xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c (revision bdcbfde31e8e9b343f113a1956384bdf30d1ed62)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #ifndef lint
33 static const char copyright[] =
34 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993\n\
35 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
36 #endif /* not lint */
37 
38 #if 0
39 #endif
40 
41 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/proc.h>
44 #include <sys/uio.h>
45 #include <sys/namei.h>
46 #include <sys/malloc.h>
47 #include <sys/signal.h>
48 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
49 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
50 #include <sys/resource.h>
51 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
52 #include <sys/time.h>
53 #include <sys/user.h>
54 #define	_WANT_VMMETER
55 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
56 #include <sys/pcpu.h>
57 
58 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
59 
60 #include <ctype.h>
61 #include <devstat.h>
62 #include <err.h>
63 #include <errno.h>
64 #include <inttypes.h>
65 #include <kvm.h>
66 #include <limits.h>
67 #include <memstat.h>
68 #include <nlist.h>
69 #include <paths.h>
70 #include <stdio.h>
71 #include <stdlib.h>
72 #include <string.h>
73 #include <sysexits.h>
74 #include <time.h>
75 #include <unistd.h>
76 #include <libutil.h>
77 #include <libxo/xo.h>
78 
79 #define VMSTAT_XO_VERSION "1"
80 
81 static char da[] = "da";
82 
83 enum x_stats { X_SUM, X_HZ, X_STATHZ, X_NCHSTATS, X_INTRNAMES, X_SINTRNAMES,
84     X_INTRCNT, X_SINTRCNT, X_NINTRCNT };
85 
86 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
87 	[X_SUM] = { .n_name = "_vm_cnt", },
88 	[X_HZ] = { .n_name = "_hz", },
89 	[X_STATHZ] = { .n_name = "_stathz", },
90 	[X_NCHSTATS] = { .n_name = "_nchstats", },
91 	[X_INTRNAMES] = { .n_name = "_intrnames", },
92 	[X_SINTRNAMES] = { .n_name = "_sintrnames", },
93 	[X_INTRCNT] = { .n_name = "_intrcnt", },
94 	[X_SINTRCNT] = { .n_name = "_sintrcnt", },
95 	[X_NINTRCNT] = { .n_name = "_nintrcnt", },
96 	{ .n_name = NULL, },
97 };
98 
99 static struct devstat_match *matches;
100 static struct device_selection *dev_select;
101 static struct statinfo cur, last;
102 static devstat_select_mode select_mode;
103 static size_t size_cp_times;
104 static long *cur_cp_times, *last_cp_times;
105 static long generation, select_generation;
106 static int hz, hdrcnt, maxshowdevs;
107 static int num_devices, num_devices_specified;
108 static int num_matches, num_selected, num_selections;
109 static char **specified_devices;
110 
111 static struct __vmmeter {
112 	uint64_t v_swtch;
113 	uint64_t v_trap;
114 	uint64_t v_syscall;
115 	uint64_t v_intr;
116 	uint64_t v_soft;
117 	uint64_t v_vm_faults;
118 	uint64_t v_io_faults;
119 	uint64_t v_cow_faults;
120 	uint64_t v_cow_optim;
121 	uint64_t v_zfod;
122 	uint64_t v_ozfod;
123 	uint64_t v_swapin;
124 	uint64_t v_swapout;
125 	uint64_t v_swappgsin;
126 	uint64_t v_swappgsout;
127 	uint64_t v_vnodein;
128 	uint64_t v_vnodeout;
129 	uint64_t v_vnodepgsin;
130 	uint64_t v_vnodepgsout;
131 	uint64_t v_intrans;
132 	uint64_t v_reactivated;
133 	uint64_t v_pdwakeups;
134 	uint64_t v_pdpages;
135 	uint64_t v_pdshortfalls;
136 	uint64_t v_dfree;
137 	uint64_t v_pfree;
138 	uint64_t v_tfree;
139 	uint64_t v_forks;
140 	uint64_t v_vforks;
141 	uint64_t v_rforks;
142 	uint64_t v_kthreads;
143 	uint64_t v_forkpages;
144 	uint64_t v_vforkpages;
145 	uint64_t v_rforkpages;
146 	uint64_t v_kthreadpages;
147 	u_int v_page_size;
148 	u_int v_page_count;
149 	u_int v_free_reserved;
150 	u_int v_free_target;
151 	u_int v_free_min;
152 	u_int v_free_count;
153 	u_int v_wire_count;
154 	u_long v_user_wire_count;
155 	u_int v_active_count;
156 	u_int v_inactive_target;
157 	u_int v_inactive_count;
158 	u_int v_laundry_count;
159 	u_int v_pageout_free_min;
160 	u_int v_interrupt_free_min;
161 	u_int v_free_severe;
162 } sum, osum;
163 
164 #define	VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES	20	/* Default number of `winlines'. */
165 static volatile sig_atomic_t wresized;		/* Tty resized when non-zero. */
166 static int winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES; /* Current number of tty rows. */
167 
168 static int	aflag;
169 static int	nflag;
170 static int	Pflag;
171 static int	hflag;
172 
173 static kvm_t	*kd;
174 
175 #define	FORKSTAT	0x01
176 #define	INTRSTAT	0x02
177 #define	MEMSTAT		0x04
178 #define	SUMSTAT		0x08
179 #define	TIMESTAT	0x10
180 #define	VMSTAT		0x20
181 #define	ZMEMSTAT	0x40
182 #define	OBJSTAT		0x80
183 
184 static void	cpustats(void);
185 static void	pcpustats(u_long, int);
186 static void	devstats(void);
187 static void	doforkst(void);
188 static void	dointr(unsigned int, int);
189 static void	doobjstat(void);
190 static void	dosum(void);
191 static void	dovmstat(unsigned int, int);
192 static void	domemstat_malloc(void);
193 static void	domemstat_zone(void);
194 static void	kread(int, void *, size_t);
195 static void	kreado(int, void *, size_t, size_t);
196 static void	kreadptr(uintptr_t, void *, size_t);
197 static void	needhdr(int);
198 static void	needresize(int);
199 static void	doresize(void);
200 static void	printhdr(int, u_long);
201 static void	usage(void);
202 
203 static long	pct(long, long);
204 static long long	getuptime(void);
205 
206 static char	**getdrivedata(char **);
207 
208 int
209 main(int argc, char *argv[])
210 {
211 	char *bp, *buf, *memf, *nlistf;
212 	float f;
213 	int bufsize, c, reps, todo;
214 	size_t len;
215 	unsigned int interval;
216 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
217 
218 	memf = nlistf = NULL;
219 	interval = reps = todo = 0;
220 	maxshowdevs = 2;
221 
222 	argc = xo_parse_args(argc, argv);
223 	if (argc < 0)
224 		return (argc);
225 
226 	hflag = (xo_get_style(NULL) == XO_STYLE_TEXT) && isatty(1);
227 
228 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ac:fhHiM:mN:n:oPp:sw:z")) != -1) {
229 		switch (c) {
230 		case 'a':
231 			aflag++;
232 			break;
233 		case 'c':
234 			reps = atoi(optarg);
235 			break;
236 		case 'P':
237 			Pflag++;
238 			break;
239 		case 'f':
240 			todo |= FORKSTAT;
241 			break;
242 		case 'h':
243 			hflag = 1;
244 			break;
245 		case 'H':
246 			hflag = 0;
247 			break;
248 		case 'i':
249 			todo |= INTRSTAT;
250 			break;
251 		case 'M':
252 			memf = optarg;
253 			break;
254 		case 'm':
255 			todo |= MEMSTAT;
256 			break;
257 		case 'N':
258 			nlistf = optarg;
259 			break;
260 		case 'n':
261 			nflag = 1;
262 			maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
263 			if (maxshowdevs < 0)
264 				xo_errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
265 				    maxshowdevs);
266 			break;
267 		case 'o':
268 			todo |= OBJSTAT;
269 			break;
270 		case 'p':
271 			if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches)
272 			    != 0)
273 				xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
274 			break;
275 		case 's':
276 			todo |= SUMSTAT;
277 			break;
278 		case 'w':
279 			/* Convert to milliseconds. */
280 			f = atof(optarg);
281 			interval = f * 1000;
282 			break;
283 		case 'z':
284 			todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
285 			break;
286 		case '?':
287 		default:
288 			usage();
289 		}
290 	}
291 	argc -= optind;
292 	argv += optind;
293 
294 	xo_set_version(VMSTAT_XO_VERSION);
295 	if (todo == 0)
296 		todo = VMSTAT;
297 
298 	if (memf != NULL) {
299 		kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
300 		if (kd == NULL)
301 			xo_errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
302 	}
303 
304 retry_nlist:
305 	if (kd != NULL && (c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
306 		if (c > 0) {
307 			bufsize = 0;
308 			len = 0;
309 
310 			/*
311 			 * 'cnt' was renamed to 'vm_cnt'.  If 'vm_cnt' is not
312 			 * found try looking up older 'cnt' symbol.
313 			 * */
314 			if (namelist[X_SUM].n_type == 0 &&
315 			    strcmp(namelist[X_SUM].n_name, "_vm_cnt") == 0) {
316 				namelist[X_SUM].n_name = "_cnt";
317 				goto retry_nlist;
318 			}
319 
320 			/*
321 			 * 'nintrcnt' doesn't exist in older kernels, but
322 			 * that isn't fatal.
323 			 */
324 			if (namelist[X_NINTRCNT].n_type == 0 && c == 1)
325 				goto nlist_ok;
326 
327 			for (c = 0; c < (int)(nitems(namelist)); c++)
328 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
329 					bufsize += strlen(namelist[c].n_name)
330 					    + 1;
331 			bufsize += len + 1;
332 			buf = bp = alloca(bufsize);
333 
334 			for (c = 0; c < (int)(nitems(namelist)); c++)
335 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0) {
336 					xo_error(" %s",
337 					    namelist[c].n_name);
338 					len = strlen(namelist[c].n_name);
339 					*bp++ = ' ';
340 					memcpy(bp, namelist[c].n_name, len);
341 					bp += len;
342 				}
343 			*bp = '\0';
344 			xo_error("undefined symbols:\n", buf);
345 		} else
346 			xo_warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
347 		xo_finish();
348 		exit(1);
349 	}
350 nlist_ok:
351 	if (kd && Pflag)
352 		xo_errx(1, "Cannot use -P with crash dumps");
353 
354 	if (todo & VMSTAT) {
355 		/*
356 		 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
357 		 * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
358 		 * message informing the user of his mistake.
359 		 */
360 		if (devstat_checkversion(NULL) < 0)
361 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
362 
363 
364 		argv = getdrivedata(argv);
365 	}
366 
367 	if (*argv) {
368 		f = atof(*argv);
369 		interval = f * 1000;
370 		if (*++argv)
371 			reps = atoi(*argv);
372 	}
373 
374 	if (interval) {
375 		if (!reps)
376 			reps = -1;
377 	} else if (reps)
378 		interval = 1 * 1000;
379 
380 	if (todo & FORKSTAT)
381 		doforkst();
382 	if (todo & MEMSTAT)
383 		domemstat_malloc();
384 	if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
385 		domemstat_zone();
386 	if (todo & SUMSTAT)
387 		dosum();
388 	if (todo & OBJSTAT)
389 		doobjstat();
390 	if (todo & INTRSTAT)
391 		dointr(interval, reps);
392 	if (todo & VMSTAT)
393 		dovmstat(interval, reps);
394 	xo_finish();
395 	exit(0);
396 }
397 
398 static int
399 mysysctl(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp)
400 {
401 	int error;
402 
403 	error = sysctlbyname(name, oldp, oldlenp, NULL, 0);
404 	if (error != 0 && errno != ENOMEM)
405 		xo_err(1, "sysctl(%s)", name);
406 	return (error);
407 }
408 
409 static char **
410 getdrivedata(char **argv)
411 {
412 
413 	if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(NULL)) < 0)
414 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
415 
416 	cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct devinfo));
417 	last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct devinfo));
418 
419 	if (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur) == -1)
420 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
421 
422 	num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
423 	generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
424 
425 	specified_devices = malloc(sizeof(char *));
426 	for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
427 		if (isdigit(**argv))
428 			break;
429 		num_devices_specified++;
430 		specified_devices = reallocf(specified_devices,
431 		    sizeof(char *) * num_devices_specified);
432 		if (specified_devices == NULL) {
433 			xo_errx(1, "%s", "reallocf (specified_devices)");
434 		}
435 		specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
436 	}
437 	dev_select = NULL;
438 
439 	if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
440 		maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
441 
442 	/*
443 	 * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
444 	 * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
445 	 * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
446 	 * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
447 	 * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
448 	 * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
449 	 * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
450 	 * those devices.
451 	 */
452 	if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
453 		if (devstat_buildmatch(da, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
454 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
455 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
456 	} else
457 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
458 
459 	/*
460 	 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
461 	 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
462 	 * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
463 	 */
464 	if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
465 	    &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
466 	    num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
467 	    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
468 	    maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
469 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
470 
471 	return(argv);
472 }
473 
474 /* Return system uptime in nanoseconds */
475 static long long
476 getuptime(void)
477 {
478 	struct timespec sp;
479 
480 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_UPTIME, &sp);
481 	return((long long)sp.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + sp.tv_nsec);
482 }
483 
484 static void
485 fill_vmmeter(struct __vmmeter *vmmp)
486 {
487 	struct vmmeter vm_cnt;
488 	size_t size;
489 
490 	if (kd != NULL) {
491 		kread(X_SUM, &vm_cnt, sizeof(vm_cnt));
492 #define	GET_COUNTER(name) \
493 		vmmp->name = kvm_counter_u64_fetch(kd, (u_long)vm_cnt.name)
494 		GET_COUNTER(v_swtch);
495 		GET_COUNTER(v_trap);
496 		GET_COUNTER(v_syscall);
497 		GET_COUNTER(v_intr);
498 		GET_COUNTER(v_soft);
499 		GET_COUNTER(v_vm_faults);
500 		GET_COUNTER(v_io_faults);
501 		GET_COUNTER(v_cow_faults);
502 		GET_COUNTER(v_cow_optim);
503 		GET_COUNTER(v_zfod);
504 		GET_COUNTER(v_ozfod);
505 		GET_COUNTER(v_swapin);
506 		GET_COUNTER(v_swapout);
507 		GET_COUNTER(v_swappgsin);
508 		GET_COUNTER(v_swappgsout);
509 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodein);
510 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodeout);
511 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodepgsin);
512 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodepgsout);
513 		GET_COUNTER(v_intrans);
514 		GET_COUNTER(v_tfree);
515 		GET_COUNTER(v_forks);
516 		GET_COUNTER(v_vforks);
517 		GET_COUNTER(v_rforks);
518 		GET_COUNTER(v_kthreads);
519 		GET_COUNTER(v_forkpages);
520 		GET_COUNTER(v_vforkpages);
521 		GET_COUNTER(v_rforkpages);
522 		GET_COUNTER(v_kthreadpages);
523 #undef GET_COUNTER
524 	} else {
525 #define GET_VM_STATS(cat, name)	do {					\
526 	size = sizeof(vmmp->name);					\
527 	mysysctl("vm.stats." #cat "." #name, &vmmp->name, &size);	\
528 } while (0)
529 		/* sys */
530 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_swtch);
531 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_trap);
532 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_syscall);
533 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_intr);
534 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_soft);
535 
536 		/* vm */
537 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vm_faults);
538 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_io_faults);
539 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_faults);
540 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_optim);
541 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_zfod);
542 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_ozfod);
543 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapin);
544 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapout);
545 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsin);
546 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsout);
547 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodein);
548 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodeout);
549 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsin);
550 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsout);
551 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_intrans);
552 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_reactivated);
553 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdwakeups);
554 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdpages);
555 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdshortfalls);
556 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_dfree);
557 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pfree);
558 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_tfree);
559 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_size);
560 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_count);
561 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_reserved);
562 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_target);
563 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_min);
564 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_count);
565 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_wire_count);
566 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_user_wire_count);
567 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_active_count);
568 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_target);
569 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_count);
570 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_laundry_count);
571 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pageout_free_min);
572 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_interrupt_free_min);
573 		/*GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_severe);*/
574 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forks);
575 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforks);
576 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforks);
577 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreads);
578 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forkpages);
579 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforkpages);
580 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforkpages);
581 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreadpages);
582 #undef GET_VM_STATS
583 	}
584 }
585 
586 static void
587 fill_vmtotal(struct vmtotal *vmtp)
588 {
589 	size_t size;
590 
591 	if (kd != NULL) {
592 		/* XXX fill vmtp */
593 		xo_errx(1, "not implemented");
594 	} else {
595 		size = sizeof(*vmtp);
596 		mysysctl("vm.vmtotal", vmtp, &size);
597 		if (size != sizeof(*vmtp))
598 			xo_errx(1, "vm.total size mismatch");
599 	}
600 }
601 
602 /* Determine how many cpu columns, and what index they are in kern.cp_times */
603 static void
604 getcpuinfo(u_long *maskp, int *maxidp)
605 {
606 	long *times;
607 	u_long mask;
608 	size_t size;
609 	int empty, i, j, maxcpu, maxid;
610 
611 	if (kd != NULL)
612 		xo_errx(1, "not implemented");
613 	mask = 0;
614 	size = sizeof(maxcpu);
615 	mysysctl("kern.smp.maxcpus", &maxcpu, &size);
616 	if (size != sizeof(maxcpu))
617 		xo_errx(1, "sysctl kern.smp.maxcpus");
618 	size = sizeof(long) * maxcpu * CPUSTATES;
619 	times = malloc(size);
620 	if (times == NULL)
621 		xo_err(1, "malloc %zd bytes", size);
622 	mysysctl("kern.cp_times", times, &size);
623 	maxid = (size / CPUSTATES / sizeof(long)) - 1;
624 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
625 		empty = 1;
626 		for (j = 0; empty && j < CPUSTATES; j++) {
627 			if (times[i * CPUSTATES + j] != 0)
628 				empty = 0;
629 		}
630 		if (!empty)
631 			mask |= (1ul << i);
632 	}
633 	if (maskp)
634 		*maskp = mask;
635 	if (maxidp)
636 		*maxidp = maxid;
637 }
638 
639 
640 static void
641 prthuman(const char *name, uint64_t val, int size, int flags)
642 {
643 	char buf[10];
644 	char fmt[128];
645 
646 	snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "{:%s/%%*s}", name);
647 
648 	if (size < 5 || size > 9)
649 		xo_errx(1, "doofus");
650 	flags |= HN_NOSPACE | HN_DECIMAL;
651 	humanize_number(buf, size, val, "", HN_AUTOSCALE, flags);
652 	xo_attr("value", "%ju", (uintmax_t) val);
653 	xo_emit(fmt, size, buf);
654 }
655 
656 static void
657 dovmstat(unsigned int interval, int reps)
658 {
659 	struct clockinfo clockrate;
660 	struct vmtotal total;
661 	struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
662 	u_long cpumask;
663 	size_t size;
664 	time_t uptime, halfuptime;
665 	int maxid, rate_adj, retval;
666 
667 	uptime = getuptime() / 1000000000LL;
668 	halfuptime = uptime / 2;
669 	rate_adj = 1;
670 	maxid = 0;
671 	cpumask = 0;
672 
673 	/*
674 	 * If the user stops the program (control-Z) and then resumes it,
675 	 * print out the header again.
676 	 */
677 	(void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
678 
679 	/*
680 	 * If our standard output is a tty, then install a SIGWINCH handler
681 	 * and set wresized so that our first iteration through the main
682 	 * vmstat loop will peek at the terminal's current rows to find out
683 	 * how many lines can fit in a screenful of output.
684 	 */
685 	if (isatty(fileno(stdout)) != 0) {
686 		wresized = 1;
687 		(void)signal(SIGWINCH, needresize);
688 	} else {
689 		wresized = 0;
690 		winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES;
691 	}
692 
693 	if (kd != NULL) {
694 		if (namelist[X_STATHZ].n_type != 0 &&
695 		    namelist[X_STATHZ].n_value != 0)
696 			kread(X_STATHZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
697 		if (!hz)
698 			kread(X_HZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
699 	} else {
700 		size = sizeof(clockrate);
701 		mysysctl("kern.clockrate", &clockrate, &size);
702 		if (size != sizeof(clockrate))
703 			xo_errx(1, "clockrate size mismatch");
704 		hz = clockrate.hz;
705 	}
706 
707 	if (Pflag) {
708 		getcpuinfo(&cpumask, &maxid);
709 		size_cp_times = sizeof(long) * (maxid + 1) * CPUSTATES;
710 		cur_cp_times = calloc(1, size_cp_times);
711 		last_cp_times = calloc(1, size_cp_times);
712 	}
713 	for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
714 		if (!--hdrcnt)
715 			printhdr(maxid, cpumask);
716 		if (kd != NULL) {
717 			if (kvm_getcptime(kd, cur.cp_time) < 0)
718 				xo_errx(1, "kvm_getcptime: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
719 		} else {
720 			size = sizeof(cur.cp_time);
721 			mysysctl("kern.cp_time", &cur.cp_time, &size);
722 			if (size != sizeof(cur.cp_time))
723 				xo_errx(1, "cp_time size mismatch");
724 		}
725 		if (Pflag) {
726 			size = size_cp_times;
727 			mysysctl("kern.cp_times", cur_cp_times, &size);
728 			if (size != size_cp_times)
729 				xo_errx(1, "cp_times mismatch");
730 		}
731 
732 		tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
733 		last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
734 		cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
735 		last.snap_time = cur.snap_time;
736 
737 		/*
738 		 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
739 		 * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
740 		 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
741 		 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
742 		 * were previously displaying has gone away.
743 		 */
744 		switch (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur)) {
745 		case -1:
746 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
747 			break;
748 		case 1:
749 			num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
750 			generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
751 
752 			retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
753 			    &num_selections, &select_generation,
754 			    generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
755 			    num_devices, matches, num_matches,
756 			    specified_devices,
757 			    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
758 			    maxshowdevs, 0);
759 			switch (retval) {
760 			case -1:
761 				xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
762 				break;
763 			case 1:
764 				printhdr(maxid, cpumask);
765 				break;
766 			default:
767 				break;
768 			}
769 			break;
770 		default:
771 			break;
772 		}
773 
774 		fill_vmmeter(&sum);
775 		fill_vmtotal(&total);
776 		xo_open_container("processes");
777 		xo_emit("{:runnable/%2d} {:waiting/%2ld} "
778 		    "{:swapped-out/%2ld}", total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw +
779 		    total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
780 		xo_close_container("processes");
781 		xo_open_container("memory");
782 #define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((uintmax_t)(a) * (sum.v_page_size >> 10))
783 #define	rate(x)	(unsigned long)(((x) * rate_adj + halfuptime) / uptime)
784 		if (hflag) {
785 			prthuman("available-memory",
786 			    total.t_avm * (uint64_t)sum.v_page_size, 5, HN_B);
787 			prthuman("free-memory",
788 			    total.t_free * (uint64_t)sum.v_page_size, 5, HN_B);
789 			prthuman("total-page-faults",
790 			    rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults), 5, 0);
791 			xo_emit(" ");
792 		} else {
793 			xo_emit(" ");
794 			xo_emit("{:available-memory/%7ju}",
795 			    vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm));
796 			xo_emit(" ");
797 			xo_emit("{:free-memory/%7ju}",
798 			    vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
799 			xo_emit(" ");
800 			xo_emit("{:total-page-faults/%5lu} ",
801 			    rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults));
802 		}
803 		xo_close_container("memory");
804 
805 		xo_open_container("paging-rates");
806 		xo_emit("{:page-reactivated/%3lu} ",
807 		    rate(sum.v_reactivated - osum.v_reactivated));
808 		xo_emit("{:paged-in/%3lu} ",
809 		    rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein -
810 		    (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein)));
811 		xo_emit("{:paged-out/%3lu}",
812 		    rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout -
813 		    (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout)));
814 		if (hflag) {
815 			prthuman("freed",
816 			    rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree), 5, 0);
817 			prthuman("scanned",
818 			    rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages), 5, 0);
819 		} else {
820 			xo_emit(" ");
821 			xo_emit("{:freed/%5lu} ",
822 			    rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree));
823 			xo_emit("{:scanned/%4lu}",
824 			    rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages));
825 		}
826 		xo_close_container("paging-rates");
827 
828 		devstats();
829 		xo_open_container("fault-rates");
830 		if (hflag) {
831 			prthuman("interrupts",
832 			    rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr), 5, 0);
833 			prthuman("system-calls",
834 			    rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall), 5, 0);
835 			prthuman("context-switches",
836 			    rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch), 5, 0);
837 		} else {
838 			xo_emit(" ");
839 			xo_emit("{:interrupts/%4lu} "
840 			    "{:system-calls/%5lu} "
841 			    "{:context-switches/%5lu}",
842 			    rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr),
843 			    rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall),
844 			    rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch));
845 		}
846 		xo_close_container("fault-rates");
847 		if (Pflag)
848 			pcpustats(cpumask, maxid);
849 		else
850 			cpustats();
851 		xo_emit("\n");
852 		xo_flush();
853 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
854 			break;
855 		osum = sum;
856 		uptime = interval;
857 		rate_adj = 1000;
858 		/*
859 		 * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
860 		 * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per millisecond).
861 		 */
862 		if (interval != 1)
863 			halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
864 		else
865 			halfuptime = 0;
866 		(void)usleep(interval * 1000);
867 	}
868 }
869 
870 static void
871 printhdr(int maxid, u_long cpumask)
872 {
873 	int i, num_shown;
874 
875 	num_shown = MIN(num_selected, maxshowdevs);
876 	if (hflag)
877 		xo_emit(" {T:procs}    {T:memory}    {T:/page%*s}", 19, "");
878 	else
879 		xo_emit("{T:procs}     {T:memory}       {T:/page%*s}", 19, "");
880 	if (num_shown > 1)
881 		xo_emit("   {T:/disks %*s}  ", num_shown * 5 - 7, "");
882 	else if (num_shown == 1)
883 		xo_emit("   {T:disks} ");
884 	xo_emit(" {T:faults}      ");
885 	if (Pflag) {
886 		for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
887 			if (cpumask & (1ul << i))
888 				xo_emit("  {T:/cpu%d}   ", i);
889 		}
890 		xo_emit("\n");
891 	} else
892 		xo_emit(" {T:cpu}\n");
893 	if (hflag) {
894 		xo_emit(" {T:r}  {T:b}  {T:w}  {T:avm}  {T:fre}  {T:flt}  {T:re}"
895 		    "  {T:pi}  {T:po}   {T:fr}   {T:sr} ");
896 	} else {
897 		xo_emit("{T:r} {T:b} {T:w}     {T:avm}     {T:fre}  {T:flt}  "
898 		    "{T:re}  {T:pi}  {T:po}    {T:fr}   {T:sr} ");
899 	}
900 	for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
901 		if ((dev_select[i].selected) &&
902 		    (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
903 			xo_emit("{T:/%3.3s%d} ", dev_select[i].device_name,
904 			    dev_select[i].unit_number);
905 	xo_emit("  {T:in}   {T:sy}   {T:cs}");
906 	if (Pflag) {
907 		for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
908 			if (cpumask & (1ul << i))
909 				xo_emit(" {T:us} {T:sy} {T:id}");
910 		}
911 		xo_emit("\n");
912 	} else
913 		xo_emit(" {T:us} {T:sy} {T:id}\n");
914 	if (wresized != 0)
915 		doresize();
916 	hdrcnt = winlines;
917 }
918 
919 /*
920  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
921  */
922 static void
923 needhdr(int dummy __unused)
924 {
925 
926 	hdrcnt = 1;
927 }
928 
929 /*
930  * When the terminal is resized, force an update of the maximum number of rows
931  * printed between each header repetition.  Then force a new header to be
932  * prepended to the next output.
933  */
934 void
935 needresize(int signo __unused)
936 {
937 
938 	wresized = 1;
939 	hdrcnt = 1;
940 }
941 
942 /*
943  * Update the global `winlines' count of terminal rows.
944  */
945 void
946 doresize(void)
947 {
948 	struct winsize w;
949 	int status;
950 
951 	for (;;) {
952 		status = ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
953 		if (status == -1 && errno == EINTR)
954 			continue;
955 		else if (status == -1)
956 			xo_err(1, "ioctl");
957 		if (w.ws_row > 3)
958 			winlines = w.ws_row - 3;
959 		else
960 			winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES;
961 		break;
962 	}
963 
964 	/*
965 	 * Inhibit doresize() calls until we are rescheduled by SIGWINCH.
966 	 */
967 	wresized = 0;
968 }
969 
970 static long
971 pct(long top, long bot)
972 {
973 	long ans;
974 
975 	if (bot == 0)
976 		return(0);
977 	ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
978 	return (ans);
979 }
980 
981 #define	PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
982 
983 static void
984 dosum(void)
985 {
986 	struct nchstats lnchstats;
987 	size_t size;
988 	long nchtotal;
989 
990 	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
991 	xo_open_container("summary-statistics");
992 	xo_emit("{:context-switches/%9u} {N:cpu context switches}\n",
993 	    sum.v_swtch);
994 	xo_emit("{:interrupts/%9u} {N:device interrupts}\n",
995 	    sum.v_intr);
996 	xo_emit("{:software-interrupts/%9u} {N:software interrupts}\n",
997 	    sum.v_soft);
998 	xo_emit("{:traps/%9u} {N:traps}\n", sum.v_trap);
999 	xo_emit("{:system-calls/%9u} {N:system calls}\n",
1000 	    sum.v_syscall);
1001 	xo_emit("{:kernel-threads/%9u} {N:kernel threads created}\n",
1002 	    sum.v_kthreads);
1003 	xo_emit("{:forks/%9u} {N: fork() calls}\n", sum.v_forks);
1004 	xo_emit("{:vforks/%9u} {N:vfork() calls}\n",
1005 	    sum.v_vforks);
1006 	xo_emit("{:rforks/%9u} {N:rfork() calls}\n",
1007 	    sum.v_rforks);
1008 	xo_emit("{:swap-ins/%9u} {N:swap pager pageins}\n",
1009 	    sum.v_swapin);
1010 	xo_emit("{:swap-in-pages/%9u} {N:swap pager pages paged in}\n",
1011 	    sum.v_swappgsin);
1012 	xo_emit("{:swap-outs/%9u} {N:swap pager pageouts}\n",
1013 	    sum.v_swapout);
1014 	xo_emit("{:swap-out-pages/%9u} {N:swap pager pages paged out}\n",
1015 	    sum.v_swappgsout);
1016 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-ins/%9u} {N:vnode pager pageins}\n",
1017 	    sum.v_vnodein);
1018 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-in-pages/%9u} {N:vnode pager pages paged in}\n",
1019 	    sum.v_vnodepgsin);
1020 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-outs/%9u} {N:vnode pager pageouts}\n",
1021 	    sum.v_vnodeout);
1022 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-out-pages/%9u} {N:vnode pager pages paged out}\n",
1023 	    sum.v_vnodepgsout);
1024 	xo_emit("{:page-daemon-wakeups/%9u} {N:page daemon wakeups}\n",
1025 	    sum.v_pdwakeups);
1026 	xo_emit("{:page-daemon-pages/%9u} {N:pages examined by the page "
1027 	    "daemon}\n", sum.v_pdpages);
1028 	xo_emit("{:page-reclamation-shortfalls/%9u} {N:clean page reclamation "
1029 	    "shortfalls}\n", sum.v_pdshortfalls);
1030 	xo_emit("{:reactivated/%9u} {N:pages reactivated by the page daemon}\n",
1031 	    sum.v_reactivated);
1032 	xo_emit("{:copy-on-write-faults/%9u} {N:copy-on-write faults}\n",
1033 	    sum.v_cow_faults);
1034 	xo_emit("{:copy-on-write-optimized-faults/%9u} {N:copy-on-write "
1035 	    "optimized faults}\n", sum.v_cow_optim);
1036 	xo_emit("{:zero-fill-pages/%9u} {N:zero fill pages zeroed}\n",
1037 	    sum.v_zfod);
1038 	xo_emit("{:zero-fill-prezeroed/%9u} {N:zero fill pages prezeroed}\n",
1039 	    sum.v_ozfod);
1040 	xo_emit("{:intransit-blocking/%9u} {N:intransit blocking page faults}\n",
1041 	    sum.v_intrans);
1042 	xo_emit("{:total-faults/%9u} {N:total VM faults taken}\n",
1043 	    sum.v_vm_faults);
1044 	xo_emit("{:faults-requiring-io/%9u} {N:page faults requiring I\\/O}\n",
1045 	    sum.v_io_faults);
1046 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-thread-creation/%9u} {N:pages affected by "
1047 	    "kernel thread creation}\n", sum.v_kthreadpages);
1048 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-fork/%9u} {N:pages affected by  fork}()\n",
1049 	    sum.v_forkpages);
1050 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-vfork/%9u} {N:pages affected by vfork}()\n",
1051 	    sum.v_vforkpages);
1052 	xo_emit("{:pages-rfork/%9u} {N:pages affected by rfork}()\n",
1053 	    sum.v_rforkpages);
1054 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed/%9u} {N:pages freed}\n",
1055 	    sum.v_tfree);
1056 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed-by-daemon/%9u} {N:pages freed by daemon}\n",
1057 	    sum.v_dfree);
1058 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed-on-exit/%9u} {N:pages freed by exiting processes}\n",
1059 	    sum.v_pfree);
1060 	xo_emit("{:active-pages/%9u} {N:pages active}\n",
1061 	    sum.v_active_count);
1062 	xo_emit("{:inactive-pages/%9u} {N:pages inactive}\n",
1063 	    sum.v_inactive_count);
1064 	xo_emit("{:laundry-pages/%9u} {N:pages in the laundry queue}\n",
1065 	    sum.v_laundry_count);
1066 	xo_emit("{:wired-pages/%9u} {N:pages wired down}\n",
1067 	    sum.v_wire_count);
1068 	xo_emit("{:virtual-user-wired-pages/%9lu} {N:virtual user pages wired "
1069 	    "down}\n", sum.v_user_wire_count);
1070 	xo_emit("{:free-pages/%9u} {N:pages free}\n",
1071 	    sum.v_free_count);
1072 	xo_emit("{:bytes-per-page/%9u} {N:bytes per page}\n", sum.v_page_size);
1073 	if (kd != NULL) {
1074 		kread(X_NCHSTATS, &lnchstats, sizeof(lnchstats));
1075 	} else {
1076 		size = sizeof(lnchstats);
1077 		mysysctl("vfs.cache.nchstats", &lnchstats, &size);
1078 		if (size != sizeof(lnchstats))
1079 			xo_errx(1, "vfs.cache.nchstats size mismatch");
1080 	}
1081 	nchtotal = lnchstats.ncs_goodhits + lnchstats.ncs_neghits +
1082 	    lnchstats.ncs_badhits + lnchstats.ncs_falsehits +
1083 	    lnchstats.ncs_miss + lnchstats.ncs_long;
1084 	xo_emit("{:total-name-lookups/%9ld} {N:total name lookups}\n",
1085 	    nchtotal);
1086 	xo_emit("{P:/%9s} {N:cache hits} "
1087 	    "({:positive-cache-hits/%ld}% pos + "
1088 	    "{:negative-cache-hits/%ld}% {N:neg}) "
1089 	    "system {:cache-hit-percent/%ld}% per-directory\n",
1090 	    "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
1091 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
1092 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
1093 	xo_emit("{P:/%9s} {L:deletions} {:deletions/%ld}%, "
1094 	    "{L:falsehits} {:false-hits/%ld}%, "
1095 	    "{L:toolong} {:too-long/%ld}%\n", "",
1096 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
1097 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
1098 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
1099 	xo_close_container("summary-statistics");
1100 }
1101 
1102 static void
1103 doforkst(void)
1104 {
1105 
1106 	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
1107 	xo_open_container("fork-statistics");
1108 	xo_emit("{:fork/%u} {N:forks}, {:fork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1109 	    "{L:average} {:fork-average/%.2f}\n",
1110 	    sum.v_forks, sum.v_forkpages,
1111 	    sum.v_forks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1112 	    (double)sum.v_forkpages / sum.v_forks);
1113 	xo_emit("{:vfork/%u} {N:vforks}, {:vfork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1114 	    "{L:average} {:vfork-average/%.2f}\n",
1115 	    sum.v_vforks, sum.v_vforkpages,
1116 	    sum.v_vforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1117 	    (double)sum.v_vforkpages / sum.v_vforks);
1118 	xo_emit("{:rfork/%u} {N:rforks}, {:rfork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1119 	    "{L:average} {:rfork-average/%.2f}\n",
1120 	    sum.v_rforks, sum.v_rforkpages,
1121 	    sum.v_rforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1122 	    (double)sum.v_rforkpages / sum.v_rforks);
1123 	xo_close_container("fork-statistics");
1124 }
1125 
1126 static void
1127 devstats(void)
1128 {
1129 	long double busy_seconds, transfers_per_second;
1130 	long tmp;
1131 	int di, dn, state;
1132 
1133 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
1134 		tmp = cur.cp_time[state];
1135 		cur.cp_time[state] -= last.cp_time[state];
1136 		last.cp_time[state] = tmp;
1137 	}
1138 
1139 	busy_seconds = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time;
1140 
1141 	xo_open_list("device");
1142 	for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
1143 		if (dev_select[dn].selected == 0 ||
1144 		    dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs)
1145 			continue;
1146 
1147 		di = dev_select[dn].position;
1148 
1149 		if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
1150 		    &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
1151 		    DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
1152 		    DSM_NONE) != 0)
1153 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
1154 
1155 		xo_open_instance("device");
1156 		xo_emit("{ekq:name/%s%d}",
1157 		    dev_select[dn].device_name,
1158 		    dev_select[dn].unit_number);
1159 		if (hflag) {
1160 			prthuman("transfers", (uint64_t)transfers_per_second,
1161 			    5, HN_DIVISOR_1000);
1162 		} else {
1163 			xo_emit("{:transfers/%3.0Lf}", transfers_per_second);
1164 		}
1165 		xo_close_instance("device");
1166 	}
1167 	xo_close_list("device");
1168 }
1169 
1170 static void
1171 percent(const char *name, double pctv, int *over)
1172 {
1173 	int l;
1174 	char buf[10];
1175 	char fmt[128];
1176 
1177 	snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), " {:%s/%%*s}", name);
1178 	l = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.0f", pctv);
1179 	if (l == 1 && *over) {
1180 		xo_emit(fmt, 1, buf);
1181 		(*over)--;
1182 	} else
1183 		xo_emit(fmt, 2, buf);
1184 	if (l > 2)
1185 		(*over)++;
1186 }
1187 
1188 static void
1189 cpustats(void)
1190 {
1191 	double lpct, total;
1192 	int state, over;
1193 
1194 	total = 0;
1195 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
1196 		total += cur.cp_time[state];
1197 	if (total > 0)
1198 		lpct = 100.0 / total;
1199 	else
1200 		lpct = 0.0;
1201 	over = 0;
1202 	xo_open_container("cpu-statistics");
1203 	percent("user", (cur.cp_time[CP_USER] + cur.cp_time[CP_NICE]) * lpct,
1204 	    &over);
1205 	percent("system", (cur.cp_time[CP_SYS] + cur.cp_time[CP_INTR]) * lpct,
1206 	    &over);
1207 	percent("idle", cur.cp_time[CP_IDLE] * lpct, &over);
1208 	xo_close_container("cpu-statistics");
1209 }
1210 
1211 static void
1212 pcpustats(u_long cpumask, int maxid)
1213 {
1214 	double lpct, total;
1215 	long tmp;
1216 	int i, over, state;
1217 
1218 	/* devstats does this for cp_time */
1219 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
1220 		if ((cpumask & (1ul << i)) == 0)
1221 			continue;
1222 		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
1223 			tmp = cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1224 			cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] -= last_cp_times[i *
1225 			    CPUSTATES + state];
1226 			last_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] = tmp;
1227 		}
1228 	}
1229 
1230 	over = 0;
1231 	xo_open_list("cpu");
1232 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
1233 		if ((cpumask & (1ul << i)) == 0)
1234 			continue;
1235 		xo_open_instance("cpu");
1236 		xo_emit("{ke:name/%d}", i);
1237 		total = 0;
1238 		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
1239 			total += cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1240 		if (total)
1241 			lpct = 100.0 / total;
1242 		else
1243 			lpct = 0.0;
1244 		percent("user", (cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER] +
1245 		    cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE]) * lpct, &over);
1246 		percent("system", (cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS] +
1247 		    cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR]) * lpct, &over);
1248 		percent("idle", cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE] * lpct,
1249 		    &over);
1250 		xo_close_instance("cpu");
1251 	}
1252 	xo_close_list("cpu");
1253 }
1254 
1255 static unsigned int
1256 read_intrcnts(unsigned long **intrcnts)
1257 {
1258 	size_t intrcntlen;
1259 	uintptr_t kaddr;
1260 
1261 	if (kd != NULL) {
1262 		kread(X_SINTRCNT, &intrcntlen, sizeof(intrcntlen));
1263 		if ((*intrcnts = malloc(intrcntlen)) == NULL)
1264 			err(1, "malloc()");
1265 		if (namelist[X_NINTRCNT].n_type == 0)
1266 			kread(X_INTRCNT, *intrcnts, intrcntlen);
1267 		else {
1268 			kread(X_INTRCNT, &kaddr, sizeof(kaddr));
1269 			kreadptr(kaddr, *intrcnts, intrcntlen);
1270 		}
1271 	} else {
1272 		for (*intrcnts = NULL, intrcntlen = 1024; ; intrcntlen *= 2) {
1273 			*intrcnts = reallocf(*intrcnts, intrcntlen);
1274 			if (*intrcnts == NULL)
1275 				err(1, "reallocf()");
1276 			if (mysysctl("hw.intrcnt", *intrcnts, &intrcntlen) == 0)
1277 				break;
1278 		}
1279 	}
1280 
1281 	return (intrcntlen / sizeof(unsigned long));
1282 }
1283 
1284 static void
1285 print_intrcnts(unsigned long *intrcnts, unsigned long *old_intrcnts,
1286     char *intrnames, unsigned int nintr, size_t istrnamlen, long long period_ms)
1287 {
1288 	uint64_t inttotal, old_inttotal, total_count, total_rate;
1289 	unsigned long count, rate;
1290 	unsigned int i;
1291 
1292 	inttotal = 0;
1293 	old_inttotal = 0;
1294 	xo_open_list("interrupt");
1295 	for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) {
1296 		if (intrnames[0] != '\0' && (*intrcnts != 0 || aflag)) {
1297 			count = *intrcnts - *old_intrcnts;
1298 			rate = ((uint64_t)count * 1000 + period_ms / 2) / period_ms;
1299 			xo_open_instance("interrupt");
1300 			xo_emit("{d:name/%-*s}{ket:name/%s} "
1301 			    "{:total/%20lu} {:rate/%10lu}\n",
1302 			    (int)istrnamlen, intrnames, intrnames, count, rate);
1303 			xo_close_instance("interrupt");
1304 		}
1305 		intrnames += strlen(intrnames) + 1;
1306 		inttotal += *intrcnts++;
1307 		old_inttotal += *old_intrcnts++;
1308 	}
1309 	total_count = inttotal - old_inttotal;
1310 	total_rate = (total_count * 1000 + period_ms / 2) / period_ms;
1311 	xo_close_list("interrupt");
1312 	xo_emit("{L:/%-*s} {:total-interrupts/%20ju} "
1313 	    "{:total-rate/%10ju}\n", (int)istrnamlen,
1314 	    "Total", (uintmax_t)total_count, (uintmax_t)total_rate);
1315 }
1316 
1317 static void
1318 dointr(unsigned int interval, int reps)
1319 {
1320 	unsigned long *intrcnts, *old_intrcnts;
1321 	char *intrname, *intrnames;
1322 	long long period_ms, old_uptime, uptime;
1323 	size_t clen, inamlen, istrnamlen;
1324 	uintptr_t kaddr;
1325 	unsigned int nintr;
1326 
1327 	old_intrcnts = NULL;
1328 	uptime = getuptime();
1329 
1330 	/* Get the names of each interrupt source */
1331 	if (kd != NULL) {
1332 		kread(X_SINTRNAMES, &inamlen, sizeof(inamlen));
1333 		if ((intrnames = malloc(inamlen)) == NULL)
1334 			xo_err(1, "malloc()");
1335 		if (namelist[X_NINTRCNT].n_type == 0)
1336 			kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrnames, inamlen);
1337 		else {
1338 			kread(X_INTRNAMES, &kaddr, sizeof(kaddr));
1339 			kreadptr(kaddr, intrnames, inamlen);
1340 		}
1341 	} else {
1342 		for (intrnames = NULL, inamlen = 1024; ; inamlen *= 2) {
1343 			if ((intrnames = reallocf(intrnames, inamlen)) == NULL)
1344 				xo_err(1, "reallocf()");
1345 			if (mysysctl("hw.intrnames", intrnames, &inamlen) == 0)
1346 				break;
1347 		}
1348 	}
1349 
1350 	/* Determine the length of the longest interrupt name */
1351 	intrname = intrnames;
1352 	istrnamlen = strlen("interrupt");
1353 	while (intrname < intrnames + inamlen) {
1354 		clen = strlen(intrname);
1355 		if (clen > istrnamlen)
1356 			istrnamlen = clen;
1357 		intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
1358 	}
1359 	xo_emit("{T:/%-*s} {T:/%20s} {T:/%10s}\n",
1360 	    (int)istrnamlen, "interrupt", "total", "rate");
1361 
1362 	/*
1363 	 * Loop reps times printing differential interrupt counts.  If reps is
1364 	 * zero, then run just once, printing total counts
1365 	 */
1366 	xo_open_container("interrupt-statistics");
1367 
1368 	period_ms = uptime / 1000000;
1369 	while(1) {
1370 		nintr = read_intrcnts(&intrcnts);
1371 		/*
1372 		 * Initialize old_intrcnts to 0 for the first pass, so
1373 		 * print_intrcnts will print total interrupts since boot
1374 		 */
1375 		if (old_intrcnts == NULL) {
1376 			old_intrcnts = calloc(nintr, sizeof(unsigned long));
1377 			if (old_intrcnts == NULL)
1378 				xo_err(1, "calloc()");
1379 		}
1380 
1381 		print_intrcnts(intrcnts, old_intrcnts, intrnames, nintr,
1382 		    istrnamlen, period_ms);
1383 		xo_flush();
1384 
1385 		free(old_intrcnts);
1386 		old_intrcnts = intrcnts;
1387 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
1388 			break;
1389 		usleep(interval * 1000);
1390 		old_uptime = uptime;
1391 		uptime = getuptime();
1392 		period_ms = (uptime - old_uptime) / 1000000;
1393 	}
1394 
1395 	xo_close_container("interrupt-statistics");
1396 }
1397 
1398 static void
1399 domemstat_malloc(void)
1400 {
1401 	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1402 	struct memory_type *mtp;
1403 	size_t i, zones;
1404 	int error, first;
1405 
1406 	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1407 	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1408 		xo_warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1409 		return;
1410 	}
1411 	if (kd == NULL) {
1412 		if (memstat_sysctl_malloc(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1413 			xo_warnx("memstat_sysctl_malloc: %s",
1414 			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1415 			return;
1416 		}
1417 	} else {
1418 		if (memstat_kvm_malloc(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1419 			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1420 			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1421 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1422 				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1423 			else
1424 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1425 				    memstat_strerror(error));
1426 		}
1427 	}
1428 	xo_open_container("malloc-statistics");
1429 	xo_emit("{T:/%13s} {T:/%5s} {T:/%6s} {T:/%8s}  {T:Size(s)}\n",
1430 	    "Type", "InUse", "MemUse", "Requests");
1431 	xo_open_list("memory");
1432 	zones = memstat_malloc_zone_get_count();
1433 	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1434 	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1435 		if (memstat_get_numallocs(mtp) == 0 &&
1436 		    memstat_get_count(mtp) == 0)
1437 			continue;
1438 		xo_open_instance("memory");
1439 		xo_emit("{k:type/%13s/%s} {:in-use/%5ju} "
1440 		    "{:memory-use/%5ju}{U:K} {:requests/%8ju}  ",
1441 		    memstat_get_name(mtp), (uintmax_t)memstat_get_count(mtp),
1442 		    ((uintmax_t)memstat_get_bytes(mtp) + 1023) / 1024,
1443 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_numallocs(mtp));
1444 		first = 1;
1445 		xo_open_list("size");
1446 		for (i = 0; i < zones; i++) {
1447 			if (memstat_malloc_zone_used(mtp, i)) {
1448 				if (!first)
1449 					xo_emit(",");
1450 				xo_emit("{l:size/%d}", memstat_malloc_zone_get_size(i));
1451 				first = 0;
1452 			}
1453 		}
1454 		xo_close_list("size");
1455 		xo_close_instance("memory");
1456 		xo_emit("\n");
1457 	}
1458 	xo_close_list("memory");
1459 	xo_close_container("malloc-statistics");
1460 	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1461 }
1462 
1463 static void
1464 domemstat_zone(void)
1465 {
1466 	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1467 	struct memory_type *mtp;
1468 	int error;
1469 	char name[MEMTYPE_MAXNAME + 1];
1470 
1471 	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1472 	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1473 		xo_warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1474 		return;
1475 	}
1476 	if (kd == NULL) {
1477 		if (memstat_sysctl_uma(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1478 			xo_warnx("memstat_sysctl_uma: %s",
1479 			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1480 			return;
1481 		}
1482 	} else {
1483 		if (memstat_kvm_uma(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1484 			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1485 			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1486 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1487 				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1488 			else
1489 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1490 				    memstat_strerror(error));
1491 		}
1492 	}
1493 	xo_open_container("memory-zone-statistics");
1494 	xo_emit("{T:/%-20s} {T:/%6s} {T:/%6s} {T:/%8s} {T:/%8s} {T:/%8s} {T:/%8s}"
1495 	    "{T:/%4s} {T:/%4s}\n", "ITEM", "SIZE",
1496 	    "LIMIT", "USED", "FREE", "REQ", "FAIL", "SLEEP", "XDOMAIN");
1497 	xo_open_list("zone");
1498 	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1499 	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1500 		strlcpy(name, memstat_get_name(mtp), MEMTYPE_MAXNAME);
1501 		strcat(name, ":");
1502 		xo_open_instance("zone");
1503 		xo_emit("{d:name/%-20s}{ke:name/%s} {:size/%6ju}, "
1504 		    "{:limit/%6ju},{:used/%8ju},"
1505 		    "{:free/%8ju},{:requests/%8ju},"
1506 		    "{:fail/%4ju},{:sleep/%4ju},{:xdomain/%4ju}\n", name,
1507 		    memstat_get_name(mtp),
1508 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_size(mtp),
1509 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_countlimit(mtp),
1510 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_count(mtp),
1511 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_free(mtp),
1512 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_numallocs(mtp),
1513 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_failures(mtp),
1514 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_sleeps(mtp),
1515 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_xdomain(mtp));
1516 		xo_close_instance("zone");
1517 	}
1518 	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1519 	xo_close_list("zone");
1520 	xo_close_container("memory-zone-statistics");
1521 }
1522 
1523 static void
1524 display_object(struct kinfo_vmobject *kvo)
1525 {
1526 	const char *str;
1527 
1528 	xo_open_instance("object");
1529 	xo_emit("{:resident/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_resident);
1530 	xo_emit("{:active/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_active);
1531 	xo_emit("{:inactive/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_inactive);
1532 	xo_emit("{:refcount/%3d} ", kvo->kvo_ref_count);
1533 	xo_emit("{:shadowcount/%3d} ", kvo->kvo_shadow_count);
1534 
1535 #define	MEMATTR_STR(type, val)					\
1536 	if (kvo->kvo_memattr == (type)) {			\
1537 		str = (val);					\
1538 	} else
1539 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE
1540 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE, "UC")
1541 #endif
1542 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_COMBINING
1543 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_COMBINING, "WC")
1544 #endif
1545 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_THROUGH
1546 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_THROUGH, "WT")
1547 #endif
1548 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_PROTECTED
1549 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_PROTECTED, "WP")
1550 #endif
1551 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_BACK
1552 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_BACK, "WB")
1553 #endif
1554 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WEAK_UNCACHEABLE
1555 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WEAK_UNCACHEABLE, "UC-")
1556 #endif
1557 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WB_WA
1558 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WB_WA, "WB")
1559 #endif
1560 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_NOCACHE
1561 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_NOCACHE, "NC")
1562 #endif
1563 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE
1564 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE, "DEV")
1565 #endif
1566 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE_NP
1567 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE, "NP")
1568 #endif
1569 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_CACHEABLE
1570 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_CACHEABLE, "C")
1571 #endif
1572 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_PREFETCHABLE
1573 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_PREFETCHABLE, "PRE")
1574 #endif
1575 	{
1576 		str = "??";
1577 	}
1578 #undef MEMATTR_STR
1579 	xo_emit("{:attribute/%-3s} ", str);
1580 	switch (kvo->kvo_type) {
1581 	case KVME_TYPE_NONE:
1582 		str = "--";
1583 		break;
1584 	case KVME_TYPE_DEFAULT:
1585 		str = "df";
1586 		break;
1587 	case KVME_TYPE_VNODE:
1588 		str = "vn";
1589 		break;
1590 	case KVME_TYPE_SWAP:
1591 		str = "sw";
1592 		break;
1593 	case KVME_TYPE_DEVICE:
1594 		str = "dv";
1595 		break;
1596 	case KVME_TYPE_PHYS:
1597 		str = "ph";
1598 		break;
1599 	case KVME_TYPE_DEAD:
1600 		str = "dd";
1601 		break;
1602 	case KVME_TYPE_SG:
1603 		str = "sg";
1604 		break;
1605 	case KVME_TYPE_MGTDEVICE:
1606 		str = "md";
1607 		break;
1608 	case KVME_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
1609 	default:
1610 		str = "??";
1611 		break;
1612 	}
1613 	xo_emit("{:type/%-2s} ", str);
1614 	xo_emit("{:path/%-s}\n", kvo->kvo_path);
1615 	xo_close_instance("object");
1616 }
1617 
1618 static void
1619 doobjstat(void)
1620 {
1621 	struct kinfo_vmobject *kvo;
1622 	int cnt, i;
1623 
1624 	kvo = kinfo_getvmobject(&cnt);
1625 	if (kvo == NULL) {
1626 		xo_warn("Failed to fetch VM object list");
1627 		return;
1628 	}
1629 	xo_emit("{T:RES/%5s} {T:ACT/%5s} {T:INACT/%5s} {T:REF/%3s} {T:SHD/%3s} "
1630 	    "{T:CM/%3s} {T:TP/%2s} {T:PATH/%s}\n");
1631 	xo_open_list("object");
1632 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
1633 		display_object(&kvo[i]);
1634 	free(kvo);
1635 	xo_close_list("object");
1636 }
1637 
1638 /*
1639  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
1640  */
1641 static void
1642 kreado(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size, size_t offset)
1643 {
1644 	const char *sym;
1645 
1646 	if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
1647 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1648 		if (*sym == '_')
1649 			++sym;
1650 		xo_errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
1651 	}
1652 	if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value + offset, addr,
1653 	    size) != size) {
1654 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1655 		if (*sym == '_')
1656 			++sym;
1657 		xo_errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
1658 	}
1659 }
1660 
1661 static void
1662 kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
1663 {
1664 
1665 	kreado(nlx, addr, size, 0);
1666 }
1667 
1668 static void
1669 kreadptr(uintptr_t addr, void *buf, size_t size)
1670 {
1671 
1672 	if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, addr, buf, size) != size)
1673 		xo_errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
1674 }
1675 
1676 static void __dead2
1677 usage(void)
1678 {
1679 	xo_error("%s%s",
1680 	    "usage: vmstat [-afHhimoPsz] [-M core [-N system]] [-c count] [-n devs]\n",
1681 	    "              [-p type,if,pass] [-w wait] [disks] [wait [count]]\n");
1682 	xo_finish();
1683 	exit(1);
1684 }
1685