1.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd September 9, 1997 36.Dt SYSTAT 1 37.Os BSD 4.3 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm systat 40.Nd display system statistics on a crt 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl display 44.Op Ar refresh-interval 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46.Nm Systat 47displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion 48using the curses screen display library, 49.Xr curses 3 . 50.Pp 51While 52.Nm 53is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception 54is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The 55upper window depicts the current system load average. The 56information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on 57user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user 58input and error messages. 59.Pp 60By default 61.Nm 62displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor 63in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk 64.Tn I/O 65statistics (a la 66.Xr iostat 8 ) , 67virtual memory statistics (a la 68.Xr vmstat 8 ) , 69network ``mbuf'' utilization, 70.Tn TCP/IP 71statistics, 72and network connections (a la 73.Xr netstat 1 ) . 74.Pp 75Input is interpreted at two different levels. 76A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input. 77If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the 78input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This 79allows each display to have certain display-specific commands. 80.Pp 81Command line options: 82.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval" 83.It Fl Ns Ar display 84The 85.Fl 86flag expects 87.Ar display 88to be one of: 89.Ic icmp , 90.Ic iostat , 91.Ic ip , 92.Ic mbufs , 93.Ic netstat , 94.Ic pigs , 95.Ic swap , 96.Ic tcp , 97or 98.Ic vmstat . 99These displays can also be requested interactively (without the 100.Dq Fl ) 101and are described in 102full detail below. 103.It Ar refresh-interval 104The 105.Ar refresh-value 106specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds. 107.El 108.Pp 109Certain characters cause immediate action by 110.Nm systat . 111These are 112.Bl -tag -width Fl 113.It Ic \&^L 114Refresh the screen. 115.It Ic \&^G 116Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in 117the lower window and the refresh interval. 118.It Ic \&^Z 119Stop 120.Nm systat . 121.It Ic \&: 122Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input 123line typed as a command. While entering a command the 124current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters 125may be used. 126.El 127.Pp 128The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' 129command interpreter. 130.Bl -tag -width Fl 131.It Ic help 132Print the names of the available displays on the command line. 133.It Ic load 134Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes 135on the command line. 136.It Ic stop 137Stop refreshing the screen. 138.It Xo 139.Op Ic start 140.Op Ar number 141.Xc 142Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric, 143argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval 144(in seconds). 145Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this 146value. 147.It Ic quit 148Exit 149.Nm systat . 150(This may be abbreviated to 151.Ic q . ) 152.El 153.Pp 154The available displays are: 155.Bl -tag -width Ic 156.It Ic pigs 157Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main 158memory and getting the 159largest portion of the processor (the default display). 160When less than 100% of the 161processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time 162is accounted to the ``idle'' process. 163.It Ic icmp 164Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and 165transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol 166.Pq Dq Tn ICMP . 167The left half of the screen displays information about received 168packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted 169packets. 170.Pp 171The 172.Ic icmp 173display understands two commands: 174.Ic mode 175and 176.Ic reset . 177The 178.Ic mode 179command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument: 180.Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact 181.It Ic rate : 182show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default) 183per second 184.It Ic delta : 185show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval 186.It Ic since : 187show the total change of each value since the display was last reset 188.It Ic absolute : 189show the absolute value of each statistic 190.El 191.Pp 192The 193.Ic reset 194command resets the baseline for 195.Ic since 196mode. The 197.Ic mode 198command with no argument will display the current mode in the command 199line. 200.It Ic ip 201Otherwise identical to the 202.Ic icmp 203display, except that it displays 204.Tn IP 205and 206.Tn UDP 207statistics. 208.It Ic tcp 209Like 210.Ic icmp , 211but with 212.Tn TCP 213statistics. 214.It Ic iostat 215Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use 216and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as 217bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''), 218in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in 219system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''), 220and idle (``idle''). Statistics 221on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second, 222average number of disk transactions per second, and 223average kilobytes of data per transaction. This information may be 224displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar 225graphs are shown by default. 226.Pp 227The following commands are specific to the 228.Ic iostat 229display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied. 230.Pp 231.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 232.It Cm numbers 233Show the disk 234.Tn I/O 235statistics in numeric form. Values are 236displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward. 237.It Cm bars 238Show the disk 239.Tn I/O 240statistics in bar graph form (default). 241.It Cm kbpt 242Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction. (the default is to 243not display kilobytes per transaction). 244.El 245.It Ic swap 246Show information about swap space usage on all the 247swap areas compiled into the kernel. 248The first column is the device name of the partition. 249The next column is the total space available in the partition. 250The 251.Ar Used 252column indicates the total blocks used so far; 253the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition. 254If there are more than one swap partition in use, 255a total line is also shown. 256Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available. 257.It Ic mbufs 258Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated 259for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc. 260.It Ic vmstat 261Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium 262of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling, 263device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk 264.Tn I/O 265etc. 266.Pp 267The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number 268of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five, 269and fifteen minute intervals. 270Below this line are statistics on memory utilization. 271The first row of the table reports memory usage only among 272active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous 273twenty seconds. 274The second row reports on memory usage of all processes. 275The first column reports on the number of physical pages 276claimed by processes. 277The second column reports the number of physical pages that 278are devoted to read only text pages. 279The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for 280virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be 281needed if all processes had all of their pages. 282Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages 283on the free list. 284.Pp 285Below the memory display is a list of the 286average number of processes (over the last refresh interval) 287that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'), 288in disk wait other than paging (`d'), 289sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w'). 290The row also shows the average number of context switches 291(`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), 292interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page 293faults (`Flt'). 294.Pp 295Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and 296a bar graph showing the amount of 297system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'), 298nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` '). 299.Pp 300Below the process display are statistics on name translations. 301It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval, 302the number and percentage of the translations that were 303handled by the system wide name translation cache, and 304the number and percentage of the translations that were 305handled by the per process name translation cache. 306.Pp 307At the bottom left is the disk usage display. 308It reports the number of 309kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes 310per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged 311over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds). 312The system keeps statistics on most every storage device. In general, up 313to seven devices are displayed. The devices displayed by default are the 314first devices in the kernel's device list. See 315.Xr devstat 3 316and 317.Xr devstat 9 318for details on the devstat system. 319.Pp 320Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics 321on paging and swapping activity. 322The first two columns report the average number of pages 323brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval 324due to page faults and the paging daemon. 325The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages 326brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval 327due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler. 328The first row of the display shows the average 329number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval; 330the second row of the display shows the average 331number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval. 332.Pp 333Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual 334memory system which list the average number of 335pages copied on write (`cow'), 336pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'), 337slow (on-the-fly) zero fills percentage (`%slo-z'), 338pages wired down (`wire'), 339active pages (`act'), 340inactive pages (`inact'), 341pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'), 342number of free pages (`free'), 343pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'), 344pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'), 345pages reactivated from the free list (`react'), 346times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'), 347pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'), 348and 349intransit blocking page faults (`intrn') 350per second over the refresh interval. 351.Pp 352At the bottom of this column are lines showing the 353amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'), 354the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'), 355desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes') (mostly unused, 356except to size the name cache), 357number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'), 358and 359number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes'). 360.Pp 361Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown 362of the interrupts being handled by the system. 363At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second 364over the time interval. 365The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device 366by device basis. 367Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown. 368.Pp 369The following commands are specific to the 370.Ic vmstat 371display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied. 372.Pp 373.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact 374.It Cm boot 375Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted. 376.It Cm run 377Display statistics as a running total from the point this 378command is given. 379.It Cm time 380Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default). 381.It Cm want_fd 382Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display. 383.It Cm zero 384Reset running statistics to zero. 385.El 386.It Ic netstat 387Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default, 388network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address 389is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically, 390when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically, 391limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols 392(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied): 393.Pp 394.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact 395.It Cm all 396Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this 397is the equivalent of the 398.Fl a 399flag to 400.Xr netstat 1 ) . 401.It Cm numbers 402Display network addresses numerically. 403.It Cm names 404Display network addresses symbolically. 405.It Cm proto Ar protocol 406Display only network connections using the indicated 407.Ar protocol . 408Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''. 409.It Cm ignore Op Ar items 410Do not display information about connections associated with 411the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified 412by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses 413use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items 414may be specified with a single command by separating them with 415spaces. 416.It Cm display Op Ar items 417Display information about the connections associated with the 418specified hosts or ports. As for 419.Ar ignore , 420.Op Ar items 421may be names or numbers. 422.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts 423Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols, 424hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored 425are prefixed with a `!'. If 426.Ar ports 427or 428.Ar hosts 429is supplied as an argument to 430.Cm show , 431then only the requested information will be displayed. 432.It Cm reset 433Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default 434(any protocol, port, or host). 435.El 436.El 437.Pp 438Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the 439minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''. 440Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is 441insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10 442drives the 443.Ic iostat 444bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When 445a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is 446truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar. 447.Pp 448The following commands are common to each display which shows 449information about disk drives. These commands are used to 450select a set of drives to report on, should your system have 451more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the 452screen. 453.Pp 454.Bl -tag -width Tx -compact 455.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives 456Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple 457drives may be specified, separated by spaces. 458.It Cm display Op Ar drives 459Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives 460may be specified, separated by spaces. 461.It Cm only Op Ar drives 462Display only the specified drives. Multiple drives may be specified, 463separated by spaces. 464.It Cm drives 465Display a list of available devices. 466.It Cm match Ar type,if,pass Op Ar | ... 467Display devivces matching the given pattern. The basic matching 468expressions are the same as those used in 469.Xr iostat 8 470with one difference. Instead of specifying multiple 471.Fl t 472arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifys multiple 473matching expressions joined by the pipe ( | ) character. The comma 474separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and 475then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together. Any 476device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room 477to display it. For example: 478.Pp 479.Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide 480.Pp 481This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices. 482.Pp 483.Dl match da | sa | cd,pass 484.Pp 485This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices, 486and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives. 487.El 488.Sh SEE ALSO 489.Xr iostat 8 , 490.Xr netstat 1 , 491.Xr vmstat 8 , 492.Xr icmp 4 , 493.Xr ip 4 , 494.Xr tcp 4 , 495.Xr udp 4 496.Sh FILES 497.Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact 498.It Pa /kernel 499For the namelist. 500.It Pa /dev/kmem 501For information in main memory. 502.It Pa /dev/drum 503For information about swapped out processes. 504.It Pa /etc/hosts 505For host names. 506.It Pa /etc/networks 507For network names. 508.It Pa /etc/services 509For port names. 510.El 511.Sh HISTORY 512The 513.Nm 514program appeared in 515.Bx 4.3 . 516The 517.Ic icmp , 518.Ic ip , 519and 520.Ic tcp 521displays appeared in 522.Fx 3.0 ; 523the notion of having different display modes for the 524.Tn ICMP , 525.Tn IP , 526.Tn TCP , 527and 528.Tn UDP 529statistics was stolen from the 530.Fl C 531option to 532.Xr netstat 1 533in Silicon Graphics' 534.Tn IRIX 535system. 536.Sh BUGS 537Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu. 538Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line. 539The 540.Ic vmstat 541display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as 542a separate display rather than created as a new program). 543