1.\" $FreeBSD$ 2.Dd October 2, 2018 3.Dt TOP 1 4.Os 5.Sh NAME 6.Nm top 7.Nd display and update information about the top cpu processes 8.Sh SYNOPSIS 9.Nm 10.Op Fl CHIPSTabijnpqtuvxz 11.Op Fl J Ar jail 12.Op Fl U Ar uid 13.Op Fl d Ar count 14.Op Fl m Ar cpu|io 15.Op Fl s Ar time 16.Op Fl o Ar field 17.Op Fl p Ar pid 18.Op Ar count 19.Sh DESCRIPTION 20.Nm 21displays the top 22processes on the system and periodically updates this information. 23If standard output is an intelligent terminal (see below) then 24as many processes as will fit on the terminal screen are displayed 25by default. 26Otherwise, a good number of them are shown (around 20). 27Raw cpu percentage is used to rank the processes. 28If 29.Ar number 30is given, then the top 31.Ar number 32processes will be displayed instead of the default. 33.Pp 34.Nm 35makes a distinction between terminals that support advanced capabilities 36and those that do not. 37This distinction affects the choice of defaults for certain options. 38In the remainder of this document, an \*(lqintelligent\*(rq terminal is one that 39supports cursor addressing, clear screen, and clear to end of line. 40Conversely, a \*(lqdumb\*(rq terminal is one that does not support such 41features. 42If the output of 43.Nm 44is redirected to a file, it acts as if it were being run on a dumb 45terminal. 46.Bl -tag -width indent -compact 47.It Fl C 48Toggle CPU display mode. 49By default top displays the weighted CPU percentage in the WCPU column 50(this is the same value that 51.Xr ps 1 52displays as CPU). 53Each time 54.It Fl C 55flag is passed it toggles between \*(lqraw cpu\*(rq mode 56and \*(lqweighted cpu\*(rq mode, showing the \*(lqCPU\*(rq or 57the \*(lqWCPU\*(rq column respectively. 58.It Fl S 59Show system processes in the display. 60Normally, system processes such as the pager and the swapper are not shown. 61This option makes them visible. 62.It Fl a 63Display command names derived from the argv[] vector, rather than real 64executable name. 65It it useful when you want to watch applications, that 66puts their status information there. 67If the real name differs from argv[0], 68it will be displayed in parenthesis. 69.It Fl b 70Use \*(lqbatch\*(rq mode. 71In this mode, all input from the terminal is 72ignored. 73Interrupt characters (such as ^C and ^\e) still have an effect. 74This is the default on a dumb terminal, or when the output is not a terminal. 75.It Fl H 76Display each thread for a multithreaded process individually. 77By default a single summary line is displayed for each process. 78.It Fl i 79Use \*(lqinteractive\*(rq mode. 80In this mode, any input is immediately 81read for processing. 82See the section on \*(lqInteractive Mode\*(rq 83for an explanation of 84which keys perform what functions. 85After the command is processed, the 86screen will immediately be updated, even if the command was not 87understood. 88This mode is the default when standard output is an 89intelligent terminal. 90.It Fl I 91Do not display idle processes. 92By default, top displays both active and idle processes. 93.It Fl j 94Display the 95.Xr jail 8 96ID. 97.It Fl T 98Toggle displaying thread ID (tid) instead of process id (pid). 99.It Fl t 100Do not display the 101.Nm 102process itself. 103.It Fl display 104Display either 'cpu' or 'io' statistics. 105Default is 'cpu'. 106.It Fl n 107Use \*(lqnon-interactive\*(rq mode. 108This is identical to \*(lqbatch\*(rq 109mode. 110.It Fl P 111Display per-cpu CPU usage statistics. 112.It Fl q 113Renice 114.Nm 115to -20 so that it will run faster. 116This can be used when the system is 117being very sluggish to improve the possibility of discovering the problem. 118This option can only be used by root. 119.It Fl u 120Do not map uid numbers to usernames. 121Normally, 122.Nm 123will read as much of the file \*(lq/etc/passwd\*(rq as is necessary to map 124all the user id numbers it encounters into login names. 125This option disables all that, while possibly decreasing execution time. 126The uid numbers are displayed instead of the names. 127.It Fl v 128Write version number information to stderr then exit immediately. 129.It Fl w 130Display approximate swap usage for each process. 131.It Fl z 132Do not display the system idle process. 133.It Fl d Ar count 134Show only 135.Ar count 136displays, then exit. 137A display is considered to be one update of the 138screen. 139The default is 1 for dumb terminals. 140Note that for 141.Ar count 142= 1 143no information is available about the percentage of time spent by the CPU in every state. 144.It Fl s Ar time 145Set the delay between screen updates to 146.Ar time 147seconds. 148The default delay between updates is 1 second. 149.It Fl o Ar field 150Sort the process display area on the specified field. 151The field name 152is the name of the column as seen in the output, but in lower case: 153\*(lqcpu\*(lq, \*(rqsize\*(lq, \*(rqres\*(lq, \*(rqtime\*(lq, 154\*(rqpri\*(lq, \*(rqthreads\*(lq, \*(lqtotal\*(lq, \*(rqread\*(lq, 155\*(rqwrite\*(lq, \*(rqfault\*(lq, \*(rqvcsw\*(lq, \*(rqivcsw\*(lq, 156\*(lqjid\*(lq, \*(rqswap\*(lq or \*(rqpid\*(lq. 157.It Fl p Ar pid 158Show only the process 159.Ar pid . 160.It Fl J Ar jail 161Show only those processes owned by 162.Ar jail . 163This may be either the 164.Ar jid 165or 166.Ar name 167of the jail. 168Use 1690 170to limit to host processes. 171Using this option implies 172.Fl j . 173.Pp 174.It Fl U Ar username 175Show only those processes owned by 176.Ar username . 177This option currently only accepts usernames and will not understand 178uid numbers. 179.El 180.Pp 181Both 182.Ar count 183and 184.Ar number 185fields can be specified as \*(lqinfinite\*(rq, indicating that they can 186stretch as far as possible. 187This is accomplished by using any proper 188prefix of the keywords 189\*(lqinfinity\*(rq, 190\*(lqmaximum\*(rq, 191or 192\*(lqall\*(rq. 193Boolean flags are toggles. 194A second specification of any of these options will negate the first. 195.Sh "INTERACTIVE MODE" 196When 197.Nm 198is running in \*(lqinteractive mode\*(rq, it reads commands from the 199terminal and acts upon them accordingly. 200In this mode, the terminal is 201put in \*(lqCBREAK\*(rq, so that a character will be 202processed as soon as it is typed. 203Almost always, a key will be 204pressed when 205.Nm 206is between displays; that is, while it is waiting for 207.Ar time 208seconds to elapse. 209If this is the case, the command will be 210processed and the display will be updated immediately thereafter 211(reflecting any changes that the command may have specified). 212This 213happens even if the command was incorrect. 214If a key is pressed while 215.Nm 216is in the middle of updating the display, it will finish the update and 217then process the command. 218Some commands require additional information, 219and the user will be prompted accordingly. 220While typing this information 221in, the user's erase and kill keys (as set up by the command 222.Xr stty 1 ) 223are recognized, and a newline terminates the input. 224.Pp 225These commands are currently recognized (^L refers to control-L): 226.Bl -tag -width indent 227.It ^L 228Redraw the screen. 229.It h 230Display a summary of the commands (help screen). 231Version information 232is included in this display. 233.It q 234Quit 235.Nm 236.It d 237Change the number of displays to show (prompt for new number). 238Remember that the next display counts as one, so typing 239.It d1 240will make 241.Nm 242show one final display and then immediately exit. 243.It m 244Toggle the display between 'cpu' and 'io' modes. 245.It n or # 246Change the number of processes to display (prompt for new number). 247.It s 248Change the number of seconds to delay between displays 249(prompt for new number). 250.It S 251Toggle the display of system processes. 252.It a 253Toggle the display of process titles. 254.It k 255Send a signal (\*(lqkill\*(rq by default) to a list of processes. 256This acts similarly to the command 257.Xr kill 1 . 258.It r 259Change the priority (the \*(lqnice\*(rq) of a list of processes. 260This acts similarly to 261.Xr renice 8 . 262.It u 263Display only processes owned by a specific set of usernames (prompt for 264username). 265If the username specified is simply \*(lq+\*(rq or \*(lq-\*(rq, 266then processes belonging to all users will be displayed. 267Usernames can be added 268to and removed from the set by prepending them with \*(lq+\*(rq and 269\*(lq-\*(rq, respectively. 270.It o 271Change the order in which the display is sorted. 272The sort key names include 273\*(lqcpu\*(rq, \*(lqres\*(rq, \*(lqsize\*(rq, 274\*(lqtime\*(rq. 275The default is cpu. 276.It p 277Display a specific process (prompt for pid). 278If the pid specified is simply \*(lq+\*(rq, then show all processes. 279.It e 280Display a list of system errors (if any) generated by the last 281command. 282.It B H 283Toggle the display of threads. 284.It i or I 285Toggle the display of idle processes. 286.It j 287Toggle the display of 288.Xr jail 8 289ID. 290.It J 291Display only processes owned by a specific jail (prompt for jail). 292If the jail specified is simply \*(lq+\*(rq, then processes belonging 293to all jails and the host will be displayed. 294This will also enable the display of JID. 295.It P 296Toggle the display of per-CPU statistics. 297.It T 298Toggle display of TID and PID 299.It t 300Toggle the display of the 301.Nm 302process. 303.It w 304Toggle the display of swap usage. 305.It z 306Toggle the display of the system idle process. 307.El 308.Sh "THE DISPLAY" 309The top few lines of the display show general information 310about the state of the system, including 311the last process id assigned to a process (on most systems), 312the three load averages, 313the current time, 314the number of existing processes, 315the number of processes in each state 316(sleeping, running, starting, zombies, and stopped), 317and a percentage of time spent in each of the processor states 318(user, nice, system, and idle). 319It also includes information about physical and virtual memory allocation. 320.Pp 321The remainder of the screen displays information about individual 322processes. 323This display is similar in spirit to 324.Xr ps 1 325but it is not exactly the same. 326PID is the process id, 327JID, when displayed, is the 328.Xr jail 8 329ID corresponding to the process, 330USERNAME is the name of the process's owner (if 331.Fl u 332is specified, a UID column will be substituted for USERNAME), 333PRI is the current priority of the process, 334NICE is the 335.Xr nice 1 336amount, 337SIZE is the total size of the process (text, data, and stack), 338RES is the current amount of resident memory, 339SWAP is the approximate amount of swap, if enabled 340(SIZE, RES and SWAP are given in kilobytes), 341STATE is the current state (one of \*(lqSTART\*(rq, \*(lqRUN\*(rq 342(shown as \*(lqCPUn\*(rq on SMP systems), \*(lqSLEEP\*(rq, \*(lqSTOP\*(rq, 343\*(lqZOMB\*(rq, \*(lqWAIT\*(rq, \*(lqLOCK\*(rq or the event on which the 344process waits), 345C is the processor number on which the process is executing 346(visible only on SMP systems), 347TIME is the number of system and user cpu seconds that the process has used, 348WCPU, when displayed, is the weighted cpu percentage (this is the same 349value that 350.Xr ps 1 351displays as CPU), 352CPU is the raw percentage and is the field that is sorted to determine 353the order of the processes, and 354COMMAND is the name of the command that the process is currently running 355(if the process is swapped out, this column is marked \*(lq<swapped>\*(rq). 356.Pp 357If a process is in the \*(lqSLEEP\*(rq or \*(lqLOCK\*(rq state, 358the state column will report the name of the event or lock on which the 359process is waiting. 360Lock names are prefixed with an asterisk \*(lq*\*(rq while sleep events 361are not. 362.Sh DESCRIPTION OF MEMORY 363.Bd -literal 364Mem: 61M Active, 86M Inact, 368K Laundry, 22G Wired, 102G Free 365ARC: 15G Total, 9303M MFU, 6155M MRU, 1464K Anon, 98M Header, 35M Other 366 15G Compressed, 27G Uncompressed, 1.75:1 Ratio, 174M Overhead 367Swap: 4096M Total, 532M Free, 13% Inuse, 80K In, 104K Out 368.Ed 369.Ss Physical Memory Stats 370.Bl -tag -width "Uncompressed" -compact 371.It Em Active 372number of bytes active 373.It Em Inact 374number of clean bytes inactive 375.It Em Laundry 376number of dirty bytes queued for laundering 377.It Em Wired 378number of bytes wired down, including IO-level cached file data pages 379.It Em Buf 380number of bytes used for IO-level disk caching 381.It Em Free 382number of bytes free 383.El 384.Ss ZFS ARC Stats 385These stats are only displayed when the ARC is in use. 386.Pp 387.Bl -tag -width "Uncompressed" -compact 388.It Em Total 389number of wired bytes used for the ZFS ARC 390.It Em MRU 391number of ARC bytes holding most recently used data 392.It Em MFU 393number of ARC bytes holding most frequently used data 394.It Em Anon 395number of ARC bytes holding in flight data 396.It Em Header 397number of ARC bytes holding headers 398.It Em Other 399miscellaneous ARC bytes 400.It Em Compressed 401bytes of memory used by ARC caches 402.It Em Uncompressed 403bytes of data stored in ARC caches before compression 404.It Em Ratio 405compression ratio of data cached in the ARC 406.El 407.Ss Swap Stats 408.Bl -tag -width "Uncompressed" -compact 409.It Em Total 410total available swap usage 411.It Em Free 412total free swap usage 413.It Em Inuse 414swap usage 415.It Em \&In 416bytes paged in from swap devices (last interval) 417.It Em Out 418bytes paged out to swap devices (last interval) 419.El 420.Sh ENVIRONMENT 421.Bl -tag -width "Uncompressed" 422.It Ev TOP 423Default set of arguments to 424.Nm . 425.El 426.Sh SEE ALSO 427.Xr kill 1 , 428.Xr ps 1 , 429.Xr stty 1 , 430.Xr getrusage 2 , 431.Xr humanize_number 3 , 432.Xr mem 4 , 433.Xr renice 8 434.Sh AUTHORS 435.An William LeFebvre, EECS Department, Northwestern University 436.Sh BUGS 437The command name for swapped processes should be tracked down, but this 438would make the program run slower. 439.Pp 440As with 441.Xr ps 1 , 442things can change while 443.Nm 444is collecting information for an update. 445The picture it gives is only a close approximation to reality. 446