xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/stat/stat.c (revision 908e960ea6343acd9515d89d5d5696f9d8bf090c)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
6  * by Andrew Brown.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18  *      This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
19  *      Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
20  * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
21  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
22  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
25  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
26  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
27  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
28  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
29  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
30  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
31  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
32  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
33  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
34  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #if 0
39 #ifndef lint
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.13 2003/07/25 03:21:17 atatat Exp $");
41 #endif
42 #endif
43 
44 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
45 
46 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
47 #include "config.h"
48 #else  /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
49 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
50 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN 1
51 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME 1
52 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC 1
53 #define HAVE_DEVNAME 1
54 #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
55 
56 #include <sys/param.h>
57 #include <sys/types.h>
58 #include <sys/stat.h>
59 
60 #include <ctype.h>
61 #include <err.h>
62 #include <grp.h>
63 #include <limits.h>
64 #include <paths.h>
65 #include <pwd.h>
66 #include <stdio.h>
67 #include <stdlib.h>
68 #include <string.h>
69 #include <time.h>
70 #include <unistd.h>
71 
72 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
73 #define DEF_F "%#Xf "
74 #define RAW_F "%f "
75 #define SHELL_F " st_flags=%f"
76 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
77 #define DEF_F
78 #define RAW_F
79 #define SHELL_F
80 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
81 
82 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
83 #define DEF_B "\"%SB\" "
84 #define RAW_B "%B "
85 #define SHELL_B "st_birthtime=%B "
86 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
87 #define DEF_B
88 #define RAW_B
89 #define SHELL_B
90 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
91 
92 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM
93 #define st_atimespec st_atim
94 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
95 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
96 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM */
97 
98 #define DEF_FORMAT \
99 	"%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " DEF_B \
100 	"%k %b " DEF_F "%N"
101 #define RAW_FORMAT	"%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " RAW_B \
102 	"%k %b " RAW_F "%N"
103 #define LS_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
104 #define LSF_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
105 #define SHELL_FORMAT \
106 	"st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
107 	"st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
108 	"st_atime=%a st_mtime=%m st_ctime=%c " SHELL_B \
109 	"st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b" SHELL_F
110 #define LINUX_FORMAT \
111 	"  File: \"%N\"%n" \
112 	"  Size: %-11z  FileType: %HT%n" \
113 	"  Mode: (%OMp%03OLp/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
114 	"Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
115 	"Access: %Sa%n" \
116 	"Modify: %Sm%n" \
117 	"Change: %Sc"
118 
119 #define TIME_FORMAT	"%b %e %T %Y"
120 
121 #define FLAG_POUND	0x01
122 #define FLAG_SPACE	0x02
123 #define FLAG_PLUS	0x04
124 #define FLAG_ZERO	0x08
125 #define FLAG_MINUS	0x10
126 
127 /*
128  * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
129  */
130 #define FMT_MAGIC	'%'
131 #define FMT_DOT		'.'
132 
133 #define SIMPLE_NEWLINE	'n'
134 #define SIMPLE_TAB	't'
135 #define SIMPLE_PERCENT	'%'
136 #define SIMPLE_NUMBER	'@'
137 
138 #define FMT_POUND	'#'
139 #define FMT_SPACE	' '
140 #define FMT_PLUS	'+'
141 #define FMT_ZERO	'0'
142 #define FMT_MINUS	'-'
143 
144 #define FMT_DECIMAL 	'D'
145 #define FMT_OCTAL 	'O'
146 #define FMT_UNSIGNED 	'U'
147 #define FMT_HEX 	'X'
148 #define FMT_FLOAT 	'F'
149 #define FMT_STRING 	'S'
150 
151 #define FMTF_DECIMAL	0x01
152 #define FMTF_OCTAL	0x02
153 #define FMTF_UNSIGNED	0x04
154 #define FMTF_HEX	0x08
155 #define FMTF_FLOAT	0x10
156 #define FMTF_STRING	0x20
157 
158 #define HIGH_PIECE	'H'
159 #define MIDDLE_PIECE	'M'
160 #define LOW_PIECE	'L'
161 
162 #define SHOW_st_dev	'd'
163 #define SHOW_st_ino	'i'
164 #define SHOW_st_mode	'p'
165 #define SHOW_st_nlink	'l'
166 #define SHOW_st_uid	'u'
167 #define SHOW_st_gid	'g'
168 #define SHOW_st_rdev	'r'
169 #define SHOW_st_atime	'a'
170 #define SHOW_st_mtime	'm'
171 #define SHOW_st_ctime	'c'
172 #define SHOW_st_btime	'B'
173 #define SHOW_st_size	'z'
174 #define SHOW_st_blocks	'b'
175 #define SHOW_st_blksize	'k'
176 #define SHOW_st_flags	'f'
177 #define SHOW_st_gen	'v'
178 #define SHOW_symlink	'Y'
179 #define SHOW_filetype	'T'
180 #define SHOW_filename	'N'
181 #define SHOW_sizerdev	'Z'
182 
183 void	usage(const char *);
184 void	output(const struct stat *, const char *,
185 	    const char *, int, int, int);
186 int	format1(const struct stat *,	/* stat info */
187 	    const char *,		/* the file name */
188 	    const char *, int,		/* the format string itself */
189 	    char *, size_t,		/* a place to put the output */
190 	    int, int, int, int,		/* the parsed format */
191 	    int, int);
192 
193 char *timefmt;
194 int linkfail;
195 
196 #define addchar(s, c, nl) \
197 	do { \
198 		(void)fputc((c), (s)); \
199 		(*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
200 	} while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)
201 
202 int
203 main(int argc, char *argv[])
204 {
205 	struct stat st;
206 	int ch, rc, errs, am_readlink;
207 	int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, fn, nonl, quiet;
208 	char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;
209 	char dname[sizeof _PATH_DEV + SPECNAMELEN] = _PATH_DEV;
210 	const char *file;
211 
212 	am_readlink = 0;
213 	lsF = 0;
214 	fmtchar = '\0';
215 	usestat = 0;
216 	nonl = 0;
217 	quiet = 0;
218 	linkfail = 0;
219 	statfmt = NULL;
220 	timefmt = NULL;
221 
222 	if (strcmp(getprogname(), "readlink") == 0) {
223 		am_readlink = 1;
224 		options = "n";
225 		synopsis = "[-n] [file ...]";
226 		statfmt = "%Y";
227 		fmtchar = 'f';
228 		quiet = 1;
229 	} else {
230 		options = "f:FlLnqrst:x";
231 		synopsis = "[-FlLnqrsx] [-f format] [-t timefmt] [file ...]";
232 	}
233 
234 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
235 		switch (ch) {
236 		case 'F':
237 			lsF = 1;
238 			break;
239 		case 'L':
240 			usestat = 1;
241 			break;
242 		case 'n':
243 			nonl = 1;
244 			break;
245 		case 'q':
246 			quiet = 1;
247 			break;
248 		case 'f':
249 			statfmt = optarg;
250 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
251 		case 'l':
252 		case 'r':
253 		case 's':
254 		case 'x':
255 			if (fmtchar != 0)
256 				errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
257 				    fmtchar, ch);
258 			fmtchar = ch;
259 			break;
260 		case 't':
261 			timefmt = optarg;
262 			break;
263 		default:
264 			usage(synopsis);
265 		}
266 
267 	argc -= optind;
268 	argv += optind;
269 	fn = 1;
270 
271 	if (fmtchar == '\0') {
272 		if (lsF)
273 			fmtchar = 'l';
274 		else {
275 			fmtchar = 'f';
276 			statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
277 		}
278 	}
279 
280 	if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l')
281 		errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);
282 
283 	switch (fmtchar) {
284 	case 'f':
285 		/* statfmt already set */
286 		break;
287 	case 'l':
288 		statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
289 		break;
290 	case 'r':
291 		statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
292 		break;
293 	case 's':
294 		statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
295 		break;
296 	case 'x':
297 		statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
298 		if (timefmt == NULL)
299 			timefmt = "%c";
300 		break;
301 	default:
302 		usage(synopsis);
303 		/*NOTREACHED*/
304 	}
305 
306 	if (timefmt == NULL)
307 		timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;
308 
309 	errs = 0;
310 	do {
311 		if (argc == 0) {
312 			if (fdevname_r(STDIN_FILENO, dname +
313 			    sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1, SPECNAMELEN) != NULL)
314 				file = dname;
315 			else
316 				file = "(stdin)";
317 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st);
318 		} else {
319 			file = argv[0];
320 			if (usestat)
321 				rc = stat(file, &st);
322 			else
323 				rc = lstat(file, &st);
324 		}
325 
326 		if (rc == -1) {
327 			errs = 1;
328 			linkfail = 1;
329 			if (!quiet)
330 				warn("%s: stat", file);
331 		}
332 		else
333 			output(&st, file, statfmt, fn, nonl, quiet);
334 
335 		argv++;
336 		argc--;
337 		fn++;
338 	} while (argc > 0);
339 
340 	return (am_readlink ? linkfail : errs);
341 }
342 
343 void
344 usage(const char *synopsis)
345 {
346 
347 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", getprogname(), synopsis);
348 	exit(1);
349 }
350 
351 /*
352  * Parses a format string.
353  */
354 void
355 output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
356     const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl, int quiet)
357 {
358 	int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
359 	char buf[PATH_MAX];
360 	const char *subfmt;
361 	int nl, t, i;
362 
363 	nl = 1;
364 	while (*statfmt != '\0') {
365 
366 		/*
367 		 * Non-format characters go straight out.
368 		 */
369 		if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
370 			addchar(stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
371 			statfmt++;
372 			continue;
373 		}
374 
375 		/*
376 		 * The current format "substring" starts here,
377 		 * and then we skip the magic.
378 		 */
379 		subfmt = statfmt;
380 		statfmt++;
381 
382 		/*
383 		 * Some simple one-character "formats".
384 		 */
385 		switch (*statfmt) {
386 		case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
387 			addchar(stdout, '\n', &nl);
388 			statfmt++;
389 			continue;
390 		case SIMPLE_TAB:
391 			addchar(stdout, '\t', &nl);
392 			statfmt++;
393 			continue;
394 		case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
395 			addchar(stdout, '%', &nl);
396 			statfmt++;
397 			continue;
398 		case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
399 			char num[12], *p;
400 
401 			snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
402 			for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
403 				addchar(stdout, *p, &nl);
404 			statfmt++;
405 			continue;
406 		}
407 		}
408 
409 		/*
410 		 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
411 		 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
412 		 * the form:
413 		 *
414 		 *	%	required start of format
415 		 *	[-# +0]	opt. format characters
416 		 *	size	opt. field width
417 		 *	.	opt. decimal separator, followed by
418 		 *	prec	opt. precision
419 		 *	fmt	opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
420 		 *	sub	opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
421 		 *	datum	required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
422 		 *
423 		 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
424 		 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
425 		 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
426 		 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
427 		 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
428 		 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
429 		 * block devices, and size output for all others.
430 		 */
431 		flags = 0;
432 		do {
433 			if      (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
434 				flags |= FLAG_POUND;
435 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
436 				flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
437 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
438 				flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
439 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
440 				flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
441 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
442 				flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
443 			else
444 				break;
445 			statfmt++;
446 		} while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);
447 
448 		size = -1;
449 		if (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
450 			size = 0;
451 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
452 				size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
453 				statfmt++;
454 				if (size < 0)
455 					goto badfmt;
456 			}
457 		}
458 
459 		prec = -1;
460 		if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
461 			statfmt++;
462 
463 			prec = 0;
464 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
465 				prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
466 				statfmt++;
467 				if (prec < 0)
468 					goto badfmt;
469 			}
470 		}
471 
472 #define fmtcase(x, y)		case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
473 #define fmtcasef(x, y, z)	case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
474 		switch (*statfmt) {
475 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,	FMTF_DECIMAL);
476 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,	FMTF_OCTAL);
477 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,	FMTF_UNSIGNED);
478 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,		FMTF_HEX);
479 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,	FMTF_FLOAT);
480 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,	FMTF_STRING);
481 		default:
482 			ofmt = 0;
483 			break;
484 		}
485 
486 		switch (*statfmt) {
487 			fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
488 			fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
489 			fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
490 		default:
491 			hilo = 0;
492 			break;
493 		}
494 
495 		switch (*statfmt) {
496 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
497 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
498 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
499 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
500 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
501 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
502 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
503 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
504 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
505 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
506 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
507 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
508 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
509 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
510 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
511 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
512 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
513 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
514 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
515 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
516 		default:
517 			goto badfmt;
518 		}
519 #undef fmtcasef
520 #undef fmtcase
521 
522 		t = format1(st,
523 		     file,
524 		     subfmt, statfmt - subfmt,
525 		     buf, sizeof(buf),
526 		     flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what);
527 
528 		for (i = 0; i < t && i < sizeof(buf); i++)
529 			addchar(stdout, buf[i], &nl);
530 
531 		continue;
532 
533 	badfmt:
534 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
535 		    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
536 	}
537 
538 	if (!nl && !nonl)
539 		(void)fputc('\n', stdout);
540 	(void)fflush(stdout);
541 }
542 
543 /*
544  * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
545  */
546 int
547 format1(const struct stat *st,
548     const char *file,
549     const char *fmt, int flen,
550     char *buf, size_t blen,
551     int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
552     int hilo, int what)
553 {
554 	u_int64_t data;
555 	char *sdata, lfmt[24], tmp[20];
556 	char smode[12], sid[12], path[PATH_MAX + 4];
557 	struct passwd *pw;
558 	struct group *gr;
559 	const struct timespec *tsp;
560 	struct timespec ts;
561 	struct tm *tm;
562 	int l, small, formats;
563 
564 	tsp = NULL;
565 	formats = 0;
566 	small = 0;
567 
568 	/*
569 	 * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
570 	 * specified output format (symlink output only).
571 	 */
572 	switch (what) {
573 	case SHOW_st_dev:
574 	case SHOW_st_rdev:
575 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
576 		data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
577 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
578 		sdata = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ?
579 		    devname(st->st_dev, S_IFBLK) :
580 		    devname(st->st_rdev,
581 		    S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
582 		    S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK :
583 		    0U);
584 		if (sdata == NULL)
585 			sdata = "???";
586 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
587 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
588 			data = major(data);
589 			hilo = 0;
590 		}
591 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
592 			data = minor((unsigned)data);
593 			hilo = 0;
594 		}
595 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
596 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
597 		    FMTF_STRING;
598 #else /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
599 		    0;
600 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
601 		if (ofmt == 0)
602 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
603 		break;
604 	case SHOW_st_ino:
605 		small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
606 		data = st->st_ino;
607 		sdata = NULL;
608 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
609 		if (ofmt == 0)
610 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
611 		break;
612 	case SHOW_st_mode:
613 		small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
614 		data = st->st_mode;
615 		strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
616 		sdata = smode;
617 		l = strlen(sdata);
618 		if (sdata[l - 1] == ' ')
619 			sdata[--l] = '\0';
620 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
621 			data >>= 12;
622 			sdata += 1;
623 			sdata[3] = '\0';
624 			hilo = 0;
625 		}
626 		else if (hilo == MIDDLE_PIECE) {
627 			data = (data >> 9) & 07;
628 			sdata += 4;
629 			sdata[3] = '\0';
630 			hilo = 0;
631 		}
632 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
633 			data &= 0777;
634 			sdata += 7;
635 			sdata[3] = '\0';
636 			hilo = 0;
637 		}
638 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
639 		    FMTF_STRING;
640 		if (ofmt == 0)
641 			ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
642 		break;
643 	case SHOW_st_nlink:
644 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
645 		data = st->st_nlink;
646 		sdata = NULL;
647 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
648 		if (ofmt == 0)
649 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
650 		break;
651 	case SHOW_st_uid:
652 		small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
653 		data = st->st_uid;
654 		if ((pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid)) != NULL)
655 			sdata = pw->pw_name;
656 		else {
657 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
658 			sdata = sid;
659 		}
660 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
661 		    FMTF_STRING;
662 		if (ofmt == 0)
663 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
664 		break;
665 	case SHOW_st_gid:
666 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
667 		data = st->st_gid;
668 		if ((gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid)) != NULL)
669 			sdata = gr->gr_name;
670 		else {
671 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
672 			sdata = sid;
673 		}
674 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
675 		    FMTF_STRING;
676 		if (ofmt == 0)
677 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
678 		break;
679 	case SHOW_st_atime:
680 		tsp = &st->st_atimespec;
681 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
682 	case SHOW_st_mtime:
683 		if (tsp == NULL)
684 			tsp = &st->st_mtimespec;
685 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
686 	case SHOW_st_ctime:
687 		if (tsp == NULL)
688 			tsp = &st->st_ctimespec;
689 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
690 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
691 	case SHOW_st_btime:
692 		if (tsp == NULL)
693 			tsp = &st->st_birthtimespec;
694 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
695 		ts = *tsp;		/* copy so we can muck with it */
696 		small = (sizeof(ts.tv_sec) == 4);
697 		data = ts.tv_sec;
698 		small = 1;
699 		tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
700 		(void)strftime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, tm);
701 		sdata = path;
702 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
703 		    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
704 		if (ofmt == 0)
705 			ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
706 		break;
707 	case SHOW_st_size:
708 		small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
709 		data = st->st_size;
710 		sdata = NULL;
711 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
712 		if (ofmt == 0)
713 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
714 		break;
715 	case SHOW_st_blocks:
716 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
717 		data = st->st_blocks;
718 		sdata = NULL;
719 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
720 		if (ofmt == 0)
721 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
722 		break;
723 	case SHOW_st_blksize:
724 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
725 		data = st->st_blksize;
726 		sdata = NULL;
727 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
728 		if (ofmt == 0)
729 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
730 		break;
731 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
732 	case SHOW_st_flags:
733 		small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
734 		data = st->st_flags;
735 		sdata = NULL;
736 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
737 		if (ofmt == 0)
738 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
739 		break;
740 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
741 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
742 	case SHOW_st_gen:
743 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
744 		data = st->st_gen;
745 		sdata = NULL;
746 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
747 		if (ofmt == 0)
748 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
749 		break;
750 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN */
751 	case SHOW_symlink:
752 		small = 0;
753 		data = 0;
754 		if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
755 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
756 			l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
757 			if (l == -1) {
758 				linkfail = 1;
759 				l = 0;
760 				path[0] = '\0';
761 			}
762 			path[l + 4] = '\0';
763 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
764 		}
765 		else {
766 			linkfail = 1;
767 			sdata = "";
768 		}
769 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
770 		if (ofmt == 0)
771 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
772 		break;
773 	case SHOW_filetype:
774 		small = 0;
775 		data = 0;
776 		sdata = smode;
777 		sdata[0] = '\0';
778 		if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
779 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
780 			case S_IFIFO:	(void)strcat(sdata, "|");	break;
781 			case S_IFDIR:	(void)strcat(sdata, "/");	break;
782 			case S_IFREG:
783 				if (st->st_mode &
784 				    (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
785 					(void)strcat(sdata, "*");
786 				break;
787 			case S_IFLNK:	(void)strcat(sdata, "@");	break;
788 			case S_IFSOCK:	(void)strcat(sdata, "=");	break;
789 #ifdef S_IFWHT
790 			case S_IFWHT:	(void)strcat(sdata, "%");	break;
791 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
792 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
793 			case S_IFDOOR:	(void)strcat(sdata, ">");	break;
794 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
795 			}
796 			hilo = 0;
797 		}
798 		else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
799 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
800 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "Fifo File";		break;
801 			case S_IFCHR:	sdata = "Character Device";	break;
802 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "Directory";		break;
803 			case S_IFBLK:	sdata = "Block Device";		break;
804 			case S_IFREG:	sdata = "Regular File";		break;
805 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "Symbolic Link";	break;
806 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "Socket";		break;
807 #ifdef S_IFWHT
808 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "Whiteout File";	break;
809 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
810 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
811 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = "Door";			break;
812 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
813 			default:	sdata = "???";			break;
814 			}
815 			hilo = 0;
816 		}
817 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
818 		if (ofmt == 0)
819 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
820 		break;
821 	case SHOW_filename:
822 		small = 0;
823 		data = 0;
824 		(void)strncpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
825 		sdata = path;
826 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
827 		if (ofmt == 0)
828 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
829 		break;
830 	case SHOW_sizerdev:
831 		if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
832 			char majdev[20], mindev[20];
833 			int l1, l2;
834 
835 			l1 = format1(st,
836 			    file,
837 			    fmt, flen,
838 			    majdev, sizeof(majdev),
839 			    flags, size, prec,
840 			    ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
841 			l2 = format1(st,
842 			    file,
843 			    fmt, flen,
844 			    mindev, sizeof(mindev),
845 			    flags, size, prec,
846 			    ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
847 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
848 			    l1, majdev, l2, mindev));
849 		}
850 		else {
851 			return (format1(st,
852 			    file,
853 			    fmt, flen,
854 			    buf, blen,
855 			    flags, size, prec,
856 			    ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size));
857 		}
858 		/*NOTREACHED*/
859 	default:
860 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
861 	}
862 
863 	/*
864 	 * If a subdatum was specified but not supported, or an output
865 	 * format was selected that is not supported, that's an error.
866 	 */
867 	if (hilo != 0 || (ofmt & formats) == 0)
868 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
869 
870 	/*
871 	 * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
872 	 */
873 	lfmt[0] = '\0';
874 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "%");
875 	if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
876 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "#");
877 	if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
878 		(void)strcat(lfmt, " ");
879 	if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
880 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "+");
881 	if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
882 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "-");
883 	if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
884 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "0");
885 
886 	/*
887 	 * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
888 	 * requires work that differs from the other formats.
889 	 */
890 	if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
891 		/*
892 		 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
893 		 */
894 		if (prec == 0) {
895 			if (size != -1) {
896 				(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
897 				(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
898 			}
899 			(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");
900 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, ts.tv_sec));
901 		}
902 
903 		/*
904 		 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
905 		 * 9 digits.
906 		 */
907 		if (prec == -1)
908 			prec = 9;
909 
910 		/*
911 		 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
912 		 * that will follow.
913 		 */
914 		size -= prec + 1;
915 
916 		/*
917 		 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
918 		 */
919 		if (size > 0) {
920 			(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
921 			(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
922 		}
923 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");
924 
925 		/*
926 		 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
927 		 * filling.
928 		 */
929 		(void)strcat(lfmt, ".%0");
930 
931 		/*
932 		 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
933 		 * rest we will pad on at the end.
934 		 */
935 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dd", prec > 9 ? 9 : prec);
936 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
937 
938 		/*
939 		 * For precision of less that nine digits, trim off the
940 		 * less significant figures.
941 		 */
942 		for (; prec < 9; prec++)
943 			ts.tv_nsec /= 10;
944 
945 		/*
946 		 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
947 		 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
948 		 */
949 		l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
950 		for (; prec > 9 && l < blen; prec--, l++)
951 			(void)strcat(buf, "0");
952 		return (l);
953 	}
954 
955 	/*
956 	 * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
957 	 */
958 	if (size != -1) {
959 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
960 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
961 	}
962 	if (prec != -1) {
963 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
964 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
965 	}
966 
967 	/*
968 	 * String output uses the temporary sdata.
969 	 */
970 	if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
971 		if (sdata == NULL)
972 			errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
973 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "s");
974 		return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata));
975 	}
976 
977 	/*
978 	 * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
979 	 * for some forms.
980 	 */
981 	if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
982 		data = (u_int32_t)data;
983 
984 	/*
985 	 * The four "numeric" output forms.
986 	 */
987 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "ll");
988 	switch (ofmt) {
989 	case FMTF_DECIMAL:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");	break;
990 	case FMTF_OCTAL:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "o");	break;
991 	case FMTF_UNSIGNED:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "u");	break;
992 	case FMTF_HEX:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "x");	break;
993 	}
994 
995 	return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data));
996 }
997