xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c (revision 1e413cf93298b5b97441a21d9a50fdcd0ee9945e)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993\n\
37 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #if 0
41 #ifndef lint
42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)vmstat.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
43 #endif /* not lint */
44 #endif
45 
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 #include <sys/param.h>
50 #include <sys/time.h>
51 #include <sys/proc.h>
52 #include <sys/uio.h>
53 #include <sys/namei.h>
54 #include <sys/malloc.h>
55 #include <sys/signal.h>
56 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
57 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
58 #include <sys/resource.h>
59 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
60 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
61 
62 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
63 
64 #include <ctype.h>
65 #include <devstat.h>
66 #include <err.h>
67 #include <errno.h>
68 #include <kvm.h>
69 #include <limits.h>
70 #include <memstat.h>
71 #include <nlist.h>
72 #include <paths.h>
73 #include <stdio.h>
74 #include <stdlib.h>
75 #include <string.h>
76 #include <sysexits.h>
77 #include <time.h>
78 #include <unistd.h>
79 #include <libutil.h>
80 
81 static char da[] = "da";
82 
83 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
84 #define	X_CPTIME	0
85 	{ "_cp_time" },
86 #define X_SUM		1
87 	{ "_cnt" },
88 #define	X_BOOTTIME	2
89 	{ "_boottime" },
90 #define X_HZ		3
91 	{ "_hz" },
92 #define X_STATHZ	4
93 	{ "_stathz" },
94 #define X_NCHSTATS	5
95 	{ "_nchstats" },
96 #define	X_INTRNAMES	6
97 	{ "_intrnames" },
98 #define	X_EINTRNAMES	7
99 	{ "_eintrnames" },
100 #define	X_INTRCNT	8
101 	{ "_intrcnt" },
102 #define	X_EINTRCNT	9
103 	{ "_eintrcnt" },
104 #define	X_KMEMSTATS	10
105 	{ "_kmemstatistics" },
106 #define	X_KMEMZONES	11
107 	{ "_kmemzones" },
108 #ifdef notyet
109 #define	X_DEFICIT	XXX
110 	{ "_deficit" },
111 #define X_REC		XXX
112 	{ "_rectime" },
113 #define X_PGIN		XXX
114 	{ "_pgintime" },
115 #define	X_XSTATS	XXX
116 	{ "_xstats" },
117 #define X_END		XXX
118 #else
119 #define X_END		12
120 #endif
121 	{ "" },
122 };
123 
124 static struct statinfo cur, last;
125 static int num_devices, maxshowdevs;
126 static long generation;
127 static struct device_selection *dev_select;
128 static int num_selected;
129 static struct devstat_match *matches;
130 static int num_matches = 0;
131 static int num_devices_specified, num_selections;
132 static long select_generation;
133 static char **specified_devices;
134 static devstat_select_mode select_mode;
135 
136 static struct	vmmeter sum, osum;
137 
138 static int	winlines = 20;
139 static int	aflag;
140 static int	nflag;
141 static int	Pflag;
142 static int	hflag;
143 
144 static kvm_t   *kd;
145 
146 #define	FORKSTAT	0x01
147 #define	INTRSTAT	0x02
148 #define	MEMSTAT		0x04
149 #define	SUMSTAT		0x08
150 #define	TIMESTAT	0x10
151 #define	VMSTAT		0x20
152 #define ZMEMSTAT	0x40
153 
154 static void	cpustats(void);
155 static void	pcpustats(int, u_long, int);
156 static void	devstats(void);
157 static void	doforkst(void);
158 static void	dointr(void);
159 static void	dosum(void);
160 static void	dovmstat(unsigned int, int);
161 static void	domemstat_malloc(void);
162 static void	domemstat_zone(void);
163 static void	kread(int, void *, size_t);
164 static void	kreado(int, void *, size_t, size_t);
165 static char    *kgetstr(const char *);
166 static void	needhdr(int);
167 static void	printhdr(int, u_long);
168 static void	usage(void);
169 
170 static long	pct(long, long);
171 static long	getuptime(void);
172 
173 static char   **getdrivedata(char **);
174 
175 int
176 main(int argc, char *argv[])
177 {
178 	int c, todo;
179 	unsigned int interval;
180 	int reps;
181 	char *memf, *nlistf;
182 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
183 
184 	memf = nlistf = NULL;
185 	interval = reps = todo = 0;
186 	maxshowdevs = 2;
187 	hflag = isatty(1);
188 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ac:fhHiM:mN:n:Pp:stw:z")) != -1) {
189 		switch (c) {
190 		case 'a':
191 			aflag++;
192 			break;
193 		case 'c':
194 			reps = atoi(optarg);
195 			break;
196 		case 'P':
197 			Pflag++;
198 			break;
199 		case 'f':
200 			todo |= FORKSTAT;
201 			break;
202 		case 'h':
203 			hflag = 1;
204 			break;
205 		case 'H':
206 			hflag = 0;
207 			break;
208 		case 'i':
209 			todo |= INTRSTAT;
210 			break;
211 		case 'M':
212 			memf = optarg;
213 			break;
214 		case 'm':
215 			todo |= MEMSTAT;
216 			break;
217 		case 'N':
218 			nlistf = optarg;
219 			break;
220 		case 'n':
221 			nflag = 1;
222 			maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
223 			if (maxshowdevs < 0)
224 				errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
225 				     maxshowdevs);
226 			break;
227 		case 'p':
228 			if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
229 				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
230 			break;
231 		case 's':
232 			todo |= SUMSTAT;
233 			break;
234 		case 't':
235 #ifdef notyet
236 			todo |= TIMESTAT;
237 #else
238 			errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet");
239 #endif
240 			break;
241 		case 'w':
242 			interval = atoi(optarg);
243 			break;
244 		case 'z':
245 			todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
246 			break;
247 		case '?':
248 		default:
249 			usage();
250 		}
251 	}
252 	argc -= optind;
253 	argv += optind;
254 
255 	if (todo == 0)
256 		todo = VMSTAT;
257 
258 	if (memf != NULL) {
259 		kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
260 		if (kd == NULL)
261 			errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
262 	}
263 
264 	if (kd != NULL && (c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
265 		if (c > 0) {
266 			warnx("undefined symbols:");
267 			for (c = 0;
268 			     c < (int)(sizeof(namelist)/sizeof(namelist[0]));
269 			     c++)
270 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
271 					(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s",
272 					    namelist[c].n_name);
273 			(void)fputc('\n', stderr);
274 		} else
275 			warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
276 		exit(1);
277 	}
278 	if (kd && Pflag)
279 		errx(1, "Cannot use -P with crash dumps");
280 
281 	if (todo & VMSTAT) {
282 		struct winsize winsize;
283 
284 		/*
285 		 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
286 		 * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
287 		 * message informing the user of his mistake.
288 		 */
289 		if (devstat_checkversion(NULL) < 0)
290 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
291 
292 
293 		argv = getdrivedata(argv);
294 		winsize.ws_row = 0;
295 		(void) ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&winsize);
296 		if (winsize.ws_row > 0)
297 			winlines = winsize.ws_row;
298 
299 	}
300 
301 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
302 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
303 	if (*argv) {
304 		interval = atoi(*argv);
305 		if (*++argv)
306 			reps = atoi(*argv);
307 	}
308 #endif
309 
310 	if (interval) {
311 		if (!reps)
312 			reps = -1;
313 	} else if (reps)
314 		interval = 1;
315 
316 	if (todo & FORKSTAT)
317 		doforkst();
318 	if (todo & MEMSTAT)
319 		domemstat_malloc();
320 	if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
321 		domemstat_zone();
322 	if (todo & SUMSTAT)
323 		dosum();
324 #ifdef notyet
325 	if (todo & TIMESTAT)
326 		dotimes();
327 #endif
328 	if (todo & INTRSTAT)
329 		dointr();
330 	if (todo & VMSTAT)
331 		dovmstat(interval, reps);
332 	exit(0);
333 }
334 
335 static int
336 mysysctl(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp,
337     void *newp, size_t newlen)
338 {
339 	int error;
340 
341 	error = sysctlbyname(name, oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen);
342 	if (error != 0 && errno != ENOMEM)
343 		err(1, "sysctl(%s)", name);
344 	return (error);
345 }
346 
347 static char **
348 getdrivedata(char **argv)
349 {
350 	if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(NULL)) < 0)
351 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
352 
353 	cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
354 	last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
355 	bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
356 	bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
357 
358 	if (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur) == -1)
359 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
360 
361 	num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
362 	generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
363 
364 	specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
365 	for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
366 		if (isdigit(**argv))
367 			break;
368 		num_devices_specified++;
369 		specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
370 						     sizeof(char *) *
371 						     num_devices_specified);
372 		specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
373 	}
374 	dev_select = NULL;
375 
376 	if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
377 			maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
378 
379 	/*
380 	 * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
381 	 * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
382 	 * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
383 	 * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
384 	 * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
385 	 * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
386 	 * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
387 	 * those devices.
388 	 */
389 	if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
390 		if (devstat_buildmatch(da, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
391 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
392 
393 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
394 	} else
395 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
396 
397 	/*
398 	 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
399 	 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
400 	 * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
401 	 */
402 	if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
403 		       &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
404 		       num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
405 		       num_devices_specified, select_mode,
406 		       maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
407 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
408 
409 	return(argv);
410 }
411 
412 static long
413 getuptime(void)
414 {
415 	struct timespec sp;
416 	time_t uptime;
417 
418 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &sp);
419 	uptime = sp.tv_sec;
420 	if (uptime <= 0 || uptime > 60*60*24*365*10)
421 		errx(1, "time makes no sense; namelist must be wrong");
422 
423 	return(uptime);
424 }
425 
426 static void
427 fill_vmmeter(struct vmmeter *vmmp)
428 {
429 	if (kd != NULL) {
430 		kread(X_SUM, vmmp, sizeof(*vmmp));
431 	} else {
432 		size_t size = sizeof(unsigned int);
433 #define GET_VM_STATS(cat, name) \
434 	mysysctl("vm.stats." #cat "." #name, &vmmp->name, &size, NULL, 0)
435 		/* sys */
436 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_swtch);
437 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_trap);
438 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_syscall);
439 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_intr);
440 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_soft);
441 
442 		/* vm */
443 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vm_faults);
444 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_faults);
445 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_optim);
446 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_zfod);
447 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_ozfod);
448 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapin);
449 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapout);
450 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsin);
451 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsout);
452 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodein);
453 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodeout);
454 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsin);
455 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsout);
456 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_intrans);
457 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_reactivated);
458 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdwakeups);
459 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdpages);
460 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_tcached);
461 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_dfree);
462 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pfree);
463 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_tfree);
464 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_size);
465 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_count);
466 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_reserved);
467 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_target);
468 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_min);
469 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_count);
470 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_wire_count);
471 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_active_count);
472 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_target);
473 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_count);
474 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_count);
475 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_min);
476 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_max);
477 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pageout_free_min);
478 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_interrupt_free_min);
479 		/*GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_severe);*/
480 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forks);
481 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforks);
482 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforks);
483 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreads);
484 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forkpages);
485 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforkpages);
486 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforkpages);
487 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreadpages);
488 #undef GET_VM_STATS
489 	}
490 }
491 
492 static void
493 fill_vmtotal(struct vmtotal *vmtp)
494 {
495 	if (kd != NULL) {
496 		/* XXX fill vmtp */
497 		errx(1, "not implemented");
498 	} else {
499 		size_t size = sizeof(*vmtp);
500 		mysysctl("vm.vmtotal", vmtp, &size, NULL, 0);
501 		if (size != sizeof(*vmtp))
502 			errx(1, "vm.total size mismatch");
503 	}
504 }
505 
506 /* Determine how many cpu columns, and what index they are in kern.cp_times */
507 static int
508 getcpuinfo(u_long *maskp, int *maxidp)
509 {
510 	int maxcpu;
511 	int maxid;
512 	int ncpus;
513 	int i, j;
514 	int empty;
515 	size_t size;
516 	long *times;
517 	u_long mask;
518 
519 	if (kd != NULL)
520 		errx(1, "not implemented");
521 	mask = 0;
522 	ncpus = 0;
523 	size = sizeof(maxcpu);
524 	mysysctl("kern.smp.maxcpus", &maxcpu, &size, NULL, 0);
525 	if (size != sizeof(maxcpu))
526 		errx(1, "sysctl kern.smp.maxcpus");
527 	size = sizeof(long) * maxcpu * CPUSTATES;
528 	times = malloc(size);
529 	if (times == NULL)
530 		err(1, "malloc %zd bytes", size);
531 	mysysctl("kern.cp_times", times, &size, NULL, 0);
532 	maxid = (size / CPUSTATES / sizeof(long)) - 1;
533 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
534 		empty = 1;
535 		for (j = 0; empty && j < CPUSTATES; j++) {
536 			if (times[i * CPUSTATES + j] != 0)
537 				empty = 0;
538 		}
539 		if (!empty) {
540 			mask |= (1ul << i);
541 			ncpus++;
542 		}
543 	}
544 	if (maskp)
545 		*maskp = mask;
546 	if (maxidp)
547 		*maxidp = maxid;
548 	return (ncpus);
549 }
550 
551 
552 static void
553 prthuman(u_int64_t val, int size)
554 {
555 	char buf[10];
556 	int flags;
557 
558 	if (size < 5 || size > 9)
559 		errx(1, "doofus");
560 	flags = HN_B | HN_NOSPACE | HN_DECIMAL;
561 	humanize_number(buf, size, val, "", HN_AUTOSCALE, flags);
562 	printf("%*s", size, buf);
563 }
564 
565 static int hz, hdrcnt;
566 
567 static long *cur_cp_times;
568 static long *last_cp_times;
569 static size_t size_cp_times;
570 
571 static void
572 dovmstat(unsigned int interval, int reps)
573 {
574 	struct vmtotal total;
575 	time_t uptime, halfuptime;
576 	struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
577 	size_t size;
578 	int ncpus, maxid;
579 	u_long cpumask;
580 
581 	uptime = getuptime();
582 	halfuptime = uptime / 2;
583 	(void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
584 
585 	if (kd != NULL) {
586 		if (namelist[X_STATHZ].n_type != 0 &&
587 		    namelist[X_STATHZ].n_value != 0)
588 			kread(X_STATHZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
589 		if (!hz)
590 			kread(X_HZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
591 	} else {
592 		struct clockinfo clockrate;
593 
594 		size = sizeof(clockrate);
595 		mysysctl("kern.clockrate", &clockrate, &size, NULL, 0);
596 		if (size != sizeof(clockrate))
597 			errx(1, "clockrate size mismatch");
598 		hz = clockrate.hz;
599 	}
600 
601 	if (Pflag) {
602 		ncpus = getcpuinfo(&cpumask, &maxid);
603 		size_cp_times = sizeof(long) * (maxid + 1) * CPUSTATES;
604 		cur_cp_times = malloc(size_cp_times);
605 		last_cp_times = malloc(size_cp_times);
606 		bzero(cur_cp_times, size_cp_times);
607 		bzero(last_cp_times, size_cp_times);
608 	}
609 	for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
610 		if (!--hdrcnt)
611 			printhdr(ncpus, cpumask);
612 		if (kd != NULL) {
613 			kread(X_CPTIME, cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time));
614 		} else {
615 			size = sizeof(cur.cp_time);
616 			mysysctl("kern.cp_time", &cur.cp_time, &size, NULL, 0);
617 			if (size != sizeof(cur.cp_time))
618 				errx(1, "cp_time size mismatch");
619 		}
620 		if (Pflag) {
621 			size = size_cp_times;
622 			mysysctl("kern.cp_times", cur_cp_times, &size, NULL, 0);
623 			if (size != size_cp_times)
624 				errx(1, "cp_times mismatch");
625 		}
626 
627 		tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
628 		last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
629 		cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
630 		last.snap_time = cur.snap_time;
631 
632 		/*
633 		 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
634 		 * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
635 		 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
636 		 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
637 		 * were previously displaying has gone away.
638 		 */
639 		switch (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur)) {
640 		case -1:
641 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
642 			break;
643 		case 1: {
644 			int retval;
645 
646 			num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
647 			generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
648 
649 			retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
650 					    &num_selections, &select_generation,
651 					    generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
652 					    num_devices, matches, num_matches,
653 					    specified_devices,
654 					    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
655 					    maxshowdevs, 0);
656 			switch (retval) {
657 			case -1:
658 				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
659 				break;
660 			case 1:
661 				printhdr(ncpus, cpumask);
662 				break;
663 			default:
664 				break;
665 			}
666 		}
667 		default:
668 			break;
669 		}
670 
671 		fill_vmmeter(&sum);
672 		fill_vmtotal(&total);
673 		(void)printf("%2d %1d %1d",
674 		    total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw + total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
675 #define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((a) * (sum.v_page_size >> 10))
676 #define	rate(x)	(((x) + halfuptime) / uptime)	/* round */
677 		if (hflag) {
678 			printf(" ");
679 			prthuman(total.t_avm * (u_int64_t)sum.v_page_size, 7);
680 			printf(" ");
681 			prthuman(total.t_free * (u_int64_t)sum.v_page_size, 6);
682 			printf(" ");
683 		} else {
684 			printf(" %7d ", vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm));
685 			printf(" %6d ", vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
686 		}
687 		(void)printf("%5lu ",
688 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults));
689 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
690 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_reactivated - osum.v_reactivated));
691 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
692 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein -
693 		    (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein)));
694 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
695 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout -
696 		    (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout)));
697 		(void)printf("%5lu ",
698 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree));
699 		(void)printf("%3lu ",
700 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages));
701 		devstats();
702 		(void)printf("%4lu %4lu %4lu",
703 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr),
704 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall),
705 		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch));
706 		if (Pflag)
707 			pcpustats(ncpus, cpumask, maxid);
708 		else
709 			cpustats();
710 		(void)printf("\n");
711 		(void)fflush(stdout);
712 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
713 			break;
714 		osum = sum;
715 		uptime = interval;
716 		/*
717 		 * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
718 		 * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per second).
719 		 */
720 		if (interval != 1)
721 			halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
722 		else
723 			halfuptime = 0;
724 		(void)sleep(interval);
725 	}
726 }
727 
728 static void
729 printhdr(int ncpus, u_long cpumask)
730 {
731 	int i, num_shown;
732 
733 	num_shown = (num_selected < maxshowdevs) ? num_selected : maxshowdevs;
734 	(void)printf(" procs      memory      page%*s", 19, "");
735 	if (num_shown > 1)
736 		(void)printf(" disks %*s", num_shown * 4 - 7, "");
737 	else if (num_shown == 1)
738 		(void)printf("disk");
739 	(void)printf("   faults         ");
740 	if (Pflag) {
741 		for (i = 0; i < ncpus; i++) {
742 			if (cpumask && (1ul << i))
743 				printf("cpu%-2d    ", i);
744 		}
745 		printf("\n");
746 	} else
747 		printf("cpu\n");
748 	(void)printf(" r b w     avm    fre   flt  re  pi  po    fr  sr ");
749 	for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
750 		if ((dev_select[i].selected)
751 		 && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
752 			(void)printf("%c%c%d ", dev_select[i].device_name[0],
753 				     dev_select[i].device_name[1],
754 				     dev_select[i].unit_number);
755 	(void)printf("  in   sy   cs");
756 	if (Pflag) {
757 		for (i = 0; i < ncpus; i++)
758 			printf(" us sy id");
759 		printf("\n");
760 	} else
761 		printf(" us sy id\n");
762 	hdrcnt = winlines - 2;
763 }
764 
765 /*
766  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
767  */
768 static void
769 needhdr(int dummy __unused)
770 {
771 
772 	hdrcnt = 1;
773 }
774 
775 #ifdef notyet
776 static void
777 dotimes(void)
778 {
779 	unsigned int pgintime, rectime;
780 
781 	kread(X_REC, &rectime, sizeof(rectime));
782 	kread(X_PGIN, &pgintime, sizeof(pgintime));
783 	kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum));
784 	(void)printf("%u reclaims, %u total time (usec)\n",
785 	    sum.v_pgrec, rectime);
786 	(void)printf("average: %u usec / reclaim\n", rectime / sum.v_pgrec);
787 	(void)printf("\n");
788 	(void)printf("%u page ins, %u total time (msec)\n",
789 	    sum.v_pgin, pgintime / 10);
790 	(void)printf("average: %8.1f msec / page in\n",
791 	    pgintime / (sum.v_pgin * 10.0));
792 }
793 #endif
794 
795 static long
796 pct(long top, long bot)
797 {
798 	long ans;
799 
800 	if (bot == 0)
801 		return(0);
802 	ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
803 	return (ans);
804 }
805 
806 #define	PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
807 
808 static void
809 dosum(void)
810 {
811 	struct nchstats lnchstats;
812 	long nchtotal;
813 
814 	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
815 	(void)printf("%9u cpu context switches\n", sum.v_swtch);
816 	(void)printf("%9u device interrupts\n", sum.v_intr);
817 	(void)printf("%9u software interrupts\n", sum.v_soft);
818 	(void)printf("%9u traps\n", sum.v_trap);
819 	(void)printf("%9u system calls\n", sum.v_syscall);
820 	(void)printf("%9u kernel threads created\n", sum.v_kthreads);
821 	(void)printf("%9u  fork() calls\n", sum.v_forks);
822 	(void)printf("%9u vfork() calls\n", sum.v_vforks);
823 	(void)printf("%9u rfork() calls\n", sum.v_rforks);
824 	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pageins\n", sum.v_swapin);
825 	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_swappgsin);
826 	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pageouts\n", sum.v_swapout);
827 	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_swappgsout);
828 	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageins\n", sum.v_vnodein);
829 	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_vnodepgsin);
830 	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageouts\n", sum.v_vnodeout);
831 	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_vnodepgsout);
832 	(void)printf("%9u page daemon wakeups\n", sum.v_pdwakeups);
833 	(void)printf("%9u pages examined by the page daemon\n", sum.v_pdpages);
834 	(void)printf("%9u pages reactivated\n", sum.v_reactivated);
835 	(void)printf("%9u copy-on-write faults\n", sum.v_cow_faults);
836 	(void)printf("%9u copy-on-write optimized faults\n", sum.v_cow_optim);
837 	(void)printf("%9u zero fill pages zeroed\n", sum.v_zfod);
838 	(void)printf("%9u zero fill pages prezeroed\n", sum.v_ozfod);
839 	(void)printf("%9u intransit blocking page faults\n", sum.v_intrans);
840 	(void)printf("%9u total VM faults taken\n", sum.v_vm_faults);
841 	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by kernel thread creation\n", sum.v_kthreadpages);
842 	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by  fork()\n", sum.v_forkpages);
843 	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by vfork()\n", sum.v_vforkpages);
844 	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by rfork()\n", sum.v_rforkpages);
845 	(void)printf("%9u pages cached\n", sum.v_tcached);
846 	(void)printf("%9u pages freed\n", sum.v_tfree);
847 	(void)printf("%9u pages freed by daemon\n", sum.v_dfree);
848 	(void)printf("%9u pages freed by exiting processes\n", sum.v_pfree);
849 	(void)printf("%9u pages active\n", sum.v_active_count);
850 	(void)printf("%9u pages inactive\n", sum.v_inactive_count);
851 	(void)printf("%9u pages in VM cache\n", sum.v_cache_count);
852 	(void)printf("%9u pages wired down\n", sum.v_wire_count);
853 	(void)printf("%9u pages free\n", sum.v_free_count);
854 	(void)printf("%9u bytes per page\n", sum.v_page_size);
855 	if (kd != NULL) {
856 		kread(X_NCHSTATS, &lnchstats, sizeof(lnchstats));
857 	} else {
858 		size_t size = sizeof(lnchstats);
859 		mysysctl("vfs.cache.nchstats", &lnchstats, &size, NULL, 0);
860 		if (size != sizeof(lnchstats))
861 			errx(1, "vfs.cache.nchstats size mismatch");
862 	}
863 	nchtotal = lnchstats.ncs_goodhits + lnchstats.ncs_neghits +
864 	    lnchstats.ncs_badhits + lnchstats.ncs_falsehits +
865 	    lnchstats.ncs_miss + lnchstats.ncs_long;
866 	(void)printf("%9ld total name lookups\n", nchtotal);
867 	(void)printf(
868 	    "%9s cache hits (%ld%% pos + %ld%% neg) system %ld%% per-directory\n",
869 	    "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
870 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
871 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
872 	(void)printf("%9s deletions %ld%%, falsehits %ld%%, toolong %ld%%\n", "",
873 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
874 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
875 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
876 }
877 
878 static void
879 doforkst(void)
880 {
881 	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
882 	(void)printf("%u forks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
883 	    sum.v_forks, sum.v_forkpages,
884 	    sum.v_forks == 0 ? 0.0 :
885 	    (double)sum.v_forkpages / sum.v_forks);
886 	(void)printf("%u vforks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
887 	    sum.v_vforks, sum.v_vforkpages,
888 	    sum.v_vforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
889 	    (double)sum.v_vforkpages / sum.v_vforks);
890 	(void)printf("%u rforks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
891 	    sum.v_rforks, sum.v_rforkpages,
892 	    sum.v_rforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
893 	    (double)sum.v_rforkpages / sum.v_rforks);
894 }
895 
896 static void
897 devstats(void)
898 {
899 	int dn, state;
900 	long double transfers_per_second;
901 	long double busy_seconds;
902 	long tmp;
903 
904 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
905 		tmp = cur.cp_time[state];
906 		cur.cp_time[state] -= last.cp_time[state];
907 		last.cp_time[state] = tmp;
908 	}
909 
910 	busy_seconds = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time;
911 
912 	for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
913 		int di;
914 
915 		if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
916 		 || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
917 			continue;
918 
919 		di = dev_select[dn].position;
920 
921 		if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
922 		    &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
923 		    DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
924 		    DSM_NONE) != 0)
925 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
926 
927 		(void)printf("%3.0Lf ", transfers_per_second);
928 	}
929 }
930 
931 static void
932 percent(double pct, int *over)
933 {
934 	char buf[10];
935 	int l;
936 
937 	l = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.0f", pct);
938 	if (l == 1 && *over) {
939 		printf("%s",  buf);
940 		(*over)--;
941 	} else
942 		printf("%2s", buf);
943 	if (l > 2)
944 		(*over)++;
945 }
946 
947 static void
948 cpustats(void)
949 {
950 	int state, over;
951 	double lpct, total;
952 
953 	total = 0;
954 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
955 		total += cur.cp_time[state];
956 	if (total)
957 		lpct = 100.0 / total;
958 	else
959 		lpct = 0.0;
960 	over = 0;
961 	printf(" ");
962 	percent((cur.cp_time[CP_USER] + cur.cp_time[CP_NICE]) * lpct, &over);
963 	printf(" ");
964 	percent((cur.cp_time[CP_SYS] + cur.cp_time[CP_INTR]) * lpct, &over);
965 	printf(" ");
966 	percent(cur.cp_time[CP_IDLE] * lpct, &over);
967 }
968 
969 static void
970 pcpustats(int ncpus, u_long cpumask, int maxid)
971 {
972 	int state, i;
973 	double lpct, total;
974 	long tmp;
975 	int over;
976 
977 	/* devstats does this for cp_time */
978 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
979 		if (cpumask && (1ul << i) == 0)
980 			continue;
981 		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
982 			tmp = cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
983 			cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] -= last_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
984 			last_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] = tmp;
985 		}
986 	}
987 
988 	over = 0;
989 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
990 		if (cpumask && (1ul << i) == 0)
991 			continue;
992 		total = 0;
993 		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
994 			total += cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
995 		if (total)
996 			lpct = 100.0 / total;
997 		else
998 			lpct = 0.0;
999 		printf(" ");
1000 		percent((cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER] +
1001 			 cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE]) * lpct, &over);
1002 		printf(" ");
1003 		percent((cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS] +
1004 			 cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR]) * lpct, &over);
1005 		printf(" ");
1006 		percent(cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE] * lpct, &over);
1007 	}
1008 }
1009 
1010 static void
1011 dointr(void)
1012 {
1013 	unsigned long *intrcnt, uptime;
1014 	uint64_t inttotal;
1015 	size_t clen, inamlen, intrcntlen, istrnamlen;
1016 	unsigned int i, nintr;
1017 	char *intrname, *tintrname;
1018 
1019 	uptime = getuptime();
1020 	if (kd != NULL) {
1021 		intrcntlen = namelist[X_EINTRCNT].n_value -
1022 		    namelist[X_INTRCNT].n_value;
1023 		inamlen = namelist[X_EINTRNAMES].n_value -
1024 		    namelist[X_INTRNAMES].n_value;
1025 		if ((intrcnt = malloc(intrcntlen)) == NULL ||
1026 		    (intrname = malloc(inamlen)) == NULL)
1027 			err(1, "malloc()");
1028 		kread(X_INTRCNT, intrcnt, intrcntlen);
1029 		kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrname, inamlen);
1030 	} else {
1031 		for (intrcnt = NULL, intrcntlen = 1024; ; intrcntlen *= 2) {
1032 			if ((intrcnt = reallocf(intrcnt, intrcntlen)) == NULL)
1033 				err(1, "reallocf()");
1034 			if (mysysctl("hw.intrcnt",
1035 			    intrcnt, &intrcntlen, NULL, 0) == 0)
1036 				break;
1037 		}
1038 		for (intrname = NULL, inamlen = 1024; ; inamlen *= 2) {
1039 			if ((intrname = reallocf(intrname, inamlen)) == NULL)
1040 				err(1, "reallocf()");
1041 			if (mysysctl("hw.intrnames",
1042 			    intrname, &inamlen, NULL, 0) == 0)
1043 				break;
1044 		}
1045 	}
1046 	nintr = intrcntlen / sizeof(unsigned long);
1047 	tintrname = intrname;
1048 	istrnamlen = strlen("interrupt");
1049 	for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) {
1050 		clen = strlen(tintrname);
1051 		if (clen > istrnamlen)
1052 			istrnamlen = clen;
1053 		tintrname += clen + 1;
1054 	}
1055 	(void)printf("%-*s %20s %10s\n", istrnamlen, "interrupt", "total",
1056 	    "rate");
1057 	inttotal = 0;
1058 	for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) {
1059 		if (intrname[0] != '\0' && (*intrcnt != 0 || aflag))
1060 			(void)printf("%-*s %20lu %10lu\n", istrnamlen, intrname,
1061 			    *intrcnt, *intrcnt / uptime);
1062 		intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
1063 		inttotal += *intrcnt++;
1064 	}
1065 	(void)printf("%-*s %20llu %10llu\n", istrnamlen, "Total",
1066 	    (long long)inttotal, (long long)(inttotal / uptime));
1067 }
1068 
1069 static void
1070 domemstat_malloc(void)
1071 {
1072 	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1073 	struct memory_type *mtp;
1074 	int error, first, i;
1075 
1076 	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1077 	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1078 		warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1079 		return;
1080 	}
1081 	if (kd == NULL) {
1082 		if (memstat_sysctl_malloc(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1083 			warnx("memstat_sysctl_malloc: %s",
1084 			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1085 			return;
1086 		}
1087 	} else {
1088 		if (memstat_kvm_malloc(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1089 			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1090 			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1091 				warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1092 				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1093 			else
1094 				warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1095 				    memstat_strerror(error));
1096 		}
1097 	}
1098 	printf("%13s %5s %6s %7s %8s  Size(s)\n", "Type", "InUse", "MemUse",
1099 	    "HighUse", "Requests");
1100 	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1101 	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1102 		if (memstat_get_numallocs(mtp) == 0 &&
1103 		    memstat_get_count(mtp) == 0)
1104 			continue;
1105 		printf("%13s %5lld %5lldK %7s %8lld  ",
1106 		    memstat_get_name(mtp), memstat_get_count(mtp),
1107 		    ((int64_t)memstat_get_bytes(mtp) + 1023) / 1024, "-",
1108 		    memstat_get_numallocs(mtp));
1109 		first = 1;
1110 		for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
1111 			if (memstat_get_sizemask(mtp) & (1 << i)) {
1112 				if (!first)
1113 					printf(",");
1114 				printf("%d", 1 << (i + 4));
1115 				first = 0;
1116 			}
1117 		}
1118 		printf("\n");
1119 	}
1120 	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1121 }
1122 
1123 static void
1124 domemstat_zone(void)
1125 {
1126 	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1127 	struct memory_type *mtp;
1128 	char name[MEMTYPE_MAXNAME + 1];
1129 	int error;
1130 
1131 	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1132 	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1133 		warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1134 		return;
1135 	}
1136 	if (kd == NULL) {
1137 		if (memstat_sysctl_uma(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1138 			warnx("memstat_sysctl_uma: %s",
1139 			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1140 			return;
1141 		}
1142 	} else {
1143 		if (memstat_kvm_uma(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1144 			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1145 			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1146 				warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1147 				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1148 			else
1149 				warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1150 				    memstat_strerror(error));
1151 		}
1152 	}
1153 	printf("%-20s %8s  %8s  %8s  %8s  %8s  %8s\n\n", "ITEM", "SIZE",
1154 	    "LIMIT", "USED", "FREE", "REQUESTS", "FAILURES");
1155 	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1156 	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1157 		strlcpy(name, memstat_get_name(mtp), MEMTYPE_MAXNAME);
1158 		strcat(name, ":");
1159 		printf("%-20s %8llu, %8llu, %8llu, %8llu, %8llu, %8llu\n", name,
1160 		    memstat_get_size(mtp), memstat_get_countlimit(mtp),
1161 		    memstat_get_count(mtp), memstat_get_free(mtp),
1162 		    memstat_get_numallocs(mtp), memstat_get_failures(mtp));
1163 	}
1164 	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1165 	printf("\n");
1166 }
1167 
1168 /*
1169  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
1170  */
1171 static void
1172 kreado(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size, size_t offset)
1173 {
1174 	const char *sym;
1175 
1176 	if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
1177 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1178 		if (*sym == '_')
1179 			++sym;
1180 		errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
1181 	}
1182 	if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value + offset, addr,
1183 	    size) != size) {
1184 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1185 		if (*sym == '_')
1186 			++sym;
1187 		errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
1188 	}
1189 }
1190 
1191 static void
1192 kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
1193 {
1194 	kreado(nlx, addr, size, 0);
1195 }
1196 
1197 static char *
1198 kgetstr(const char *strp)
1199 {
1200 	int n = 0, size = 1;
1201 	char *ret = NULL;
1202 
1203 	do {
1204 		if (size == n + 1) {
1205 			ret = realloc(ret, size);
1206 			if (ret == NULL)
1207 				err(1, "%s: realloc", __func__);
1208 			size *= 2;
1209 		}
1210 		if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)strp + n, &ret[n], 1) != 1)
1211 			errx(1, "%s: %s", __func__, kvm_geterr(kd));
1212 	} while (ret[n++] != '\0');
1213 	return (ret);
1214 }
1215 
1216 static void
1217 usage(void)
1218 {
1219 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s",
1220 		"usage: vmstat [-afimsz] [-c count] [-M core [-N system]] [-w wait]\n",
1221 		"              [-n devs] [-p type,if,pass] [disks]\n");
1222 	exit(1);
1223 }
1224