1.\" $FreeBSD$ 2.Dd September 21, 2019 3.Dt TOP 1 4.Os 5.Sh NAME 6.Nm top 7.Nd display and update information about the top cpu processes 8.Sh SYNOPSIS 9.Nm 10.Op Fl CHIPSTabijnpqtuvxz 11.Op Fl J Ar jail 12.Op Fl U Ar uid 13.Op Fl d Ar count 14.Op Fl m Ar cpu|io 15.Op Fl s Ar time 16.Op Fl o Ar field 17.Op Fl p Ar pid 18.Op Ar number 19.Sh DESCRIPTION 20.Nm 21displays the top 22processes on the system and periodically updates this information. 23If standard output is an intelligent terminal (see below) then 24as many processes as will fit on the terminal screen are displayed 25by default. 26Otherwise, a good number of them are shown (around 20). 27Raw cpu percentage is used to rank the processes. 28If 29.Ar number 30is given, then the top 31.Ar number 32processes will be displayed instead of the default. 33.Pp 34.Nm 35makes a distinction between terminals that support advanced capabilities 36and those that do not. 37This distinction affects the choice of defaults for certain options. 38In the remainder of this document, an \*(lqintelligent\*(rq terminal is one that 39supports cursor addressing, clear screen, and clear to end of line. 40Conversely, a \*(lqdumb\*(rq terminal is one that does not support such 41features. 42If the output of 43.Nm 44is redirected to a file, it acts as if it were being run on a dumb 45terminal. 46.Bl -tag -width indent -compact 47.It Fl C 48Toggle CPU display mode. 49By default top displays the weighted CPU percentage in the WCPU column 50(this is the same value that 51.Xr ps 1 52displays as CPU). 53Each time 54.Fl C 55flag is passed it toggles between \*(lqraw cpu\*(rq mode 56and \*(lqweighted cpu\*(rq mode, showing the \*(lqCPU\*(rq or 57the \*(lqWCPU\*(rq column respectively. 58.It Fl S 59Show system processes in the display. 60Normally, system processes such as the pager and the swapper are not shown. 61This option makes them visible. 62.It Fl a 63Display command names derived from the argv[] vector, rather than real 64executable name. 65It it useful when you want to watch applications, that 66puts their status information there. 67If the real name differs from argv[0], 68it will be displayed in parenthesis. 69Non-printable characters in the command line are 70encoded in C-style backslash sequences or 71a three digit octal sequences. 72.It Fl b 73Use \*(lqbatch\*(rq mode. 74In this mode, all input from the terminal is 75ignored. 76Interrupt characters (such as ^C and ^\e) still have an effect. 77This is the default on a dumb terminal, or when the output is not a terminal. 78.It Fl H 79Display each thread for a multithreaded process individually. 80By default a single summary line is displayed for each process. 81.It Fl i 82Use \*(lqinteractive\*(rq mode. 83In this mode, any input is immediately 84read for processing. 85See the section on \*(lqInteractive Mode\*(rq 86for an explanation of 87which keys perform what functions. 88After the command is processed, the 89screen will immediately be updated, even if the command was not 90understood. 91This mode is the default when standard output is an 92intelligent terminal. 93.It Fl I 94Do not display idle processes. 95By default, top displays both active and idle processes. 96.It Fl j 97Display the 98.Xr jail 8 99ID. 100.It Fl T 101Toggle displaying thread ID (tid) instead of process id (pid). 102.It Fl t 103Do not display the 104.Nm 105process itself. 106.It Fl m Ar display 107Display either 'cpu' or 'io' statistics. 108Default is 'cpu'. 109.It Fl n 110Use \*(lqnon-interactive\*(rq mode. 111This is identical to \*(lqbatch\*(rq 112mode. 113.It Fl P 114Display per-cpu CPU usage statistics. 115.It Fl q 116Renice 117.Nm 118to -20 so that it will run faster. 119This can be used when the system is 120being very sluggish to improve the possibility of discovering the problem. 121This option can only be used by root. 122.It Fl u 123Do not map uid numbers to usernames. 124Normally, 125.Nm 126will read as much of the file \*(lq/etc/passwd\*(rq as is necessary to map 127all the user id numbers it encounters into login names. 128This option disables all that, while possibly decreasing execution time. 129The uid numbers are displayed instead of the names. 130.It Fl v 131Write version number information to stderr then exit immediately. 132.It Fl w 133Display approximate swap usage for each process. 134.It Fl z 135Do not display the system idle process. 136.It Fl d Ar count 137Show only 138.Ar count 139displays, then exit. 140A display is considered to be one update of the 141screen. 142The default is 1 for dumb terminals. 143Note that for 144.Ar count 145= 1 146no information is available about the percentage of time spent by the CPU in every state. 147.It Fl s Ar time 148Set the delay between screen updates to 149.Ar time 150seconds, which may be fractional. 151The default delay between updates is 1 second. 152.It Fl o Ar field 153Sort the process display area on the specified field. 154The field name 155is the name of the column as seen in the output, but in lower case: 156\*(lqcpu\*(lq, \*(rqsize\*(lq, \*(rqres\*(lq, \*(rqtime\*(lq, 157\*(rqpri\*(lq, \*(rqthreads\*(lq, \*(lqtotal\*(lq, \*(rqread\*(lq, 158\*(rqwrite\*(lq, \*(rqfault\*(lq, \*(rqvcsw\*(lq, \*(rqivcsw\*(lq, 159\*(lqjid\*(lq, \*(rqswap\*(lq or \*(rqpid\*(lq. 160.It Fl p Ar pid 161Show only the process 162.Ar pid . 163.It Fl J Ar jail 164Show only those processes owned by 165.Ar jail . 166This may be either the 167.Ar jid 168or 169.Ar name 170of the jail. 171Use 1720 173to limit to host processes. 174Using this option implies 175.Fl j . 176.Pp 177.It Fl U Ar username 178Show only those processes owned by 179.Ar username . 180This option currently only accepts usernames and will not understand 181uid numbers. 182.El 183.Pp 184Both 185.Ar count 186and 187.Ar number 188fields can be specified as \*(lqinfinite\*(rq, indicating that they can 189stretch as far as possible. 190This is accomplished by using any proper 191prefix of the keywords 192\*(lqinfinity\*(rq, 193\*(lqmaximum\*(rq, 194or 195\*(lqall\*(rq. 196Boolean flags are toggles. 197A second specification of any of these options will negate the first. 198.Sh "INTERACTIVE MODE" 199When 200.Nm 201is running in \*(lqinteractive mode\*(rq, it reads commands from the 202terminal and acts upon them accordingly. 203In this mode, the terminal is 204put in \*(lqCBREAK\*(rq, so that a character will be 205processed as soon as it is typed. 206Almost always, a key will be 207pressed when 208.Nm 209is between displays; that is, while it is waiting for 210.Ar time 211seconds to elapse. 212If this is the case, the command will be 213processed and the display will be updated immediately thereafter 214(reflecting any changes that the command may have specified). 215This 216happens even if the command was incorrect. 217If a key is pressed while 218.Nm 219is in the middle of updating the display, it will finish the update and 220then process the command. 221Some commands require additional information, 222and the user will be prompted accordingly. 223While typing this information 224in, the user's erase and kill keys (as set up by the command 225.Xr stty 1 ) 226are recognized, and a newline terminates the input. 227.Pp 228These commands are currently recognized (^L refers to control-L): 229.Bl -tag -width indent 230.It ^L 231Redraw the screen. 232.It h 233Display a summary of the commands (help screen). 234Version information 235is included in this display. 236.It q 237Quit 238.Nm 239.It d 240Change the number of displays to show (prompt for new number). 241Remember that the next display counts as one, so typing 242.It d1 243will make 244.Nm 245show one final display and then immediately exit. 246.It m 247Toggle the display between 'cpu' and 'io' modes. 248.It n or # 249Change the number of processes to display (prompt for new number). 250.It s 251Change the number of seconds to delay between displays 252(prompt for new number). 253.It S 254Toggle the display of system processes. 255.It a 256Toggle the display of process titles. 257.It k 258Send a signal (\*(lqkill\*(rq by default) to a list of processes. 259This acts similarly to the command 260.Xr kill 1 . 261.It r 262Change the priority (the \*(lqnice\*(rq) of a list of processes. 263This acts similarly to 264.Xr renice 8 . 265.It u 266Display only processes owned by a specific set of usernames (prompt for 267username). 268If the username specified is simply \*(lq+\*(rq or \*(lq-\*(rq, 269then processes belonging to all users will be displayed. 270Usernames can be added 271to and removed from the set by prepending them with \*(lq+\*(rq and 272\*(lq-\*(rq, respectively. 273.It o 274Change the order in which the display is sorted. 275The sort key names include 276\*(lqcpu\*(rq, \*(lqres\*(rq, \*(lqsize\*(rq, 277\*(lqtime\*(rq. 278The default is cpu. 279.It p 280Display a specific process (prompt for pid). 281If the pid specified is simply \*(lq+\*(rq, then show all processes. 282.It e 283Display a list of system errors (if any) generated by the last 284command. 285.It B H 286Toggle the display of threads. 287.It i or I 288Toggle the display of idle processes. 289.It j 290Toggle the display of 291.Xr jail 8 292ID. 293.It J 294Display only processes owned by a specific jail (prompt for jail). 295If the jail specified is simply \*(lq+\*(rq, then processes belonging 296to all jails and the host will be displayed. 297This will also enable the display of JID. 298.It P 299Toggle the display of per-CPU statistics. 300.It T 301Toggle display of TID and PID 302.It t 303Toggle the display of the 304.Nm 305process. 306.It w 307Toggle the display of swap usage. 308.It z 309Toggle the display of the system idle process. 310.El 311.Sh "THE DISPLAY" 312The top few lines of the display show general information 313about the state of the system, including 314the last process id assigned to a process (on most systems), 315the three load averages, 316the current time, 317the number of existing processes, 318the number of processes in each state 319(sleeping, running, starting, zombies, and stopped), 320and a percentage of time spent in each of the processor states 321(user, nice, system, and idle). 322It also includes information about physical and virtual memory allocation. 323.Pp 324The remainder of the screen displays information about individual 325processes. 326This display is similar in spirit to 327.Xr ps 1 328but it is not exactly the same. 329PID is the process id, 330JID, when displayed, is the 331.Xr jail 8 332ID corresponding to the process, 333USERNAME is the name of the process's owner (if 334.Fl u 335is specified, a UID column will be substituted for USERNAME), 336PRI is the current priority of the process, 337NICE is the 338.Xr nice 1 339amount, 340SIZE is the total size of the process (text, data, and stack), 341RES is the current amount of resident memory, 342SWAP is the approximate amount of swap, if enabled 343(SIZE, RES and SWAP are given in kilobytes), 344STATE is the current state (one of \*(lqSTART\*(rq, \*(lqRUN\*(rq 345(shown as \*(lqCPUn\*(rq on SMP systems), \*(lqSLEEP\*(rq, \*(lqSTOP\*(rq, 346\*(lqZOMB\*(rq, \*(lqWAIT\*(rq, \*(lqLOCK\*(rq or the event on which the 347process waits), 348C is the processor number on which the process is executing 349(visible only on SMP systems), 350TIME is the number of system and user cpu seconds that the process has used, 351WCPU, when displayed, is the weighted cpu percentage (this is the same 352value that 353.Xr ps 1 354displays as CPU), 355CPU is the raw percentage and is the field that is sorted to determine 356the order of the processes, and 357COMMAND is the name of the command that the process is currently running 358(if the process is swapped out, this column is marked \*(lq<swapped>\*(rq). 359.Pp 360If a process is in the \*(lqSLEEP\*(rq or \*(lqLOCK\*(rq state, 361the state column will report the name of the event or lock on which the 362process is waiting. 363Lock names are prefixed with an asterisk \*(lq*\*(rq while sleep events 364are not. 365.Sh DESCRIPTION OF MEMORY 366.Bd -literal 367Mem: 61M Active, 86M Inact, 368K Laundry, 22G Wired, 102G Free 368ARC: 15G Total, 9303M MFU, 6155M MRU, 1464K Anon, 98M Header, 35M Other 369 15G Compressed, 27G Uncompressed, 1.75:1 Ratio, 174M Overhead 370Swap: 4096M Total, 532M Free, 13% Inuse, 80K In, 104K Out 371.Ed 372.Ss Physical Memory Stats 373.Bl -tag -width "Uncompressed" -compact 374.It Em Active 375number of bytes active 376.It Em Inact 377number of clean bytes inactive 378.It Em Laundry 379number of dirty bytes queued for laundering 380.It Em Wired 381number of bytes wired down, including IO-level cached file data pages 382.It Em Buf 383number of bytes used for IO-level disk caching 384.It Em Free 385number of bytes free 386.El 387.Ss ZFS ARC Stats 388These stats are only displayed when the ARC is in use. 389.Pp 390.Bl -tag -width "Uncompressed" -compact 391.It Em Total 392number of wired bytes used for the ZFS ARC 393.It Em MRU 394number of ARC bytes holding most recently used data 395.It Em MFU 396number of ARC bytes holding most frequently used data 397.It Em Anon 398number of ARC bytes holding in flight data 399.It Em Header 400number of ARC bytes holding headers 401.It Em Other 402miscellaneous ARC bytes 403.It Em Compressed 404bytes of memory used by ARC caches 405.It Em Uncompressed 406bytes of data stored in ARC caches before compression 407.It Em Ratio 408compression ratio of data cached in the ARC 409.El 410.Ss Swap Stats 411.Bl -tag -width "Uncompressed" -compact 412.It Em Total 413total available swap usage 414.It Em Free 415total free swap usage 416.It Em Inuse 417swap usage 418.It Em \&In 419bytes paged in from swap devices (last interval) 420.It Em Out 421bytes paged out to swap devices (last interval) 422.El 423.Sh ENVIRONMENT 424.Bl -tag -width "Uncompressed" 425.It Ev TOP 426Default set of arguments to 427.Nm . 428.It Ev LC_CTYPE 429The locale to use when displaying the 430.Va argv 431vector when 432.Fl a 433flag is specified. 434.El 435.Sh SEE ALSO 436.Xr kill 1 , 437.Xr ps 1 , 438.Xr stty 1 , 439.Xr getrusage 2 , 440.Xr humanize_number 3 , 441.Xr mem 4 , 442.Xr renice 8 443.Sh AUTHORS 444.An William LeFebvre, EECS Department, Northwestern University 445.Sh BUGS 446The command name for swapped processes should be tracked down, but this 447would make the program run slower. 448.Pp 449As with 450.Xr ps 1 , 451things can change while 452.Nm 453is collecting information for an update. 454The picture it gives is only a close approximation to reality. 455