xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c (revision eacee0ff7ec955b32e09515246bd97b6edcd2b0f)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 
36 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
37 
38 #ifndef lint
39 static const char copyright[] =
40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993\n\
41 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
42 #endif
43 
44 #ifndef lint
45 static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)vmstat.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
46 #endif
47 
48 #include <sys/param.h>
49 #include <sys/time.h>
50 #include <sys/proc.h>
51 #include <sys/dkstat.h>
52 #include <sys/uio.h>
53 #include <sys/namei.h>
54 #include <sys/malloc.h>
55 #include <sys/signal.h>
56 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
57 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
58 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
59 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
60 
61 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
62 
63 #include <ctype.h>
64 #include <devstat.h>
65 #include <err.h>
66 #include <errno.h>
67 #include <kvm.h>
68 #include <limits.h>
69 #include <nlist.h>
70 #include <paths.h>
71 #include <stdio.h>
72 #include <stdlib.h>
73 #include <string.h>
74 #include <sysexits.h>
75 #include <time.h>
76 #include <unistd.h>
77 
78 static char da[] = "da";
79 
80 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
81 #define	X_CPTIME	0
82 	{ "_cp_time" },
83 #define X_SUM		1
84 	{ "_cnt" },
85 #define	X_BOOTTIME	2
86 	{ "_boottime" },
87 #define X_HZ		3
88 	{ "_hz" },
89 #define X_STATHZ	4
90 	{ "_stathz" },
91 #define X_NCHSTATS	5
92 	{ "_nchstats" },
93 #define	X_INTRNAMES	6
94 	{ "_intrnames" },
95 #define	X_EINTRNAMES	7
96 	{ "_eintrnames" },
97 #define	X_INTRCNT	8
98 	{ "_intrcnt" },
99 #define	X_EINTRCNT	9
100 	{ "_eintrcnt" },
101 #define	X_KMEMSTATISTICS	10
102 	{ "_kmemstatistics" },
103 #define	X_KMEMBUCKETS	11
104 	{ "_bucket" },
105 #define	X_ZLIST		12
106 	{ "_zlist" },
107 #ifdef notyet
108 #define	X_DEFICIT	13
109 	{ "_deficit" },
110 #define	X_FORKSTAT	14
111 	{ "_forkstat" },
112 #define X_REC		15
113 	{ "_rectime" },
114 #define X_PGIN		16
115 	{ "_pgintime" },
116 #define	X_XSTATS	17
117 	{ "_xstats" },
118 #define X_END		18
119 #else
120 #define X_END		13
121 #endif
122 	{ "" },
123 };
124 
125 struct statinfo cur, last;
126 int num_devices, maxshowdevs;
127 long generation;
128 struct device_selection *dev_select;
129 int num_selected;
130 struct devstat_match *matches;
131 int num_matches = 0;
132 int num_devices_specified, num_selections;
133 long select_generation;
134 char **specified_devices;
135 devstat_select_mode select_mode;
136 
137 struct	vmmeter sum, osum;
138 
139 int	winlines = 20;
140 int	nflag = 0;
141 
142 kvm_t *kd;
143 
144 #define	FORKSTAT	0x01
145 #define	INTRSTAT	0x02
146 #define	MEMSTAT		0x04
147 #define	SUMSTAT		0x08
148 #define	TIMESTAT	0x10
149 #define	VMSTAT		0x20
150 #define ZMEMSTAT	0x40
151 
152 static void	cpustats __P((void));
153 static void	devstats __P((void));
154 static void	domem __P((void));
155 static void	dointr __P((void));
156 static void	dosum __P((void));
157 static void	dovmstat __P((u_int, int));
158 static void	dozmem __P((void));
159 static void	kread __P((int, void *, size_t));
160 static void	needhdr __P((int));
161 static void	printhdr __P((void));
162 static void	usage __P((void));
163 
164 static long	pct __P((long, long));
165 static long	getuptime __P((void));
166 
167 char **getdrivedata __P((char **));
168 
169 int
170 main(argc, argv)
171 	int argc;
172 	char **argv;
173 {
174 	int c, todo;
175 	u_int interval;
176 	int reps;
177 	char *memf, *nlistf;
178 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
179 
180 	memf = nlistf = NULL;
181 	interval = reps = todo = 0;
182 	maxshowdevs = 2;
183 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:fiM:mN:n:p:stw:z")) != -1) {
184 		switch (c) {
185 		case 'c':
186 			reps = atoi(optarg);
187 			break;
188 		case 'f':
189 			errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -f is not (re)implemented yet");
190 			break;
191 		case 'i':
192 			todo |= INTRSTAT;
193 			break;
194 		case 'M':
195 			memf = optarg;
196 			break;
197 		case 'm':
198 			todo |= MEMSTAT;
199 			break;
200 		case 'N':
201 			nlistf = optarg;
202 			break;
203 		case 'n':
204 			nflag = 1;
205 			maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
206 			if (maxshowdevs < 0)
207 				errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
208 				     maxshowdevs);
209 			break;
210 		case 'p':
211 			if (buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
212 				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
213 			break;
214 		case 's':
215 			todo |= SUMSTAT;
216 			break;
217 		case 't':
218 #ifdef notyet
219 			todo |= TIMESTAT;
220 #else
221 			errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet");
222 #endif
223 			break;
224 		case 'w':
225 			interval = atoi(optarg);
226 			break;
227 		case 'z':
228 			todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
229 			break;
230 		case '?':
231 		default:
232 			usage();
233 		}
234 	}
235 	argc -= optind;
236 	argv += optind;
237 
238 	if (todo == 0)
239 		todo = VMSTAT;
240 
241 	/*
242 	 * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
243 	 * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
244 	 */
245 	if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL)
246 		setgid(getgid());
247 
248 	kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
249 	if (kd == 0)
250 		errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
251 	setgid(getgid());
252 
253 	if ((c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
254 		if (c > 0) {
255 			warnx("undefined symbols:");
256 			for (c = 0;
257 			    c < (int)(sizeof(namelist)/sizeof(namelist[0]));
258 			    c++)
259 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
260 					(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s",
261 					    namelist[c].n_name);
262 			(void)fputc('\n', stderr);
263 		} else
264 			warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
265 		exit(1);
266 	}
267 
268 	if (todo & VMSTAT) {
269 		struct winsize winsize;
270 
271 		/*
272 		 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
273 		 * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
274 		 * message informing the user of his mistake.
275 		 */
276 		if (checkversion() < 0)
277 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
278 
279 
280 		argv = getdrivedata(argv);
281 		winsize.ws_row = 0;
282 		(void) ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&winsize);
283 		if (winsize.ws_row > 0)
284 			winlines = winsize.ws_row;
285 
286 	}
287 
288 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
289 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
290 	if (*argv) {
291 		interval = atoi(*argv);
292 		if (*++argv)
293 			reps = atoi(*argv);
294 	}
295 #endif
296 
297 	if (interval) {
298 		if (!reps)
299 			reps = -1;
300 	} else if (reps)
301 		interval = 1;
302 
303 #ifdef notyet
304 	if (todo & FORKSTAT)
305 		doforkst();
306 #endif
307 	if (todo & MEMSTAT)
308 		domem();
309 	if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
310 		dozmem();
311 	if (todo & SUMSTAT)
312 		dosum();
313 #ifdef notyet
314 	if (todo & TIMESTAT)
315 		dotimes();
316 #endif
317 	if (todo & INTRSTAT)
318 		dointr();
319 	if (todo & VMSTAT)
320 		dovmstat(interval, reps);
321 	exit(0);
322 }
323 
324 char **
325 getdrivedata(argv)
326 	char **argv;
327 {
328 	if ((num_devices = getnumdevs()) < 0)
329 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
330 
331 	cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
332 	last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
333 	bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
334 	bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
335 
336 	if (getdevs(&cur) == -1)
337 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
338 
339 	num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
340 	generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
341 
342 	specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
343 	for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
344 		if (isdigit(**argv))
345 			break;
346 		num_devices_specified++;
347 		specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
348 						     sizeof(char *) *
349 						     num_devices_specified);
350 		specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
351 	}
352 	dev_select = NULL;
353 
354 	if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
355 			maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
356 
357 	/*
358 	 * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
359 	 * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
360 	 * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
361 	 * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
362 	 * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
363 	 * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
364 	 * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
365 	 * those devices.
366 	 */
367 	if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
368 		if (buildmatch(da, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
369 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
370 
371 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
372 	} else
373 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
374 
375 	/*
376 	 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
377 	 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
378 	 * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
379 	 */
380 	if (selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
381 		       &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
382 		       num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
383 		       num_devices_specified, select_mode,
384 		       maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
385 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
386 
387 	return(argv);
388 }
389 
390 long
391 getuptime()
392 {
393 	static time_t now, boottime;
394 	time_t uptime;
395 
396 	if (boottime == 0)
397 		kread(X_BOOTTIME, &boottime, sizeof(boottime));
398 	(void)time(&now);
399 	uptime = now - boottime;
400 	if (uptime <= 0 || uptime > 60*60*24*365*10)
401 		errx(1, "time makes no sense; namelist must be wrong");
402 	return(uptime);
403 }
404 
405 int	hz, hdrcnt;
406 
407 void
408 dovmstat(interval, reps)
409 	u_int interval;
410 	int reps;
411 {
412 	struct vmtotal total;
413 	time_t uptime, halfuptime;
414 	struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
415 	int mib[2];
416 	size_t size;
417 
418 	uptime = getuptime();
419 	halfuptime = uptime / 2;
420 	(void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
421 
422 	if (namelist[X_STATHZ].n_type != 0 && namelist[X_STATHZ].n_value != 0)
423 		kread(X_STATHZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
424 	if (!hz)
425 		kread(X_HZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
426 
427 	for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
428 		if (!--hdrcnt)
429 			printhdr();
430 		kread(X_CPTIME, cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time));
431 
432 		tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
433 		last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
434 		cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
435 		last.busy_time = cur.busy_time;
436 
437 		/*
438 		 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
439 		 * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
440 		 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
441 		 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
442 		 * were previously displaying has gone away.
443 		 */
444 		switch (getdevs(&cur)) {
445 		case -1:
446 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
447 			break;
448 		case 1: {
449 			int retval;
450 
451 			num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
452 			generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
453 
454 			retval = selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
455 					    &num_selections, &select_generation,
456 					    generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
457 					    num_devices, matches, num_matches,
458 					    specified_devices,
459 					    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
460 					    maxshowdevs, 0);
461 			switch (retval) {
462 			case -1:
463 				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
464 				break;
465 			case 1:
466 				printhdr();
467 				break;
468 			default:
469 				break;
470 			}
471 		}
472 		default:
473 			break;
474 		}
475 
476 		kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum));
477 		size = sizeof(total);
478 		mib[0] = CTL_VM;
479 		mib[1] = VM_METER;
480 		if (sysctl(mib, 2, &total, &size, NULL, 0) < 0) {
481 			(void)printf("Can't get kerninfo: %s\n",
482 				     strerror(errno));
483 			bzero(&total, sizeof(total));
484 		}
485 		(void)printf("%2d %1d %1d",
486 		    total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw + total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
487 #define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((a) * sum.v_page_size >> 10)
488 #define	rate(x)	(((x) + halfuptime) / uptime)	/* round */
489 		(void)printf(" %7ld %6ld ", (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm),
490 			     (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
491 		(void)printf("%4lu ",
492 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults));
493 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
494 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_reactivated - osum.v_reactivated));
495 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
496 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein -
497 		    (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein)));
498 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
499 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout -
500 		    (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout)));
501 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
502 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree));
503 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
504 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages));
505 		devstats();
506 		(void)printf("%4lu %4lu %3lu ",
507 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr),
508 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall),
509 		    (u_long)rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch));
510 		cpustats();
511 		(void)printf("\n");
512 		(void)fflush(stdout);
513 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
514 			break;
515 		osum = sum;
516 		uptime = interval;
517 		/*
518 		 * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
519 		 * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per second).
520 		 */
521 		if (interval != 1)
522 			halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
523 		else
524 			halfuptime = 0;
525 		(void)sleep(interval);
526 	}
527 }
528 
529 void
530 printhdr()
531 {
532 	int i, num_shown;
533 
534 	num_shown = (num_selected < maxshowdevs) ? num_selected : maxshowdevs;
535 	(void)printf(" procs      memory      page%*s", 19, "");
536 	if (num_shown > 1)
537 		(void)printf(" disks %*s", num_shown * 4 - 7, "");
538 	else if (num_shown == 1)
539 		(void)printf("disk");
540 	(void)printf("   faults      cpu\n");
541 	(void)printf(" r b w     avm    fre  flt  re  pi  po  fr  sr ");
542 	for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
543 		if ((dev_select[i].selected)
544 		 && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
545 			(void)printf("%c%c%d ", dev_select[i].device_name[0],
546 				     dev_select[i].device_name[1],
547 				     dev_select[i].unit_number);
548 	(void)printf("  in   sy  cs us sy id\n");
549 	hdrcnt = winlines - 2;
550 }
551 
552 /*
553  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
554  */
555 void
556 needhdr(dummy)
557 	int dummy __unused;
558 {
559 
560 	hdrcnt = 1;
561 }
562 
563 #ifdef notyet
564 void
565 dotimes()
566 {
567 	u_int pgintime, rectime;
568 
569 	kread(X_REC, &rectime, sizeof(rectime));
570 	kread(X_PGIN, &pgintime, sizeof(pgintime));
571 	kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum));
572 	(void)printf("%u reclaims, %u total time (usec)\n",
573 	    sum.v_pgrec, rectime);
574 	(void)printf("average: %u usec / reclaim\n", rectime / sum.v_pgrec);
575 	(void)printf("\n");
576 	(void)printf("%u page ins, %u total time (msec)\n",
577 	    sum.v_pgin, pgintime / 10);
578 	(void)printf("average: %8.1f msec / page in\n",
579 	    pgintime / (sum.v_pgin * 10.0));
580 }
581 #endif
582 
583 long
584 pct(top, bot)
585 	long top, bot;
586 {
587 	long ans;
588 
589 	if (bot == 0)
590 		return(0);
591 	ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
592 	return (ans);
593 }
594 
595 #define	PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
596 
597 void
598 dosum()
599 {
600 	struct nchstats lnchstats;
601 	long nchtotal;
602 
603 	kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum));
604 	(void)printf("%9u cpu context switches\n", sum.v_swtch);
605 	(void)printf("%9u device interrupts\n", sum.v_intr);
606 	(void)printf("%9u software interrupts\n", sum.v_soft);
607 	(void)printf("%9u traps\n", sum.v_trap);
608 	(void)printf("%9u system calls\n", sum.v_syscall);
609 	(void)printf("%9u kernel threads created\n", sum.v_kthreads);
610 	(void)printf("%9u  fork() calls\n", sum.v_forks);
611 	(void)printf("%9u vfork() calls\n", sum.v_vforks);
612 	(void)printf("%9u rfork() calls\n", sum.v_rforks);
613 	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pageins\n", sum.v_swapin);
614 	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_swappgsin);
615 	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pageouts\n", sum.v_swapout);
616 	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_swappgsout);
617 	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageins\n", sum.v_vnodein);
618 	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_vnodepgsin);
619 	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageouts\n", sum.v_vnodeout);
620 	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_vnodepgsout);
621 	(void)printf("%9u page daemon wakeups\n", sum.v_pdwakeups);
622 	(void)printf("%9u pages examined by the page daemon\n", sum.v_pdpages);
623 	(void)printf("%9u pages reactivated\n", sum.v_reactivated);
624 	(void)printf("%9u copy-on-write faults\n", sum.v_cow_faults);
625 	(void)printf("%9u copy-on-write optimized faults\n", sum.v_cow_optim);
626 	(void)printf("%9u zero fill pages zeroed\n", sum.v_zfod);
627 	(void)printf("%9u zero fill pages prezeroed\n", sum.v_ozfod);
628 	(void)printf("%9u intransit blocking page faults\n", sum.v_intrans);
629 	(void)printf("%9u total VM faults taken\n", sum.v_vm_faults);
630 	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by kernel thread creation\n", sum.v_kthreadpages);
631 	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by  fork()\n", sum.v_forkpages);
632 	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by vfork()\n", sum.v_vforkpages);
633 	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by rfork()\n", sum.v_rforkpages);
634 	(void)printf("%9u pages freed\n", sum.v_tfree);
635 	(void)printf("%9u pages freed by daemon\n", sum.v_dfree);
636 	(void)printf("%9u pages freed by exiting processes\n", sum.v_pfree);
637 	(void)printf("%9u pages active\n", sum.v_active_count);
638 	(void)printf("%9u pages inactive\n", sum.v_inactive_count);
639 	(void)printf("%9u pages in VM cache\n", sum.v_cache_count);
640 	(void)printf("%9u pages wired down\n", sum.v_wire_count);
641 	(void)printf("%9u pages free\n", sum.v_free_count);
642 	(void)printf("%9u bytes per page\n", sum.v_page_size);
643 	kread(X_NCHSTATS, &lnchstats, sizeof(lnchstats));
644 	nchtotal = lnchstats.ncs_goodhits + lnchstats.ncs_neghits +
645 	    lnchstats.ncs_badhits + lnchstats.ncs_falsehits +
646 	    lnchstats.ncs_miss + lnchstats.ncs_long;
647 	(void)printf("%9ld total name lookups\n", nchtotal);
648 	(void)printf(
649 	    "%9s cache hits (%ld%% pos + %ld%% neg) system %ld%% per-directory\n",
650 	    "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
651 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
652 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
653 	(void)printf("%9s deletions %ld%%, falsehits %ld%%, toolong %ld%%\n", "",
654 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
655 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
656 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
657 }
658 
659 #ifdef notyet
660 void
661 doforkst()
662 {
663 	struct forkstat fks;
664 
665 	kread(X_FORKSTAT, &fks, sizeof(struct forkstat));
666 	(void)printf("%d forks, %d pages, average %.2f\n",
667 	    fks.cntfork, fks.sizfork, (double)fks.sizfork / fks.cntfork);
668 	(void)printf("%d vforks, %d pages, average %.2f\n",
669 	    fks.cntvfork, fks.sizvfork, (double)fks.sizvfork / fks.cntvfork);
670 }
671 #endif
672 
673 static void
674 devstats()
675 {
676 	int dn, state;
677 	long double transfers_per_second;
678 	long double busy_seconds;
679 	long tmp;
680 
681 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
682 		tmp = cur.cp_time[state];
683 		cur.cp_time[state] -= last.cp_time[state];
684 		last.cp_time[state] = tmp;
685 	}
686 
687 	busy_seconds = compute_etime(cur.busy_time, last.busy_time);
688 
689 	for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
690 		int di;
691 
692 		if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
693 		 || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
694 			continue;
695 
696 		di = dev_select[dn].position;
697 
698 		if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
699 		    &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
700 		    DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
701 		    DSM_NONE) != 0)
702 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
703 
704 		(void)printf("%3.0Lf ", transfers_per_second);
705 	}
706 }
707 
708 void
709 cpustats()
710 {
711 	int state;
712 	double lpct, total;
713 
714 	total = 0;
715 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
716 		total += cur.cp_time[state];
717 	if (total)
718 		lpct = 100.0 / total;
719 	else
720 		lpct = 0.0;
721 	(void)printf("%2.0f ", (cur.cp_time[CP_USER] +
722 				cur.cp_time[CP_NICE]) * lpct);
723 	(void)printf("%2.0f ", (cur.cp_time[CP_SYS] +
724 				cur.cp_time[CP_INTR]) * lpct);
725 	(void)printf("%2.0f", cur.cp_time[CP_IDLE] * lpct);
726 }
727 
728 void
729 dointr()
730 {
731 	u_long *intrcnt, uptime;
732 	u_int64_t inttotal;
733 	int nintr, inamlen;
734 	char *intrname;
735 
736 	uptime = getuptime();
737 	nintr = namelist[X_EINTRCNT].n_value - namelist[X_INTRCNT].n_value;
738 	inamlen =
739 	    namelist[X_EINTRNAMES].n_value - namelist[X_INTRNAMES].n_value;
740 	intrcnt = malloc((size_t)nintr);
741 	intrname = malloc((size_t)inamlen);
742 	if (intrcnt == NULL || intrname == NULL)
743 		errx(1, "malloc");
744 	kread(X_INTRCNT, intrcnt, (size_t)nintr);
745 	kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrname, (size_t)inamlen);
746 	(void)printf("interrupt                   total       rate\n");
747 	inttotal = 0;
748 	nintr /= sizeof(long);
749 	while (--nintr >= 0) {
750 		if (*intrcnt)
751 			(void)printf("%-12s %20lu %10lu\n", intrname,
752 			    *intrcnt, *intrcnt / uptime);
753 		intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
754 		inttotal += *intrcnt++;
755 	}
756 	(void)printf("Total        %20llu %10llu\n", inttotal,
757 			inttotal / (u_int64_t) uptime);
758 }
759 
760 #define	MAX_KMSTATS	200
761 
762 void
763 domem()
764 {
765 	struct kmembuckets *kp;
766 	struct malloc_type *ks;
767 	int i, j;
768 	int len, size, first, nkms;
769 	long totuse = 0, totfree = 0, totreq = 0;
770 	const char *name;
771 	struct malloc_type kmemstats[MAX_KMSTATS], *kmsp;
772 	char buf[1024];
773 	struct kmembuckets buckets[MINBUCKET + 16];
774 
775 	kread(X_KMEMBUCKETS, buckets, sizeof(buckets));
776 	kread(X_KMEMSTATISTICS, &kmsp, sizeof(kmsp));
777 	for (nkms = 0; nkms < MAX_KMSTATS && kmsp != NULL; nkms++) {
778 		if (sizeof(kmemstats[0]) != kvm_read(kd, (u_long)kmsp,
779 		    &kmemstats[nkms], sizeof(kmemstats[0])))
780 			err(1, "kvm_read(%p)", (void *)kmsp);
781 		if (sizeof(buf) !=  kvm_read(kd,
782 	            (u_long)kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc, buf, sizeof(buf)))
783 			err(1, "kvm_read(%p)",
784 			    (const void *)kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc);
785 		buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
786 		kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc = strdup(buf);
787 		kmsp = kmemstats[nkms].ks_next;
788 	}
789 	if (kmsp != NULL)
790 		warnx("truncated to the first %d memory types", nkms);
791 	(void)printf("Memory statistics by bucket size\n");
792 	(void)printf(
793 	    "Size   In Use   Free   Requests  HighWater  Couldfree\n");
794 	for (i = MINBUCKET, kp = &buckets[i]; i < MINBUCKET + 16; i++, kp++) {
795 		if (kp->kb_calls == 0)
796 			continue;
797 		size = 1 << i;
798 		if(size < 1024)
799 			(void)printf("%4d",size);
800 		else
801 			(void)printf("%3dK",size>>10);
802 		(void)printf(" %8ld %6ld %10lld %7ld %10ld\n",
803 			kp->kb_total - kp->kb_totalfree,
804 			kp->kb_totalfree, kp->kb_calls,
805 			kp->kb_highwat, kp->kb_couldfree);
806 		totfree += size * kp->kb_totalfree;
807 	}
808 
809 	(void)printf("\nMemory usage type by bucket size\n");
810 	(void)printf("Size  Type(s)\n");
811 	kp = &buckets[MINBUCKET];
812 	for (j =  1 << MINBUCKET; j < 1 << (MINBUCKET + 16); j <<= 1, kp++) {
813 		if (kp->kb_calls == 0)
814 			continue;
815 		first = 1;
816 		len = 8;
817 		for (i = 0, ks = &kmemstats[0]; i < nkms; i++, ks++) {
818 			if (ks->ks_calls == 0)
819 				continue;
820 			if ((ks->ks_size & j) == 0)
821 				continue;
822 			name = ks->ks_shortdesc;
823 			len += 2 + strlen(name);
824 			if (first && j < 1024)
825 				(void)printf("%4d  %s", j, name);
826 			else if (first)
827 				(void)printf("%3dK  %s", j>>10, name);
828 			else
829 				(void)printf(",");
830 			if (len >= 79) {
831 				(void)printf("\n\t ");
832 				len = 10 + strlen(name);
833 			}
834 			if (!first)
835 				(void)printf(" %s", name);
836 			first = 0;
837 		}
838 		(void)printf("\n");
839 	}
840 
841 	(void)printf(
842 	    "\nMemory statistics by type                          Type  Kern\n");
843 	(void)printf(
844 "        Type  InUse MemUse HighUse  Limit Requests Limit Limit Size(s)\n");
845 	for (i = 0, ks = &kmemstats[0]; i < nkms; i++, ks++) {
846 		if (ks->ks_calls == 0)
847 			continue;
848 		(void)printf("%13s%6ld%6ldK%7ldK%6ldK%9lld%5u%6u",
849 		    ks->ks_shortdesc,
850 		    ks->ks_inuse, (ks->ks_memuse + 1023) / 1024,
851 		    (ks->ks_maxused + 1023) / 1024,
852 		    (ks->ks_limit + 1023) / 1024, ks->ks_calls,
853 		    ks->ks_limblocks, ks->ks_mapblocks);
854 		first = 1;
855 		for (j =  1 << MINBUCKET; j < 1 << (MINBUCKET + 16); j <<= 1) {
856 			if ((ks->ks_size & j) == 0)
857 				continue;
858 			if (first)
859 				(void)printf("  ");
860 			else
861 				(void)printf(",");
862 			if(j<1024)
863 				(void)printf("%d",j);
864 			else
865 				(void)printf("%dK",j>>10);
866 			first = 0;
867 		}
868 		(void)printf("\n");
869 		totuse += ks->ks_memuse;
870 		totreq += ks->ks_calls;
871 	}
872 	(void)printf("\nMemory Totals:  In Use    Free    Requests\n");
873 	(void)printf("              %7ldK %6ldK    %8ld\n",
874 	     (totuse + 1023) / 1024, (totfree + 1023) / 1024, totreq);
875 }
876 
877 void
878 dozmem()
879 {
880 	char *buf;
881 	size_t bufsize;
882 
883 	buf = NULL;
884 	bufsize = 1024;
885 	for (;;) {
886 		if ((buf = realloc(buf, bufsize)) == NULL)
887 			err(1, "realloc()");
888 		if (sysctlbyname("vm.zone", buf, &bufsize, 0, NULL) == 0)
889 			break;
890 		if (errno != ENOMEM)
891 			err(1, "sysctl()");
892 		bufsize *= 2;
893 	}
894 	buf[bufsize] = '\0'; /* play it safe */
895 	(void)printf("%s\n\n", buf);
896 	free(buf);
897 }
898 
899 /*
900  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
901  */
902 void
903 kread(nlx, addr, size)
904 	int nlx;
905 	void *addr;
906 	size_t size;
907 {
908 	char *sym;
909 
910 	if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
911 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
912 		if (*sym == '_')
913 			++sym;
914 		errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
915 	}
916 	if (kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value, addr, size) != (int)size) {
917 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
918 		if (*sym == '_')
919 			++sym;
920 		errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
921 	}
922 }
923 
924 void
925 usage()
926 {
927 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s",
928 		"usage: vmstat [-imsz] [-c count] [-M core] [-N system] [-w wait]\n",
929 		"              [-n devs] [disks]\n");
930 	exit(1);
931 }
932