1.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd September 9, 1997 36.Dt SYSTAT 1 37.Os BSD 4.3 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm systat 40.Nd display system statistics on a crt 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl display 44.Op Ar refresh-interval 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46.Nm Systat 47displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion 48using the curses screen display library, 49.Xr ncurses 3 . 50.Pp 51While 52.Nm 53is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception 54is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The 55upper window depicts the current system load average. The 56information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on 57user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user 58input and error messages. 59.Pp 60By default 61.Nm 62displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor 63in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk 64.Tn I/O 65statistics (a la 66.Xr iostat 8 ) , 67virtual memory statistics (a la 68.Xr vmstat 8 ) , 69network ``mbuf'' utilization, 70.Tn TCP/IP 71statistics, 72and network connections (a la 73.Xr netstat 1 ) . 74.Pp 75Input is interpreted at two different levels. 76A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input. 77If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the 78input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This 79allows each display to have certain display-specific commands. 80.Pp 81Command line options: 82.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval" 83.It Fl Ns Ar display 84The 85.Fl 86flag expects 87.Ar display 88to be one of: 89.Ic icmp , 90.Ic iostat , 91.Ic ip , 92.Ic mbufs , 93.Ic netstat , 94.Ic pigs , 95.Ic swap , 96.Ic tcp , 97or 98.Ic vmstat . 99These displays can also be requested interactively (without the 100.Dq Fl ) 101and are described in 102full detail below. 103.It Ar refresh-interval 104The 105.Ar refresh-value 106specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds. 107.El 108.Pp 109Certain characters cause immediate action by 110.Nm . 111These are 112.Bl -tag -width Fl 113.It Ic \&^L 114Refresh the screen. 115.It Ic \&^G 116Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in 117the lower window and the refresh interval. 118.It Ic \&^Z 119Stop 120.Nm . 121.It Ic \&: 122Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input 123line typed as a command. While entering a command the 124current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters 125may be used. 126.El 127.Pp 128The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' 129command interpreter. 130.Bl -tag -width Fl 131.It Ic help 132Print the names of the available displays on the command line. 133.It Ic load 134Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes 135on the command line. 136.It Ic stop 137Stop refreshing the screen. 138.It Xo 139.Op Ic start 140.Op Ar number 141.Xc 142Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric, 143argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval 144(in seconds). 145Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this 146value. 147.It Ic quit 148Exit 149.Nm . 150(This may be abbreviated to 151.Ic q . ) 152.El 153.Pp 154The available displays are: 155.Bl -tag -width Ic 156.It Ic pigs 157Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main 158memory and getting the 159largest portion of the processor (the default display). 160When less than 100% of the 161processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time 162is accounted to the ``idle'' process. 163.It Ic icmp 164Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and 165transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol 166.Pq Dq Tn ICMP . 167The left half of the screen displays information about received 168packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted 169packets. 170.Pp 171The 172.Ic icmp 173display understands two commands: 174.Ic mode 175and 176.Ic reset . 177The 178.Ic mode 179command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument: 180.Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact 181.It Ic rate : 182show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default) 183per second 184.It Ic delta : 185show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval 186.It Ic since : 187show the total change of each value since the display was last reset 188.It Ic absolute : 189show the absolute value of each statistic 190.El 191.Pp 192The 193.Ic reset 194command resets the baseline for 195.Ic since 196mode. The 197.Ic mode 198command with no argument will display the current mode in the command 199line. 200.It Ic ip 201Otherwise identical to the 202.Ic icmp 203display, except that it displays 204.Tn IP 205and 206.Tn UDP 207statistics. 208.It Ic tcp 209Like 210.Ic icmp , 211but with 212.Tn TCP 213statistics. 214.It Ic iostat 215Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use 216and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as 217bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''), 218in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in 219system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''), 220and idle (``idle''). Statistics 221on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second, 222average number of disk transactions per second, and 223average kilobytes of data per transaction. This information may be 224displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar 225graphs are shown by default. 226.Pp 227The following commands are specific to the 228.Ic iostat 229display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied. 230.Pp 231.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 232.It Cm numbers 233Show the disk 234.Tn I/O 235statistics in numeric form. Values are 236displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward. 237.It Cm bars 238Show the disk 239.Tn I/O 240statistics in bar graph form (default). 241.It Cm kbpt 242Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction. 243(the default is to 244not display kilobytes per transaction). 245.El 246.It Ic swap 247Show information about swap space usage on all the 248swap areas compiled into the kernel. 249The first column is the device name of the partition. 250The next column is the total space available in the partition. 251The 252.Ar Used 253column indicates the total blocks used so far; 254the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition. 255If there are more than one swap partition in use, 256a total line is also shown. 257Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available. 258.It Ic mbufs 259Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated 260for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc. 261.It Ic vmstat 262Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium 263of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling, 264device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk 265.Tn I/O 266etc. 267.Pp 268The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number 269of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five, 270and fifteen minute intervals. 271Below this line are statistics on memory utilization. 272The first row of the table reports memory usage only among 273active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous 274twenty seconds. 275The second row reports on memory usage of all processes. 276The first column reports on the number of physical pages 277claimed by processes. 278The second column reports the number of physical pages that 279are devoted to read only text pages. 280The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for 281virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be 282needed if all processes had all of their pages. 283Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages 284on the free list. 285.Pp 286Below the memory display is a list of the 287average number of processes (over the last refresh interval) 288that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'), 289in disk wait other than paging (`d'), 290sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w'). 291The row also shows the average number of context switches 292(`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), 293interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page 294faults (`Flt'). 295.Pp 296Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and 297a bar graph showing the amount of 298system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'), 299nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` '). 300.Pp 301Below the process display are statistics on name translations. 302It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval, 303the number and percentage of the translations that were 304handled by the system wide name translation cache, and 305the number and percentage of the translations that were 306handled by the per process name translation cache. 307.Pp 308At the bottom left is the disk usage display. 309It reports the number of 310kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes 311per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged 312over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds). 313The system keeps statistics on most every storage device. In general, up 314to seven devices are displayed. The devices displayed by default are the 315first devices in the kernel's device list. See 316.Xr devstat 3 317and 318.Xr devstat 9 319for details on the devstat system. 320.Pp 321Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics 322on paging and swapping activity. 323The first two columns report the average number of pages 324brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval 325due to page faults and the paging daemon. 326The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages 327brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval 328due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler. 329The first row of the display shows the average 330number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval; 331the second row of the display shows the average 332number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval. 333.Pp 334Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual 335memory system which list the average number of 336pages copied on write (`cow'), 337pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'), 338slow (on-the-fly) zero fills percentage (`%slo-z'), 339pages wired down (`wire'), 340active pages (`act'), 341inactive pages (`inact'), 342pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'), 343number of free pages (`free'), 344pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'), 345pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'), 346pages reactivated from the free list (`react'), 347times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'), 348pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'), 349and 350intransit blocking page faults (`intrn') 351per second over the refresh interval. 352.Pp 353At the bottom of this column are lines showing the 354amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'), 355the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'), 356desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes') (mostly unused, 357except to size the name cache), 358number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'), 359and 360number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes'). 361.Pp 362Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown 363of the interrupts being handled by the system. 364At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second 365over the time interval. 366The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device 367by device basis. 368Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown. 369.Pp 370The following commands are specific to the 371.Ic vmstat 372display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied. 373.Pp 374.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact 375.It Cm boot 376Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted. 377.It Cm run 378Display statistics as a running total from the point this 379command is given. 380.It Cm time 381Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default). 382.It Cm want_fd 383Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display. 384.It Cm zero 385Reset running statistics to zero. 386.El 387.It Ic netstat 388Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default, 389network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address 390is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically, 391when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically, 392limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols 393(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied): 394.Pp 395.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact 396.It Cm all 397Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this 398is the equivalent of the 399.Fl a 400flag to 401.Xr netstat 1 ) . 402.It Cm numbers 403Display network addresses numerically. 404.It Cm names 405Display network addresses symbolically. 406.It Cm proto Ar protocol 407Display only network connections using the indicated 408.Ar protocol . 409Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''. 410.It Cm ignore Op Ar items 411Do not display information about connections associated with 412the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified 413by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses 414use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items 415may be specified with a single command by separating them with 416spaces. 417.It Cm display Op Ar items 418Display information about the connections associated with the 419specified hosts or ports. As for 420.Ar ignore , 421.Op Ar items 422may be names or numbers. 423.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts 424Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols, 425hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored 426are prefixed with a `!'. If 427.Ar ports 428or 429.Ar hosts 430is supplied as an argument to 431.Cm show , 432then only the requested information will be displayed. 433.It Cm reset 434Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default 435(any protocol, port, or host). 436.El 437.El 438.Pp 439Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the 440minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''. 441Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is 442insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10 443drives the 444.Ic iostat 445bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When 446a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is 447truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar. 448.Pp 449The following commands are common to each display which shows 450information about disk drives. These commands are used to 451select a set of drives to report on, should your system have 452more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the 453screen. 454.Pp 455.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact 456.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives 457Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple 458drives may be specified, separated by spaces. 459.It Cm display Op Ar drives 460Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives 461may be specified, separated by spaces. 462.It Cm only Op Ar drives 463Display only the specified drives. Multiple drives may be specified, 464separated by spaces. 465.It Cm drives 466Display a list of available devices. 467.It Cm match Xo 468.Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass 469.Op | Ar ... 470.Xc 471Display devivces matching the given pattern. The basic matching 472expressions are the same as those used in 473.Xr iostat 8 474with one difference. Instead of specifying multiple 475.Fl t 476arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifys multiple 477matching expressions joined by the pipe 478.Pq Ql \&| 479character. 480The comma 481separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and 482then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together. Any 483device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room 484to display it. For example: 485.Pp 486.Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide 487.Pp 488This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices. 489.Pp 490.Dl match da | sa | cd,pass 491.Pp 492This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices, 493and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives. 494.El 495.Sh SEE ALSO 496.Xr netstat 1 , 497.Xr kvm 3 , 498.Xr icmp 4 , 499.Xr ip 4 , 500.Xr tcp 4 , 501.Xr udp 4 , 502.Xr iostat 8 , 503.Xr vmstat 8 504.Sh FILES 505.Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact 506.It Pa /kernel 507For the namelist. 508.It Pa /dev/kmem 509For information in main memory. 510.It Pa /etc/hosts 511For host names. 512.It Pa /etc/networks 513For network names. 514.It Pa /etc/services 515For port names. 516.El 517.Sh HISTORY 518The 519.Nm 520program appeared in 521.Bx 4.3 . 522The 523.Ic icmp , 524.Ic ip , 525and 526.Ic tcp 527displays appeared in 528.Fx 3.0 ; 529the notion of having different display modes for the 530.Tn ICMP , 531.Tn IP , 532.Tn TCP , 533and 534.Tn UDP 535statistics was stolen from the 536.Fl C 537option to 538.Xr netstat 1 539in Silicon Graphics' 540.Tn IRIX 541system. 542.Sh BUGS 543Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu. 544Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line. 545The 546.Ic vmstat 547display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as 548a separate display rather than created as a new program). 549