc: %s",
1416 			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1417 			return;
1418 		}
1419 	} else {
1420 		if (memstat_kvm_malloc(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1421 			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1422 			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1423 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1424 				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1425 			else
1426 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1427 				    memstat_strerror(error));
1428 		}
1429 	}
1430 	xo_open_container("malloc-statistics");
1431 	xo_emit("{T:/%13s} {T:/%5s} {T:/%6s} {T:/%7s} {T:/%8s}  {T:Size(s)}\n",
1432 	    "Type", "InUse", "MemUse", "HighUse", "Requests");
1433 	xo_open_list("memory");
1434 	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1435 	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1436 		if (memstat_get_numallocs(mtp) == 0 &&
1437 		    memstat_get_count(mtp) == 0)
1438 			continue;
1439 		xo_open_instance("memory");
1440 		xo_emit("{k:type/%13s/%s} {:in-use/%5ju} "
1441 		    "{:memory-use/%5ju}{U:K} {:high-use/%7s} "
1442 		    "{:requests/%8ju}  ",
1443 		    memstat_get_name(mtp), (uintmax_t)memstat_get_count(mtp),
1444 		    ((uintmax_t)memstat_get_bytes(mtp) + 1023) / 1024, "-",
1445 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_numallocs(mtp));
1446 		first = 1;
1447 		xo_open_list("size");
1448 		for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
1449 			if (memstat_get_sizemask(mtp) & (1 << i)) {
1450 				if (!first)
1451 					xo_emit(",");
1452 				xo_emit("{l:size/%d}", 1 << (i + 4));
1453 				first = 0;
1454 			}
1455 		}
1456 		xo_close_list("size");
1457 		xo_close_instance("memory");
1458 		xo_emit("\n");
1459 	}
1460 	xo_close_list("memory");
1461 	xo_close_container("malloc-statistics");
1462 	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1463 }
1464 
1465 static void
1466 domemstat_zone(void)
1467 {
1468 	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1469 	struct memory_type *mtp;
1470 	int error;
1471 	char name[MEMTYPE_MAXNAME + 1];
1472 
1473 	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1474 	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1475 		xo_warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1476 		return;
1477 	}
1478 	if (kd == NULL) {
1479 		if (memstat_sysctl_uma(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1480 			xo_warnx("memstat_sysctl_uma: %s",
1481 			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1482 			return;
1483 		}
1484 	} else {
1485 		if (memstat_kvm_uma(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1486 			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1487 			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1488 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1489 				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1490 			else
1491 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1492 				    memstat_strerror(error));
1493 		}
1494 	}
1495 	xo_open_container("memory-zone-statistics");
1496 	xo_emit("{T:/%-20s} {T:/%6s} {T:/%6s} {T:/%8s} {T:/%8s} {T:/%8s} "
1497 	    "{T:/%4s} {T:/%4s}\n\n", "ITEM", "SIZE",
1498 	    "LIMIT", "USED", "FREE", "REQ", "FAIL", "SLEEP");
1499 	xo_open_list("zone");
1500 	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1501 	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1502 		strlcpy(name, memstat_get_name(mtp), MEMTYPE_MAXNAME);
1503 		strcat(name, ":");
1504 		xo_open_instance("zone");
1505 		xo_emit("{d:name/%-20s}{ke:name/%s} {:size/%6ju}, "
1506 		    "{:limit/%6ju},{:used/%8ju},"
1507 		    "{:free/%8ju},{:requests/%8ju},"
1508 		    "{:fail/%4ju},{:sleep/%4ju}\n", name,
1509 		    memstat_get_name(mtp),
1510 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_size(mtp),
1511 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_countlimit(mtp),
1512 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_count(mtp),
1513 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_free(mtp),
1514 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_numallocs(mtp),
1515 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_failures(mtp),
1516 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_sleeps(mtp));
1517 		xo_close_instance("zone");
1518 	}
1519 	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1520 	xo_close_list("zone");
1521 	xo_close_container("memory-zone-statistics");
1522 	xo_emit("\n");
1523 }
1524 
1525 static void
1526 display_object(struct kinfo_vmobject *kvo)
1527 {
1528 	const char *str;
1529 
1530 	xo_open_instance("object");
1531 	xo_emit("{:resident/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_resident);
1532 	xo_emit("{:active/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_active);
1533 	xo_emit("{:inactive/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_inactive);
1534 	xo_emit("{:refcount/%3d} ", kvo->kvo_ref_count);
1535 	xo_emit("{:shadowcount/%3d} ", kvo->kvo_shadow_count);
1536 	switch (kvo->kvo_memattr) {
1537 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE
1538 	case VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE:
1539 		str = "UC";
1540 		break;
1541 #endif
1542 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_COMBINING
1543 	case VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_COMBINING:
1544 		str = "WC";
1545 		break;
1546 #endif
1547 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_THROUGH
1548 	case VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_THROUGH:
1549 		str = "WT";
1550 		break;
1551 #endif
1552 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_PROTECTED
1553 	case VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_PROTECTED:
1554 		str = "WP";
1555 		break;
1556 #endif
1557 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_BACK
1558 	case VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_BACK:
1559 		str = "WB";
1560 		break;
1561 #endif
1562 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WEAK_UNCACHEABLE
1563 	case VM_MEMATTR_WEAK_UNCACHEABLE:
1564 		str = "UC-";
1565 		break;
1566 #endif
1567 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WB_WA
1568 	case VM_MEMATTR_WB_WA:
1569 		str = "WB";
1570 		break;
1571 #endif
1572 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_NOCACHE
1573 	case VM_MEMATTR_NOCACHE:
1574 		str = "NC";
1575 		break;
1576 #endif
1577 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE
1578 	case VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE:
1579 		str = "DEV";
1580 		break;
1581 #endif
1582 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_CACHEABLE
1583 	case VM_MEMATTR_CACHEABLE:
1584 		str = "C";
1585 		break;
1586 #endif
1587 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_PREFETCHABLE
1588 	case VM_MEMATTR_PREFETCHABLE:
1589 		str = "PRE";
1590 		break;
1591 #endif
1592 	default:
1593 		str = "??";
1594 		break;
1595 	}
1596 	xo_emit("{:attribute/%-3s} ", str);
1597 	switch (kvo->kvo_type) {
1598 	case KVME_TYPE_NONE:
1599 		str = "--";
1600 		break;
1601 	case KVME_TYPE_DEFAULT:
1602 		str = "df";
1603 		break;
1604 	case KVME_TYPE_VNODE:
1605 		str = "vn";
1606 		break;
1607 	case KVME_TYPE_SWAP:
1608 		str = "sw";
1609 		break;
1610 	case KVME_TYPE_DEVICE:
1611 		str = "dv";
1612 		break;
1613 	case KVME_TYPE_PHYS:
1614 		str = "ph";
1615 		break;
1616 	case KVME_TYPE_DEAD:
1617 		str = "dd";
1618 		break;
1619 	case KVME_TYPE_SG:
1620 		str = "sg";
1621 		break;
1622 	case KVME_TYPE_MGTDEVICE:
1623 		str = "md";
1624 		break;
1625 	case KVME_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
1626 	default:
1627 		str = "??";
1628 		break;
1629 	}
1630 	xo_emit("{:type/%-2s} ", str);
1631 	xo_emit("{:path/%-s}\n", kvo->kvo_path);
1632 	xo_close_instance("object");
1633 }
1634 
1635 static void
1636 doobjstat(void)
1637 {
1638 	struct kinfo_vmobject *kvo;
1639 	int cnt, i;
1640 
1641 	kvo = kinfo_getvmobject(&cnt);
1642 	if (kvo == NULL) {
1643 		xo_warn("Failed to fetch VM object list");
1644 		return;
1645 	}
1646 	xo_emit("{T:RES/%5s} {T:ACT/%5s} {T:INACT/%5s} {T:REF/%3s} {T:SHD/%3s} "
1647 	    "{T:CM/%3s} {T:TP/%2s} {T:PATH/%s}\n");
1648 	xo_open_list("object");
1649 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
1650 		display_object(&kvo[i]);
1651 	free(kvo);
1652 	xo_close_list("object");
1653 }
1654 
1655 /*
1656  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
1657  */
1658 static void
1659 kreado(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size, size_t offset)
1660 {
1661 	const char *sym;
1662 
1663 	if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
1664 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1665 		if (*sym == '_')
1666 			++sym;
1667 		xo_errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
1668 	}
1669 	if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value + offset, addr,
1670 	    size) != size) {
1671 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1672 		if (*sym == '_')
1673 			++sym;
1674 		xo_errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
1675 	}
1676 }
1677 
1678 static void
1679 kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
1680 {
1681 
1682 	kreado(nlx, addr, size, 0);
1683 }
1684 
1685 static void
1686 usage(void)
1687 {
1688 	xo_error("%s%s",
1689 	    "usage: vmstat [-afHhimoPsz] [-M core [-N system]] [-c count] [-n devs]\n",
1690 	    "              [-p type,if,pass] [-w wait] [disks] [wait [count]]\n");
1691 	xo_finish();
1692 	exit(1);
1693 }
1694