1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)time.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" 34.Dd June 6, 1993 35.Dt TIME 1 36.Os BSD 4 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm time 39.Nd time command execution 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41.Nm 42.Op Fl alp 43.Op Fl o Ar file 44.Ar command 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46The 47.Nm 48utility 49executes and 50times 51.Ar command 52by initiating a timer and passing the 53.Ar command 54to the 55shell. 56After the 57.Ar command 58finishes, 59.Nm 60writes to the standard error stream, 61(in seconds): 62the total time elapsed, 63the time used to execute the 64.Ar command 65process and the time consumed by system overhead. 66.Pp 67Available options: 68.Bl -tag -width Ds 69.It Fl a 70If the 71.Fl o 72flag is used, append to the specified file rather than overwriting 73it. Otherwise, this option has no effect. 74.It Fl l 75The contents of the 76.Em rusage 77structure are printed as well. 78.It Fl o Ar file 79Write the output to 80.Ar file 81instead of stderr. If 82.Ar file 83exists and the 84.Fl a 85flag is not specified, the file will be overwritten. 86.It Fl p 87Makes 88.Nm 89output POSIX.2 compliant (each time is printed on its own line). 90.El 91.Pp 92Most shells (including 93.Xr csh 1 ) 94have their own and syntactically different builtin version of 95.Nm time . 96The command described here 97is available as 98.Pa /usr/bin/time 99to users of those shells. 100.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 101If 102.Ar command 103could be timed successfully, its exit status is returned. In case 104.Ar command 105terminated abnormally, a warning message is output to stderr. 106If the 107.Ar command 108was found but could not be run, the exit status is 126. 109If no 110.Ar command 111could be found at all, the exit status is 127. 112If 113.Nm 114encounters any other error, the exit status is between 1 and 125 115included. 116.Sh SEE ALSO 117.Xr csh 1 , 118.Xr getrusage 2 , 119.Xr wait 2 120.Sh STANDARDS 121The 122.Nm 123utility is expected to conform to ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993 (``POSIX''). 124.Sh HISTORY 125A 126.Nm 127command appeared in 128.At v6 . 129