xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/stat/stat.c (revision f5147e312f43a9050468de539aeafa072caa1a60)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-NetBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 #if 0
34 #ifndef lint
35 __RCSID("$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.33 2011/01/15 22:54:10 njoly Exp $"
36 "$OpenBSD: stat.c,v 1.14 2009/06/24 09:44:25 sobrado Exp $");
37 #endif
38 #endif
39 
40 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
41 
42 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
43 #include "config.h"
44 #else  /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
45 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
46 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN 1
47 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME 1
48 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC 1
49 #define HAVE_DEVNAME 1
50 #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
51 
52 #include <sys/param.h>
53 #include <sys/types.h>
54 #include <sys/stat.h>
55 #include <sys/mount.h>
56 
57 #include <ctype.h>
58 #include <err.h>
59 #include <errno.h>
60 #include <grp.h>
61 #include <limits.h>
62 #include <paths.h>
63 #include <pwd.h>
64 #include <stdio.h>
65 #include <stdlib.h>
66 #include <string.h>
67 #include <time.h>
68 #include <unistd.h>
69 
70 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
71 #define DEF_F "%#Xf "
72 #define RAW_F "%f "
73 #define SHELL_F " st_flags=%f"
74 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
75 #define DEF_F
76 #define RAW_F
77 #define SHELL_F
78 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
79 
80 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
81 #define DEF_B "\"%SB\" "
82 #define RAW_B "%B "
83 #define SHELL_B "st_birthtime=%B "
84 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
85 #define DEF_B
86 #define RAW_B
87 #define SHELL_B
88 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
89 
90 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM
91 #define st_atimespec st_atim
92 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
93 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
94 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM */
95 
96 #define DEF_FORMAT \
97 	"%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " DEF_B \
98 	"%k %b " DEF_F "%N"
99 #define RAW_FORMAT	"%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " RAW_B \
100 	"%k %b " RAW_F "%N"
101 #define LS_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
102 #define LSF_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
103 #define SHELL_FORMAT \
104 	"st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
105 	"st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
106 	"st_atime=%a st_mtime=%m st_ctime=%c " SHELL_B \
107 	"st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b" SHELL_F
108 #define LINUX_FORMAT \
109 	"  File: \"%N\"%n" \
110 	"  Size: %-11z  FileType: %HT%n" \
111 	"  Mode: (%OMp%03OLp/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
112 	"Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
113 	"Access: %Sa%n" \
114 	"Modify: %Sm%n" \
115 	"Change: %Sc"
116 
117 #define TIME_FORMAT	"%b %e %T %Y"
118 
119 #define FLAG_POUND	0x01
120 #define FLAG_SPACE	0x02
121 #define FLAG_PLUS	0x04
122 #define FLAG_ZERO	0x08
123 #define FLAG_MINUS	0x10
124 
125 /*
126  * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
127  */
128 #define FMT_MAGIC	'%'
129 #define FMT_DOT		'.'
130 
131 #define SIMPLE_NEWLINE	'n'
132 #define SIMPLE_TAB	't'
133 #define SIMPLE_PERCENT	'%'
134 #define SIMPLE_NUMBER	'@'
135 
136 #define FMT_POUND	'#'
137 #define FMT_SPACE	' '
138 #define FMT_PLUS	'+'
139 #define FMT_ZERO	'0'
140 #define FMT_MINUS	'-'
141 
142 #define FMT_DECIMAL 	'D'
143 #define FMT_OCTAL 	'O'
144 #define FMT_UNSIGNED 	'U'
145 #define FMT_HEX 	'X'
146 #define FMT_FLOAT 	'F'
147 #define FMT_STRING 	'S'
148 
149 #define FMTF_DECIMAL	0x01
150 #define FMTF_OCTAL	0x02
151 #define FMTF_UNSIGNED	0x04
152 #define FMTF_HEX	0x08
153 #define FMTF_FLOAT	0x10
154 #define FMTF_STRING	0x20
155 
156 #define HIGH_PIECE	'H'
157 #define MIDDLE_PIECE	'M'
158 #define LOW_PIECE	'L'
159 
160 #define	SHOW_realpath	'R'
161 #define SHOW_st_dev	'd'
162 #define SHOW_st_ino	'i'
163 #define SHOW_st_mode	'p'
164 #define SHOW_st_nlink	'l'
165 #define SHOW_st_uid	'u'
166 #define SHOW_st_gid	'g'
167 #define SHOW_st_rdev	'r'
168 #define SHOW_st_atime	'a'
169 #define SHOW_st_mtime	'm'
170 #define SHOW_st_ctime	'c'
171 #define SHOW_st_btime	'B'
172 #define SHOW_st_size	'z'
173 #define SHOW_st_blocks	'b'
174 #define SHOW_st_blksize	'k'
175 #define SHOW_st_flags	'f'
176 #define SHOW_st_gen	'v'
177 #define SHOW_symlink	'Y'
178 #define SHOW_filetype	'T'
179 #define SHOW_filename	'N'
180 #define SHOW_sizerdev	'Z'
181 
182 void	usage(const char *);
183 void	output(const struct stat *, const char *,
184 	    const char *, int, int);
185 int	format1(const struct stat *,	/* stat info */
186 	    const char *,		/* the file name */
187 	    const char *, int,		/* the format string itself */
188 	    char *, size_t,		/* a place to put the output */
189 	    int, int, int, int,		/* the parsed format */
190 	    int, int);
191 int	hex2byte(const char [2]);
192 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
193 char   *xfflagstostr(unsigned long);
194 #endif
195 
196 static const char *timefmt;
197 static int linkfail;
198 
199 #define addchar(s, c, nl) \
200 	do { \
201 		(void)fputc((c), (s)); \
202 		(*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
203 	} while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)
204 
205 int
206 main(int argc, char *argv[])
207 {
208 	struct stat st;
209 	int ch, rc, errs, am_readlink;
210 	int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, nfs_handle, fn, nonl, quiet;
211 	const char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;
212 	char dname[sizeof _PATH_DEV + SPECNAMELEN] = _PATH_DEV;
213 	fhandle_t fhnd;
214 	const char *file;
215 
216 	am_readlink = 0;
217 	lsF = 0;
218 	fmtchar = '\0';
219 	usestat = 0;
220 	nfs_handle = 0;
221 	nonl = 0;
222 	quiet = 0;
223 	linkfail = 0;
224 	statfmt = NULL;
225 	timefmt = NULL;
226 
227 	if (strcmp(getprogname(), "readlink") == 0) {
228 		am_readlink = 1;
229 		options = "fn";
230 		synopsis = "[-fn] [file ...]";
231 		statfmt = "%Y";
232 		fmtchar = 'f';
233 		quiet = 1;
234 	} else {
235 		options = "f:FHlLnqrst:x";
236 		synopsis = "[-FLnq] [-f format | -l | -r | -s | -x] "
237 		    "[-t timefmt] [file|handle ...]";
238 	}
239 
240 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
241 		switch (ch) {
242 		case 'F':
243 			lsF = 1;
244 			break;
245                 case 'H':
246 			nfs_handle = 1;
247 			break;
248 		case 'L':
249 			usestat = 1;
250 			break;
251 		case 'n':
252 			nonl = 1;
253 			break;
254 		case 'q':
255 			quiet = 1;
256 			break;
257 		case 'f':
258 			if (am_readlink) {
259 				statfmt = "%R";
260 				break;
261 			}
262 			statfmt = optarg;
263 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
264 		case 'l':
265 		case 'r':
266 		case 's':
267 		case 'x':
268 			if (fmtchar != 0)
269 				errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
270 				    fmtchar, ch);
271 			fmtchar = ch;
272 			break;
273 		case 't':
274 			timefmt = optarg;
275 			break;
276 		default:
277 			usage(synopsis);
278 		}
279 
280 	argc -= optind;
281 	argv += optind;
282 	fn = 1;
283 
284 	if (fmtchar == '\0') {
285 		if (lsF)
286 			fmtchar = 'l';
287 		else {
288 			fmtchar = 'f';
289 			statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
290 		}
291 	}
292 
293 	if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l')
294 		errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);
295 
296 	switch (fmtchar) {
297 	case 'f':
298 		/* statfmt already set */
299 		break;
300 	case 'l':
301 		statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
302 		break;
303 	case 'r':
304 		statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
305 		break;
306 	case 's':
307 		statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
308 		break;
309 	case 'x':
310 		statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
311 		if (timefmt == NULL)
312 			timefmt = "%c";
313 		break;
314 	default:
315 		usage(synopsis);
316 		/*NOTREACHED*/
317 	}
318 
319 	if (timefmt == NULL)
320 		timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;
321 
322 	errs = 0;
323 	do {
324 		if (argc == 0) {
325 			if (fdevname_r(STDIN_FILENO, dname +
326 			    sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1, SPECNAMELEN) != NULL)
327 				file = dname;
328 			else
329 				file = "(stdin)";
330 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st);
331 		} else {
332 			int j;
333 
334 			file = argv[0];
335 			if (nfs_handle) {
336 				rc = 0;
337 				bzero(&fhnd, sizeof(fhnd));
338 				j = MIN(2 * sizeof(fhnd), strlen(file));
339 				if ((j & 1) != 0) {
340 					rc = -1;
341 				} else {
342 					while (j) {
343 						rc = hex2byte(&file[j - 2]);
344 						if (rc == -1)
345 							break;
346 						((char*) &fhnd)[j / 2 - 1] = rc;
347 						j -= 2;
348 					}
349 				}
350 				if (rc == -1)
351 					errno = EINVAL;
352 				else
353 					rc = fhstat(&fhnd, &st);
354 
355 			} else if (usestat) {
356 				/*
357 				 * Try stat() and if it fails, fall back to
358 				 * lstat() just in case we're examining a
359 				 * broken symlink.
360 				 */
361 				if ((rc = stat(file, &st)) == -1 &&
362 				    errno == ENOENT &&
363 				    (rc = lstat(file, &st)) == -1)
364 					errno = ENOENT;
365 			}
366 			else
367 				rc = lstat(file, &st);
368 		}
369 
370 		if (rc == -1) {
371 			errs = 1;
372 			linkfail = 1;
373 			if (!quiet)
374 				warn("%s: stat", file);
375 		}
376 		else
377 			output(&st, file, statfmt, fn, nonl);
378 
379 		argv++;
380 		argc--;
381 		fn++;
382 	} while (argc > 0);
383 
384 	return (am_readlink ? linkfail : errs);
385 }
386 
387 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
388 /*
389  * fflagstostr() wrapper that leaks only once
390  */
391 char *
392 xfflagstostr(unsigned long fflags)
393 {
394 	static char *str = NULL;
395 
396 	if (str != NULL)
397 		free(str);
398 
399 	str = fflagstostr(fflags);
400 	if (str == NULL)
401 		err(1, "fflagstostr");
402 	return (str);
403 }
404 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
405 
406 void
407 usage(const char *synopsis)
408 {
409 
410 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", getprogname(), synopsis);
411 	exit(1);
412 }
413 
414 /*
415  * Parses a format string.
416  */
417 void
418 output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
419     const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl)
420 {
421 	int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
422 	char buf[PATH_MAX + 4 + 1];
423 	const char *subfmt;
424 	int nl, t, i;
425 
426 	nl = 1;
427 	while (*statfmt != '\0') {
428 
429 		/*
430 		 * Non-format characters go straight out.
431 		 */
432 		if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
433 			addchar(stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
434 			statfmt++;
435 			continue;
436 		}
437 
438 		/*
439 		 * The current format "substring" starts here,
440 		 * and then we skip the magic.
441 		 */
442 		subfmt = statfmt;
443 		statfmt++;
444 
445 		/*
446 		 * Some simple one-character "formats".
447 		 */
448 		switch (*statfmt) {
449 		case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
450 			addchar(stdout, '\n', &nl);
451 			statfmt++;
452 			continue;
453 		case SIMPLE_TAB:
454 			addchar(stdout, '\t', &nl);
455 			statfmt++;
456 			continue;
457 		case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
458 			addchar(stdout, '%', &nl);
459 			statfmt++;
460 			continue;
461 		case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
462 			char num[12], *p;
463 
464 			snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
465 			for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
466 				addchar(stdout, *p, &nl);
467 			statfmt++;
468 			continue;
469 		}
470 		}
471 
472 		/*
473 		 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
474 		 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
475 		 * the form:
476 		 *
477 		 *	%	required start of format
478 		 *	[-# +0]	opt. format characters
479 		 *	size	opt. field width
480 		 *	.	opt. decimal separator, followed by
481 		 *	prec	opt. precision
482 		 *	fmt	opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
483 		 *	sub	opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
484 		 *	datum	required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
485 		 *
486 		 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
487 		 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
488 		 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
489 		 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
490 		 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
491 		 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
492 		 * block devices, and size output for all others.
493 		 */
494 		flags = 0;
495 		do {
496 			if      (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
497 				flags |= FLAG_POUND;
498 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
499 				flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
500 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
501 				flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
502 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
503 				flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
504 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
505 				flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
506 			else
507 				break;
508 			statfmt++;
509 		} while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);
510 
511 		size = -1;
512 		if (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
513 			size = 0;
514 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
515 				size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
516 				statfmt++;
517 				if (size < 0)
518 					goto badfmt;
519 			}
520 		}
521 
522 		prec = -1;
523 		if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
524 			statfmt++;
525 
526 			prec = 0;
527 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
528 				prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
529 				statfmt++;
530 				if (prec < 0)
531 					goto badfmt;
532 			}
533 		}
534 
535 #define fmtcase(x, y)		case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
536 #define fmtcasef(x, y, z)	case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
537 		switch (*statfmt) {
538 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,	FMTF_DECIMAL);
539 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,	FMTF_OCTAL);
540 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,	FMTF_UNSIGNED);
541 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,		FMTF_HEX);
542 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,	FMTF_FLOAT);
543 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,	FMTF_STRING);
544 		default:
545 			ofmt = 0;
546 			break;
547 		}
548 
549 		switch (*statfmt) {
550 			fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
551 			fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
552 			fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
553 		default:
554 			hilo = 0;
555 			break;
556 		}
557 
558 		switch (*statfmt) {
559 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_realpath);
560 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
561 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
562 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
563 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
564 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
565 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
566 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
567 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
568 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
569 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
570 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
571 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
572 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
573 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
574 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
575 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
576 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
577 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
578 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
579 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
580 		default:
581 			goto badfmt;
582 		}
583 #undef fmtcasef
584 #undef fmtcase
585 
586 		t = format1(st,
587 		     file,
588 		     subfmt, statfmt - subfmt,
589 		     buf, sizeof(buf),
590 		     flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what);
591 
592 		for (i = 0; i < t && i < (int)(sizeof(buf) - 1); i++)
593 			addchar(stdout, buf[i], &nl);
594 
595 		continue;
596 
597 	badfmt:
598 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
599 		    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
600 	}
601 
602 	if (!nl && !nonl)
603 		(void)fputc('\n', stdout);
604 	(void)fflush(stdout);
605 }
606 
607 /*
608  * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
609  */
610 int
611 format1(const struct stat *st,
612     const char *file,
613     const char *fmt, int flen,
614     char *buf, size_t blen,
615     int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
616     int hilo, int what)
617 {
618 	u_int64_t data;
619 	char *stmp, lfmt[24], tmp[20];
620 	const char *sdata;
621 	char smode[12], sid[12], path[PATH_MAX + 4];
622 	struct passwd *pw;
623 	struct group *gr;
624 	const struct timespec *tsp;
625 	struct timespec ts;
626 	struct tm *tm;
627 	int l, small, formats;
628 
629 	tsp = NULL;
630 	formats = 0;
631 	small = 0;
632 
633 	/*
634 	 * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
635 	 * specified output format (symlink output only).
636 	 */
637 	switch (what) {
638 	case SHOW_st_dev:
639 	case SHOW_st_rdev:
640 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
641 		data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
642 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
643 		sdata = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ?
644 		    devname(st->st_dev, S_IFBLK) :
645 		    devname(st->st_rdev,
646 		    S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
647 		    S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK :
648 		    0U);
649 		if (sdata == NULL)
650 			sdata = "???";
651 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
652 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
653 			data = major(data);
654 			hilo = 0;
655 		}
656 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
657 			data = minor((unsigned)data);
658 			hilo = 0;
659 		}
660 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
661 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
662 		    FMTF_STRING;
663 #else /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
664 		    0;
665 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
666 		if (ofmt == 0)
667 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
668 		break;
669 	case SHOW_st_ino:
670 		small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
671 		data = st->st_ino;
672 		sdata = NULL;
673 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
674 		if (ofmt == 0)
675 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
676 		break;
677 	case SHOW_st_mode:
678 		small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
679 		data = st->st_mode;
680 		strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
681 		stmp = smode;
682 		l = strlen(stmp);
683 		if (stmp[l - 1] == ' ')
684 			stmp[--l] = '\0';
685 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
686 			data >>= 12;
687 			stmp += 1;
688 			stmp[3] = '\0';
689 			hilo = 0;
690 		}
691 		else if (hilo == MIDDLE_PIECE) {
692 			data = (data >> 9) & 07;
693 			stmp += 4;
694 			stmp[3] = '\0';
695 			hilo = 0;
696 		}
697 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
698 			data &= 0777;
699 			stmp += 7;
700 			stmp[3] = '\0';
701 			hilo = 0;
702 		}
703 		sdata = stmp;
704 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
705 		    FMTF_STRING;
706 		if (ofmt == 0)
707 			ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
708 		break;
709 	case SHOW_st_nlink:
710 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
711 		data = st->st_nlink;
712 		sdata = NULL;
713 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
714 		if (ofmt == 0)
715 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
716 		break;
717 	case SHOW_st_uid:
718 		small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
719 		data = st->st_uid;
720 		if ((pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid)) != NULL)
721 			sdata = pw->pw_name;
722 		else {
723 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
724 			sdata = sid;
725 		}
726 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
727 		    FMTF_STRING;
728 		if (ofmt == 0)
729 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
730 		break;
731 	case SHOW_st_gid:
732 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
733 		data = st->st_gid;
734 		if ((gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid)) != NULL)
735 			sdata = gr->gr_name;
736 		else {
737 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
738 			sdata = sid;
739 		}
740 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
741 		    FMTF_STRING;
742 		if (ofmt == 0)
743 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
744 		break;
745 	case SHOW_st_atime:
746 		tsp = &st->st_atimespec;
747 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
748 	case SHOW_st_mtime:
749 		if (tsp == NULL)
750 			tsp = &st->st_mtimespec;
751 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
752 	case SHOW_st_ctime:
753 		if (tsp == NULL)
754 			tsp = &st->st_ctimespec;
755 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
756 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
757 	case SHOW_st_btime:
758 		if (tsp == NULL)
759 			tsp = &st->st_birthtimespec;
760 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
761 		ts = *tsp;		/* copy so we can muck with it */
762 		small = (sizeof(ts.tv_sec) == 4);
763 		data = ts.tv_sec;
764 		tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
765 		if (tm == NULL) {
766 			ts.tv_sec = 0;
767 			tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
768 		}
769 		(void)strftime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, tm);
770 		sdata = path;
771 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
772 		    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
773 		if (ofmt == 0)
774 			ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
775 		break;
776 	case SHOW_st_size:
777 		small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
778 		data = st->st_size;
779 		sdata = NULL;
780 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
781 		if (ofmt == 0)
782 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
783 		break;
784 	case SHOW_st_blocks:
785 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
786 		data = st->st_blocks;
787 		sdata = NULL;
788 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
789 		if (ofmt == 0)
790 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
791 		break;
792 	case SHOW_st_blksize:
793 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
794 		data = st->st_blksize;
795 		sdata = NULL;
796 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
797 		if (ofmt == 0)
798 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
799 		break;
800 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
801 	case SHOW_st_flags:
802 		small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
803 		data = st->st_flags;
804 		sdata = xfflagstostr(st->st_flags);
805 		if (*sdata == '\0')
806 			sdata = "-";
807 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
808 		    FMTF_STRING;
809 		if (ofmt == 0)
810 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
811 		break;
812 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
813 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
814 	case SHOW_st_gen:
815 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
816 		data = st->st_gen;
817 		sdata = NULL;
818 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
819 		if (ofmt == 0)
820 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
821 		break;
822 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN */
823 	case SHOW_realpath:
824 		small = 0;
825 		data = 0;
826 		if (file == NULL) {
827 			(void)strlcpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
828 			sdata = path;
829 		} else {
830 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
831 			if (realpath(file, path + 4) == NULL) {
832 				linkfail = 1;
833 				l = 0;
834 				path[0] = '\0';
835 			}
836 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
837 		}
838 
839 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
840 		if (ofmt == 0)
841 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
842 		break;
843 	case SHOW_symlink:
844 		small = 0;
845 		data = 0;
846 		if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
847 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
848 			l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
849 			if (l == -1) {
850 				linkfail = 1;
851 				l = 0;
852 				path[0] = '\0';
853 			}
854 			path[l + 4] = '\0';
855 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
856 		}
857 		else {
858 			linkfail = 1;
859 			sdata = "";
860 		}
861 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
862 		if (ofmt == 0)
863 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
864 		break;
865 	case SHOW_filetype:
866 		small = 0;
867 		data = 0;
868 		sdata = "";
869 		if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
870 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
871 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "|";	break;
872 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "/";	break;
873 			case S_IFREG:
874 				if (st->st_mode &
875 				    (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
876 					sdata = "*";
877 				break;
878 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "@";	break;
879 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "=";	break;
880 #ifdef S_IFWHT
881 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "%";	break;
882 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
883 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
884 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = ">";	break;
885 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
886 			}
887 			hilo = 0;
888 		}
889 		else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
890 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
891 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "Fifo File";		break;
892 			case S_IFCHR:	sdata = "Character Device";	break;
893 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "Directory";		break;
894 			case S_IFBLK:	sdata = "Block Device";		break;
895 			case S_IFREG:	sdata = "Regular File";		break;
896 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "Symbolic Link";	break;
897 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "Socket";		break;
898 #ifdef S_IFWHT
899 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "Whiteout File";	break;
900 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
901 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
902 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = "Door";			break;
903 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
904 			default:	sdata = "???";			break;
905 			}
906 			hilo = 0;
907 		}
908 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
909 		if (ofmt == 0)
910 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
911 		break;
912 	case SHOW_filename:
913 		small = 0;
914 		data = 0;
915 		(void)strlcpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
916 		sdata = path;
917 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
918 		if (ofmt == 0)
919 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
920 		break;
921 	case SHOW_sizerdev:
922 		if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
923 			char majdev[20], mindev[20];
924 			int l1, l2;
925 
926 			l1 = format1(st,
927 			    file,
928 			    fmt, flen,
929 			    majdev, sizeof(majdev),
930 			    flags, size, prec,
931 			    ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
932 			l2 = format1(st,
933 			    file,
934 			    fmt, flen,
935 			    mindev, sizeof(mindev),
936 			    flags, size, prec,
937 			    ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
938 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
939 			    l1, majdev, l2, mindev));
940 		}
941 		else {
942 			return (format1(st,
943 			    file,
944 			    fmt, flen,
945 			    buf, blen,
946 			    flags, size, prec,
947 			    ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size));
948 		}
949 		/*NOTREACHED*/
950 	default:
951 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
952 	}
953 
954 	/*
955 	 * If a subdatum was specified but not supported, or an output
956 	 * format was selected that is not supported, that's an error.
957 	 */
958 	if (hilo != 0 || (ofmt & formats) == 0)
959 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
960 
961 	/*
962 	 * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
963 	 */
964 	lfmt[0] = '\0';
965 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "%");
966 	if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
967 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "#");
968 	if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
969 		(void)strcat(lfmt, " ");
970 	if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
971 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "+");
972 	if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
973 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "-");
974 	if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
975 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "0");
976 
977 	/*
978 	 * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
979 	 * requires work that differs from the other formats.
980 	 */
981 	if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
982 		/*
983 		 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
984 		 */
985 		if (prec == 0) {
986 			if (size != -1) {
987 				(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
988 				(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
989 			}
990 			(void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
991 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt,
992 			    (long long)ts.tv_sec));
993 		}
994 
995 		/*
996 		 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
997 		 * 9 digits.
998 		 */
999 		if (prec == -1)
1000 			prec = 9;
1001 
1002 		/*
1003 		 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
1004 		 * that will follow.
1005 		 */
1006 		size -= prec + 1;
1007 
1008 		/*
1009 		 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
1010 		 */
1011 		if (size > 0) {
1012 			(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1013 			(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1014 		}
1015 		/* Seconds: time_t cast to long long. */
1016 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
1017 
1018 		/*
1019 		 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
1020 		 * filling.
1021 		 */
1022 		(void)strcat(lfmt, ".%0");
1023 
1024 		/*
1025 		 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
1026 		 * rest we will pad on at the end.
1027 		 *
1028 		 * Nanoseconds: long.
1029 		 */
1030 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dld", MIN(prec, 9));
1031 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1032 
1033 		/*
1034 		 * For precision of less that nine digits, trim off the
1035 		 * less significant figures.
1036 		 */
1037 		for (; prec < 9; prec++)
1038 			ts.tv_nsec /= 10;
1039 
1040 		/*
1041 		 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
1042 		 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
1043 		 */
1044 		l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, (long long)ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
1045 		for (; prec > 9 && l < (int)blen; prec--, l++)
1046 			(void)strcat(buf, "0");
1047 		return (l);
1048 	}
1049 
1050 	/*
1051 	 * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
1052 	 */
1053 	if (size != -1) {
1054 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1055 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1056 	}
1057 	if (prec != -1) {
1058 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
1059 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1060 	}
1061 
1062 	/*
1063 	 * String output uses the temporary sdata.
1064 	 */
1065 	if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
1066 		if (sdata == NULL)
1067 			errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
1068 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "s");
1069 		return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata));
1070 	}
1071 
1072 	/*
1073 	 * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
1074 	 * for some forms.
1075 	 */
1076 	if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
1077 		data = (u_int32_t)data;
1078 
1079 	/*
1080 	 * The four "numeric" output forms.
1081 	 */
1082 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "ll");
1083 	switch (ofmt) {
1084 	case FMTF_DECIMAL:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");	break;
1085 	case FMTF_OCTAL:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "o");	break;
1086 	case FMTF_UNSIGNED:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "u");	break;
1087 	case FMTF_HEX:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "x");	break;
1088 	}
1089 
1090 	return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data));
1091 }
1092 
1093 
1094 #define hex2nibble(c) (c <= '9' ? c - '0' : toupper(c) - 'A' + 10)
1095 int
1096 hex2byte(const char c[2]) {
1097 	if (!(ishexnumber(c[0]) && ishexnumber(c[1])))
1098 		return -1;
1099 	return (hex2nibble(c[0]) << 4) + hex2nibble(c[1]);
1100 }
1101