xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/stat/stat.c (revision 5ca8e32633c4ffbbcd6762e5888b6a4ba0708c6c)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 #if 0
34 #ifndef lint
35 __RCSID("$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.33 2011/01/15 22:54:10 njoly Exp $"
36 "$OpenBSD: stat.c,v 1.14 2009/06/24 09:44:25 sobrado Exp $");
37 #endif
38 #endif
39 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
40 #include "config.h"
41 #else  /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
42 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
43 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN 1
44 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME 1
45 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC 1
46 #define HAVE_DEVNAME 1
47 #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
48 
49 #include <sys/param.h>
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 #include <sys/stat.h>
52 #include <sys/mount.h>
53 
54 #include <ctype.h>
55 #include <err.h>
56 #include <errno.h>
57 #include <grp.h>
58 #include <limits.h>
59 #include <locale.h>
60 #include <paths.h>
61 #include <pwd.h>
62 #include <stdio.h>
63 #include <stdlib.h>
64 #include <string.h>
65 #include <time.h>
66 #include <unistd.h>
67 
68 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
69 #define DEF_F "%#Xf "
70 #define RAW_F "%f "
71 #define SHELL_F " st_flags=%f"
72 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
73 #define DEF_F
74 #define RAW_F
75 #define SHELL_F
76 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
77 
78 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
79 #define DEF_B "\"%SB\" "
80 #define RAW_B "%B "
81 #define SHELL_B "st_birthtime=%B "
82 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
83 #define DEF_B
84 #define RAW_B
85 #define SHELL_B
86 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
87 
88 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM
89 #define st_atimespec st_atim
90 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
91 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
92 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM */
93 
94 #define DEF_FORMAT \
95 	"%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " DEF_B \
96 	"%k %b " DEF_F "%N"
97 #define RAW_FORMAT	"%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " RAW_B \
98 	"%k %b " RAW_F "%N"
99 #define LS_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
100 #define LSF_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
101 #define SHELL_FORMAT \
102 	"st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
103 	"st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
104 	"st_atime=%a st_mtime=%m st_ctime=%c " SHELL_B \
105 	"st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b" SHELL_F
106 #define LINUX_FORMAT \
107 	"  File: \"%N\"%n" \
108 	"  Size: %-11z  FileType: %HT%n" \
109 	"  Mode: (%OMp%03OLp/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
110 	"Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
111 	"Access: %Sa%n" \
112 	"Modify: %Sm%n" \
113 	"Change: %Sc%n"	\
114 	" Birth: %SB"
115 
116 #define TIME_FORMAT	"%b %e %T %Y"
117 
118 #define FLAG_POUND	0x01
119 #define FLAG_SPACE	0x02
120 #define FLAG_PLUS	0x04
121 #define FLAG_ZERO	0x08
122 #define FLAG_MINUS	0x10
123 
124 /*
125  * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
126  */
127 #define FMT_MAGIC	'%'
128 #define FMT_DOT		'.'
129 
130 #define SIMPLE_NEWLINE	'n'
131 #define SIMPLE_TAB	't'
132 #define SIMPLE_PERCENT	'%'
133 #define SIMPLE_NUMBER	'@'
134 
135 #define FMT_POUND	'#'
136 #define FMT_SPACE	' '
137 #define FMT_PLUS	'+'
138 #define FMT_ZERO	'0'
139 #define FMT_MINUS	'-'
140 
141 #define FMT_DECIMAL 	'D'
142 #define FMT_OCTAL 	'O'
143 #define FMT_UNSIGNED 	'U'
144 #define FMT_HEX 	'X'
145 #define FMT_FLOAT 	'F'
146 #define FMT_STRING 	'S'
147 
148 #define FMTF_DECIMAL	0x01
149 #define FMTF_OCTAL	0x02
150 #define FMTF_UNSIGNED	0x04
151 #define FMTF_HEX	0x08
152 #define FMTF_FLOAT	0x10
153 #define FMTF_STRING	0x20
154 
155 #define HIGH_PIECE	'H'
156 #define MIDDLE_PIECE	'M'
157 #define LOW_PIECE	'L'
158 
159 #define	SHOW_realpath	'R'
160 #define SHOW_st_dev	'd'
161 #define SHOW_st_ino	'i'
162 #define SHOW_st_mode	'p'
163 #define SHOW_st_nlink	'l'
164 #define SHOW_st_uid	'u'
165 #define SHOW_st_gid	'g'
166 #define SHOW_st_rdev	'r'
167 #define SHOW_st_atime	'a'
168 #define SHOW_st_mtime	'm'
169 #define SHOW_st_ctime	'c'
170 #define SHOW_st_btime	'B'
171 #define SHOW_st_size	'z'
172 #define SHOW_st_blocks	'b'
173 #define SHOW_st_blksize	'k'
174 #define SHOW_st_flags	'f'
175 #define SHOW_st_gen	'v'
176 #define SHOW_symlink	'Y'
177 #define SHOW_filetype	'T'
178 #define SHOW_filename	'N'
179 #define SHOW_sizerdev	'Z'
180 
181 void	usage(const char *);
182 void	output(const struct stat *, const char *,
183 	    const char *, int, int);
184 int	format1(const struct stat *,	/* stat info */
185 	    const char *,		/* the file name */
186 	    const char *, int,		/* the format string itself */
187 	    char *, size_t,		/* a place to put the output */
188 	    int, int, int, int,		/* the parsed format */
189 	    int, int);
190 int	hex2byte(const char [2]);
191 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
192 char   *xfflagstostr(unsigned long);
193 #endif
194 
195 static const char *timefmt;
196 static int linkfail;
197 
198 #define addchar(s, c, nl) \
199 	do { \
200 		(void)fputc((c), (s)); \
201 		(*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
202 	} while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)
203 
204 int
205 main(int argc, char *argv[])
206 {
207 	struct stat st;
208 	int ch, rc, errs, am_readlink;
209 	int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, nfs_handle, fn, nonl, quiet;
210 	const char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;
211 	char dname[sizeof _PATH_DEV + SPECNAMELEN] = _PATH_DEV;
212 	fhandle_t fhnd;
213 	const char *file;
214 
215 	am_readlink = 0;
216 	lsF = 0;
217 	fmtchar = '\0';
218 	usestat = 0;
219 	nfs_handle = 0;
220 	nonl = 0;
221 	quiet = 0;
222 	linkfail = 0;
223 	statfmt = NULL;
224 	timefmt = NULL;
225 
226 	if (strcmp(getprogname(), "readlink") == 0) {
227 		am_readlink = 1;
228 		options = "fn";
229 		synopsis = "[-fn] [file ...]";
230 		statfmt = "%Y";
231 		fmtchar = 'f';
232 		quiet = 1;
233 	} else {
234 		options = "f:FHlLnqrst:x";
235 		synopsis = "[-FLnq] [-f format | -l | -r | -s | -x] "
236 		    "[-t timefmt] [file|handle ...]";
237 	}
238 
239 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
240 		switch (ch) {
241 		case 'F':
242 			lsF = 1;
243 			break;
244                 case 'H':
245 			nfs_handle = 1;
246 			break;
247 		case 'L':
248 			usestat = 1;
249 			break;
250 		case 'n':
251 			nonl = 1;
252 			break;
253 		case 'q':
254 			quiet = 1;
255 			break;
256 		case 'f':
257 			if (am_readlink) {
258 				statfmt = "%R";
259 				break;
260 			}
261 			statfmt = optarg;
262 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
263 		case 'l':
264 		case 'r':
265 		case 's':
266 		case 'x':
267 			if (fmtchar != 0)
268 				errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
269 				    fmtchar, ch);
270 			fmtchar = ch;
271 			break;
272 		case 't':
273 			timefmt = optarg;
274 			break;
275 		default:
276 			usage(synopsis);
277 		}
278 
279 	argc -= optind;
280 	argv += optind;
281 	fn = 1;
282 
283 	if (fmtchar == '\0') {
284 		if (lsF)
285 			fmtchar = 'l';
286 		else {
287 			fmtchar = 'f';
288 			statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
289 		}
290 	}
291 
292 	if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l')
293 		errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);
294 
295 	switch (fmtchar) {
296 	case 'f':
297 		/* statfmt already set */
298 		break;
299 	case 'l':
300 		statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
301 		break;
302 	case 'r':
303 		statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
304 		break;
305 	case 's':
306 		statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
307 		break;
308 	case 'x':
309 		statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
310 		if (timefmt == NULL)
311 			timefmt = "%c";
312 		break;
313 	default:
314 		usage(synopsis);
315 		/*NOTREACHED*/
316 	}
317 
318 	if (timefmt == NULL)
319 		timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;
320 
321 	errs = 0;
322 	do {
323 		if (argc == 0) {
324 			if (fdevname_r(STDIN_FILENO, dname +
325 			    sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1, SPECNAMELEN) != NULL)
326 				file = dname;
327 			else
328 				file = "(stdin)";
329 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st);
330 		} else {
331 			int j;
332 
333 			file = argv[0];
334 			if (nfs_handle) {
335 				rc = 0;
336 				bzero(&fhnd, sizeof(fhnd));
337 				j = MIN(2 * sizeof(fhnd), strlen(file));
338 				if ((j & 1) != 0) {
339 					rc = -1;
340 				} else {
341 					while (j) {
342 						rc = hex2byte(&file[j - 2]);
343 						if (rc == -1)
344 							break;
345 						((char*) &fhnd)[j / 2 - 1] = rc;
346 						j -= 2;
347 					}
348 				}
349 				if (rc == -1)
350 					errno = EINVAL;
351 				else
352 					rc = fhstat(&fhnd, &st);
353 
354 			} else if (usestat) {
355 				/*
356 				 * Try stat() and if it fails, fall back to
357 				 * lstat() just in case we're examining a
358 				 * broken symlink.
359 				 */
360 				if ((rc = stat(file, &st)) == -1 &&
361 				    errno == ENOENT &&
362 				    (rc = lstat(file, &st)) == -1)
363 					errno = ENOENT;
364 			}
365 			else
366 				rc = lstat(file, &st);
367 		}
368 
369 		if (rc == -1) {
370 			errs = 1;
371 			linkfail = 1;
372 			if (!quiet)
373 				warn("%s", file);
374 		}
375 		else
376 			output(&st, file, statfmt, fn, nonl);
377 
378 		argv++;
379 		argc--;
380 		fn++;
381 	} while (argc > 0);
382 
383 	return (am_readlink ? linkfail : errs);
384 }
385 
386 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
387 /*
388  * fflagstostr() wrapper that leaks only once
389  */
390 char *
391 xfflagstostr(unsigned long fflags)
392 {
393 	static char *str = NULL;
394 
395 	if (str != NULL)
396 		free(str);
397 
398 	str = fflagstostr(fflags);
399 	if (str == NULL)
400 		err(1, "fflagstostr");
401 	return (str);
402 }
403 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
404 
405 void
406 usage(const char *synopsis)
407 {
408 
409 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", getprogname(), synopsis);
410 	exit(1);
411 }
412 
413 /*
414  * Parses a format string.
415  */
416 void
417 output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
418     const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl)
419 {
420 	int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
421 	char buf[PATH_MAX + 4 + 1];
422 	const char *subfmt;
423 	int nl, t, i;
424 
425 	nl = 1;
426 	while (*statfmt != '\0') {
427 
428 		/*
429 		 * Non-format characters go straight out.
430 		 */
431 		if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
432 			addchar(stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
433 			statfmt++;
434 			continue;
435 		}
436 
437 		/*
438 		 * The current format "substring" starts here,
439 		 * and then we skip the magic.
440 		 */
441 		subfmt = statfmt;
442 		statfmt++;
443 
444 		/*
445 		 * Some simple one-character "formats".
446 		 */
447 		switch (*statfmt) {
448 		case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
449 			addchar(stdout, '\n', &nl);
450 			statfmt++;
451 			continue;
452 		case SIMPLE_TAB:
453 			addchar(stdout, '\t', &nl);
454 			statfmt++;
455 			continue;
456 		case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
457 			addchar(stdout, '%', &nl);
458 			statfmt++;
459 			continue;
460 		case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
461 			char num[12], *p;
462 
463 			snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
464 			for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
465 				addchar(stdout, *p, &nl);
466 			statfmt++;
467 			continue;
468 		}
469 		}
470 
471 		/*
472 		 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
473 		 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
474 		 * the form:
475 		 *
476 		 *	%	required start of format
477 		 *	[-# +0]	opt. format characters
478 		 *	size	opt. field width
479 		 *	.	opt. decimal separator, followed by
480 		 *	prec	opt. precision
481 		 *	fmt	opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
482 		 *	sub	opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
483 		 *	datum	required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
484 		 *
485 		 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
486 		 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
487 		 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
488 		 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
489 		 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
490 		 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
491 		 * block devices, and size output for all others.
492 		 */
493 		flags = 0;
494 		do {
495 			if      (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
496 				flags |= FLAG_POUND;
497 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
498 				flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
499 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
500 				flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
501 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
502 				flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
503 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
504 				flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
505 			else
506 				break;
507 			statfmt++;
508 		} while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);
509 
510 		size = -1;
511 		if (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
512 			size = 0;
513 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
514 				size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
515 				statfmt++;
516 				if (size < 0)
517 					goto badfmt;
518 			}
519 		}
520 
521 		prec = -1;
522 		if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
523 			statfmt++;
524 
525 			prec = 0;
526 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
527 				prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
528 				statfmt++;
529 				if (prec < 0)
530 					goto badfmt;
531 			}
532 		}
533 
534 #define fmtcase(x, y)		case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
535 #define fmtcasef(x, y, z)	case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
536 		switch (*statfmt) {
537 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,	FMTF_DECIMAL);
538 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,	FMTF_OCTAL);
539 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,	FMTF_UNSIGNED);
540 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,		FMTF_HEX);
541 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,	FMTF_FLOAT);
542 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,	FMTF_STRING);
543 		default:
544 			ofmt = 0;
545 			break;
546 		}
547 
548 		switch (*statfmt) {
549 			fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
550 			fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
551 			fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
552 		default:
553 			hilo = 0;
554 			break;
555 		}
556 
557 		switch (*statfmt) {
558 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_realpath);
559 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
560 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
561 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
562 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
563 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
564 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
565 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
566 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
567 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
568 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
569 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
570 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
571 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
572 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
573 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
574 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
575 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
576 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
577 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
578 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
579 		default:
580 			goto badfmt;
581 		}
582 #undef fmtcasef
583 #undef fmtcase
584 
585 		t = format1(st,
586 		     file,
587 		     subfmt, statfmt - subfmt,
588 		     buf, sizeof(buf),
589 		     flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what);
590 
591 		for (i = 0; i < t && i < (int)(sizeof(buf) - 1); i++)
592 			addchar(stdout, buf[i], &nl);
593 
594 		continue;
595 
596 	badfmt:
597 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
598 		    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
599 	}
600 
601 	if (!nl && !nonl)
602 		(void)fputc('\n', stdout);
603 	(void)fflush(stdout);
604 }
605 
606 /*
607  * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
608  */
609 int
610 format1(const struct stat *st,
611     const char *file,
612     const char *fmt, int flen,
613     char *buf, size_t blen,
614     int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
615     int hilo, int what)
616 {
617 	u_int64_t data;
618 	char *stmp, lfmt[24], tmp[20];
619 	const char *sdata;
620 	char smode[12], sid[12], path[PATH_MAX + 4];
621 	const struct timespec *tsp;
622 	struct timespec ts;
623 	struct tm *tm;
624 	int l, small, formats;
625 
626 	tsp = NULL;
627 	formats = 0;
628 	small = 0;
629 
630 	/*
631 	 * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
632 	 * specified output format (symlink output only).
633 	 */
634 	switch (what) {
635 	case SHOW_st_dev:
636 	case SHOW_st_rdev:
637 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
638 		data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
639 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
640 		sdata = devname(what == SHOW_st_dev ? st->st_dev :
641 		    st->st_rdev, S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
642 		    (S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK : 0));
643 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
644 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
645 			data = major(data);
646 			hilo = 0;
647 		}
648 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
649 			data = minor((unsigned)data);
650 			hilo = 0;
651 		}
652 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
653 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
654 		    FMTF_STRING;
655 #else /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
656 		    0;
657 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
658 		if (ofmt == 0)
659 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
660 		break;
661 	case SHOW_st_ino:
662 		small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
663 		data = st->st_ino;
664 		sdata = NULL;
665 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
666 		if (ofmt == 0)
667 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
668 		break;
669 	case SHOW_st_mode:
670 		small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
671 		data = st->st_mode;
672 		strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
673 		stmp = smode;
674 		l = strlen(stmp);
675 		if (stmp[l - 1] == ' ')
676 			stmp[--l] = '\0';
677 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
678 			data >>= 12;
679 			stmp += 1;
680 			stmp[3] = '\0';
681 			hilo = 0;
682 		}
683 		else if (hilo == MIDDLE_PIECE) {
684 			data = (data >> 9) & 07;
685 			stmp += 4;
686 			stmp[3] = '\0';
687 			hilo = 0;
688 		}
689 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
690 			data &= 0777;
691 			stmp += 7;
692 			stmp[3] = '\0';
693 			hilo = 0;
694 		}
695 		sdata = stmp;
696 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
697 		    FMTF_STRING;
698 		if (ofmt == 0)
699 			ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
700 		break;
701 	case SHOW_st_nlink:
702 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
703 		data = st->st_nlink;
704 		sdata = NULL;
705 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
706 		if (ofmt == 0)
707 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
708 		break;
709 	case SHOW_st_uid:
710 		small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
711 		data = st->st_uid;
712 		sdata = user_from_uid(st->st_uid, 1);
713 		if (sdata == NULL) {
714 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
715 			sdata = sid;
716 		}
717 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
718 		    FMTF_STRING;
719 		if (ofmt == 0)
720 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
721 		break;
722 	case SHOW_st_gid:
723 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
724 		data = st->st_gid;
725 		sdata = group_from_gid(st->st_gid, 1);
726 		if (sdata == NULL) {
727 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
728 			sdata = sid;
729 		}
730 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
731 		    FMTF_STRING;
732 		if (ofmt == 0)
733 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
734 		break;
735 	case SHOW_st_atime:
736 		tsp = &st->st_atimespec;
737 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
738 	case SHOW_st_mtime:
739 		if (tsp == NULL)
740 			tsp = &st->st_mtimespec;
741 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
742 	case SHOW_st_ctime:
743 		if (tsp == NULL)
744 			tsp = &st->st_ctimespec;
745 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
746 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
747 	case SHOW_st_btime:
748 		if (tsp == NULL)
749 			tsp = &st->st_birthtimespec;
750 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
751 		ts = *tsp;		/* copy so we can muck with it */
752 		small = (sizeof(ts.tv_sec) == 4);
753 		data = ts.tv_sec;
754 		tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
755 		if (tm == NULL) {
756 			ts.tv_sec = 0;
757 			tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
758 		}
759 		(void)setlocale(LC_TIME, "");
760 		(void)strftime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, tm);
761 		sdata = path;
762 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
763 		    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
764 		if (ofmt == 0)
765 			ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
766 		break;
767 	case SHOW_st_size:
768 		small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
769 		data = st->st_size;
770 		sdata = NULL;
771 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
772 		if (ofmt == 0)
773 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
774 		break;
775 	case SHOW_st_blocks:
776 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
777 		data = st->st_blocks;
778 		sdata = NULL;
779 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
780 		if (ofmt == 0)
781 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
782 		break;
783 	case SHOW_st_blksize:
784 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
785 		data = st->st_blksize;
786 		sdata = NULL;
787 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
788 		if (ofmt == 0)
789 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
790 		break;
791 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
792 	case SHOW_st_flags:
793 		small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
794 		data = st->st_flags;
795 		sdata = xfflagstostr(st->st_flags);
796 		if (*sdata == '\0')
797 			sdata = "-";
798 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
799 		    FMTF_STRING;
800 		if (ofmt == 0)
801 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
802 		break;
803 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
804 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
805 	case SHOW_st_gen:
806 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
807 		data = st->st_gen;
808 		sdata = NULL;
809 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
810 		if (ofmt == 0)
811 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
812 		break;
813 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN */
814 	case SHOW_realpath:
815 		small = 0;
816 		data = 0;
817 		if (file == NULL) {
818 			(void)strlcpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
819 			sdata = path;
820 		} else {
821 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
822 			if (realpath(file, path + 4) == NULL) {
823 				linkfail = 1;
824 				l = 0;
825 				path[0] = '\0';
826 			}
827 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
828 		}
829 
830 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
831 		if (ofmt == 0)
832 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
833 		break;
834 	case SHOW_symlink:
835 		small = 0;
836 		data = 0;
837 		if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
838 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
839 			l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
840 			if (l == -1) {
841 				linkfail = 1;
842 				l = 0;
843 				path[0] = '\0';
844 			}
845 			path[l + 4] = '\0';
846 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
847 		}
848 		else {
849 			linkfail = 1;
850 			sdata = "";
851 		}
852 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
853 		if (ofmt == 0)
854 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
855 		break;
856 	case SHOW_filetype:
857 		small = 0;
858 		data = 0;
859 		sdata = "";
860 		if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
861 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
862 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "|";	break;
863 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "/";	break;
864 			case S_IFREG:
865 				if (st->st_mode &
866 				    (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
867 					sdata = "*";
868 				break;
869 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "@";	break;
870 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "=";	break;
871 #ifdef S_IFWHT
872 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "%";	break;
873 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
874 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
875 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = ">";	break;
876 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
877 			}
878 			hilo = 0;
879 		}
880 		else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
881 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
882 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "Fifo File";		break;
883 			case S_IFCHR:	sdata = "Character Device";	break;
884 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "Directory";		break;
885 			case S_IFBLK:	sdata = "Block Device";		break;
886 			case S_IFREG:	sdata = "Regular File";		break;
887 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "Symbolic Link";	break;
888 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "Socket";		break;
889 #ifdef S_IFWHT
890 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "Whiteout File";	break;
891 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
892 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
893 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = "Door";			break;
894 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
895 			default:	sdata = "???";			break;
896 			}
897 			hilo = 0;
898 		}
899 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
900 		if (ofmt == 0)
901 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
902 		break;
903 	case SHOW_filename:
904 		small = 0;
905 		data = 0;
906 		(void)strlcpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
907 		sdata = path;
908 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
909 		if (ofmt == 0)
910 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
911 		break;
912 	case SHOW_sizerdev:
913 		if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
914 			char majdev[20], mindev[20];
915 			int l1, l2;
916 
917 			l1 = format1(st,
918 			    file,
919 			    fmt, flen,
920 			    majdev, sizeof(majdev),
921 			    flags, size, prec,
922 			    ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
923 			l2 = format1(st,
924 			    file,
925 			    fmt, flen,
926 			    mindev, sizeof(mindev),
927 			    flags, size, prec,
928 			    ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
929 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
930 			    l1, majdev, l2, mindev));
931 		}
932 		else {
933 			return (format1(st,
934 			    file,
935 			    fmt, flen,
936 			    buf, blen,
937 			    flags, size, prec,
938 			    ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size));
939 		}
940 		/*NOTREACHED*/
941 	default:
942 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
943 	}
944 
945 	/*
946 	 * If a subdatum was specified but not supported, or an output
947 	 * format was selected that is not supported, that's an error.
948 	 */
949 	if (hilo != 0 || (ofmt & formats) == 0)
950 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
951 
952 	/*
953 	 * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
954 	 */
955 	lfmt[0] = '\0';
956 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "%");
957 	if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
958 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "#");
959 	if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
960 		(void)strcat(lfmt, " ");
961 	if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
962 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "+");
963 	if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
964 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "-");
965 	if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
966 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "0");
967 
968 	/*
969 	 * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
970 	 * requires work that differs from the other formats.
971 	 */
972 	if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
973 		/*
974 		 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
975 		 */
976 		if (prec == 0) {
977 			if (size != -1) {
978 				(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
979 				(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
980 			}
981 			(void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
982 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt,
983 			    (long long)ts.tv_sec));
984 		}
985 
986 		/*
987 		 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
988 		 * 9 digits.
989 		 */
990 		if (prec == -1)
991 			prec = 9;
992 
993 		/*
994 		 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
995 		 * that will follow.
996 		 */
997 		size -= prec + 1;
998 
999 		/*
1000 		 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
1001 		 */
1002 		if (size > 0) {
1003 			(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1004 			(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1005 		}
1006 		/* Seconds: time_t cast to long long. */
1007 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
1008 
1009 		/*
1010 		 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
1011 		 * filling.
1012 		 */
1013 		(void)strcat(lfmt, ".%0");
1014 
1015 		/*
1016 		 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
1017 		 * rest we will pad on at the end.
1018 		 *
1019 		 * Nanoseconds: long.
1020 		 */
1021 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dld", MIN(prec, 9));
1022 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1023 
1024 		/*
1025 		 * For precision of less than nine digits, trim off the
1026 		 * less significant figures.
1027 		 */
1028 		for (; prec < 9; prec++)
1029 			ts.tv_nsec /= 10;
1030 
1031 		/*
1032 		 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
1033 		 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
1034 		 */
1035 		l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, (long long)ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
1036 		for (; prec > 9 && l < (int)blen; prec--, l++)
1037 			(void)strcat(buf, "0");
1038 		return (l);
1039 	}
1040 
1041 	/*
1042 	 * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
1043 	 */
1044 	if (size != -1) {
1045 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1046 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1047 	}
1048 	if (prec != -1) {
1049 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
1050 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1051 	}
1052 
1053 	/*
1054 	 * String output uses the temporary sdata.
1055 	 */
1056 	if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
1057 		if (sdata == NULL)
1058 			errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
1059 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "s");
1060 		return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata));
1061 	}
1062 
1063 	/*
1064 	 * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
1065 	 * for some forms.
1066 	 */
1067 	if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
1068 		data = (u_int32_t)data;
1069 
1070 	/*
1071 	 * The four "numeric" output forms.
1072 	 */
1073 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "ll");
1074 	switch (ofmt) {
1075 	case FMTF_DECIMAL:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");	break;
1076 	case FMTF_OCTAL:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "o");	break;
1077 	case FMTF_UNSIGNED:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "u");	break;
1078 	case FMTF_HEX:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "x");	break;
1079 	}
1080 
1081 	return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data));
1082 }
1083 
1084 
1085 #define hex2nibble(c) (c <= '9' ? c - '0' : toupper(c) - 'A' + 10)
1086 int
1087 hex2byte(const char c[2]) {
1088 	if (!(ishexnumber(c[0]) && ishexnumber(c[1])))
1089 		return -1;
1090 	return (hex2nibble(c[0]) << 4) + hex2nibble(c[1]);
1091 }
1092