xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/stat/stat.c (revision 300675f6fc464ea902932e6ee4aa2ac98e3f3c34)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
6  * by Andrew Brown.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
18  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
19  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
20  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
21  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
22  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
23  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
24  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
25  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
26  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
27  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
31 #if 0
32 #ifndef lint
33 __RCSID("$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.33 2011/01/15 22:54:10 njoly Exp $"
34 "$OpenBSD: stat.c,v 1.14 2009/06/24 09:44:25 sobrado Exp $");
35 #endif
36 #endif
37 
38 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
39 
40 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
41 #include "config.h"
42 #else  /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
43 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
44 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN 1
45 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME 1
46 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC 1
47 #define HAVE_DEVNAME 1
48 #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
49 
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/types.h>
52 #include <sys/stat.h>
53 
54 #include <ctype.h>
55 #include <err.h>
56 #include <errno.h>
57 #include <grp.h>
58 #include <limits.h>
59 #include <paths.h>
60 #include <pwd.h>
61 #include <stdio.h>
62 #include <stdlib.h>
63 #include <string.h>
64 #include <time.h>
65 #include <unistd.h>
66 
67 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
68 #define DEF_F "%#Xf "
69 #define RAW_F "%f "
70 #define SHELL_F " st_flags=%f"
71 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
72 #define DEF_F
73 #define RAW_F
74 #define SHELL_F
75 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
76 
77 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
78 #define DEF_B "\"%SB\" "
79 #define RAW_B "%B "
80 #define SHELL_B "st_birthtime=%B "
81 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
82 #define DEF_B
83 #define RAW_B
84 #define SHELL_B
85 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
86 
87 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM
88 #define st_atimespec st_atim
89 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
90 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
91 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM */
92 
93 #define DEF_FORMAT \
94 	"%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " DEF_B \
95 	"%k %b " DEF_F "%N"
96 #define RAW_FORMAT	"%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " RAW_B \
97 	"%k %b " RAW_F "%N"
98 #define LS_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
99 #define LSF_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
100 #define SHELL_FORMAT \
101 	"st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
102 	"st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
103 	"st_atime=%a st_mtime=%m st_ctime=%c " SHELL_B \
104 	"st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b" SHELL_F
105 #define LINUX_FORMAT \
106 	"  File: \"%N\"%n" \
107 	"  Size: %-11z  FileType: %HT%n" \
108 	"  Mode: (%OMp%03OLp/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
109 	"Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
110 	"Access: %Sa%n" \
111 	"Modify: %Sm%n" \
112 	"Change: %Sc"
113 
114 #define TIME_FORMAT	"%b %e %T %Y"
115 
116 #define FLAG_POUND	0x01
117 #define FLAG_SPACE	0x02
118 #define FLAG_PLUS	0x04
119 #define FLAG_ZERO	0x08
120 #define FLAG_MINUS	0x10
121 
122 /*
123  * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
124  */
125 #define FMT_MAGIC	'%'
126 #define FMT_DOT		'.'
127 
128 #define SIMPLE_NEWLINE	'n'
129 #define SIMPLE_TAB	't'
130 #define SIMPLE_PERCENT	'%'
131 #define SIMPLE_NUMBER	'@'
132 
133 #define FMT_POUND	'#'
134 #define FMT_SPACE	' '
135 #define FMT_PLUS	'+'
136 #define FMT_ZERO	'0'
137 #define FMT_MINUS	'-'
138 
139 #define FMT_DECIMAL 	'D'
140 #define FMT_OCTAL 	'O'
141 #define FMT_UNSIGNED 	'U'
142 #define FMT_HEX 	'X'
143 #define FMT_FLOAT 	'F'
144 #define FMT_STRING 	'S'
145 
146 #define FMTF_DECIMAL	0x01
147 #define FMTF_OCTAL	0x02
148 #define FMTF_UNSIGNED	0x04
149 #define FMTF_HEX	0x08
150 #define FMTF_FLOAT	0x10
151 #define FMTF_STRING	0x20
152 
153 #define HIGH_PIECE	'H'
154 #define MIDDLE_PIECE	'M'
155 #define LOW_PIECE	'L'
156 
157 #define	SHOW_realpath	'R'
158 #define SHOW_st_dev	'd'
159 #define SHOW_st_ino	'i'
160 #define SHOW_st_mode	'p'
161 #define SHOW_st_nlink	'l'
162 #define SHOW_st_uid	'u'
163 #define SHOW_st_gid	'g'
164 #define SHOW_st_rdev	'r'
165 #define SHOW_st_atime	'a'
166 #define SHOW_st_mtime	'm'
167 #define SHOW_st_ctime	'c'
168 #define SHOW_st_btime	'B'
169 #define SHOW_st_size	'z'
170 #define SHOW_st_blocks	'b'
171 #define SHOW_st_blksize	'k'
172 #define SHOW_st_flags	'f'
173 #define SHOW_st_gen	'v'
174 #define SHOW_symlink	'Y'
175 #define SHOW_filetype	'T'
176 #define SHOW_filename	'N'
177 #define SHOW_sizerdev	'Z'
178 
179 void	usage(const char *);
180 void	output(const struct stat *, const char *,
181 	    const char *, int, int);
182 int	format1(const struct stat *,	/* stat info */
183 	    const char *,		/* the file name */
184 	    const char *, int,		/* the format string itself */
185 	    char *, size_t,		/* a place to put the output */
186 	    int, int, int, int,		/* the parsed format */
187 	    int, int);
188 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
189 char   *xfflagstostr(unsigned long);
190 #endif
191 
192 static const char *timefmt;
193 static int linkfail;
194 
195 #define addchar(s, c, nl) \
196 	do { \
197 		(void)fputc((c), (s)); \
198 		(*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
199 	} while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)
200 
201 int
202 main(int argc, char *argv[])
203 {
204 	struct stat st;
205 	int ch, rc, errs, am_readlink;
206 	int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, fn, nonl, quiet;
207 	const char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;
208 	char dname[sizeof _PATH_DEV + SPECNAMELEN] = _PATH_DEV;
209 	const char *file;
210 
211 	am_readlink = 0;
212 	lsF = 0;
213 	fmtchar = '\0';
214 	usestat = 0;
215 	nonl = 0;
216 	quiet = 0;
217 	linkfail = 0;
218 	statfmt = NULL;
219 	timefmt = NULL;
220 
221 	if (strcmp(getprogname(), "readlink") == 0) {
222 		am_readlink = 1;
223 		options = "fn";
224 		synopsis = "[-fn] [file ...]";
225 		statfmt = "%Y";
226 		fmtchar = 'f';
227 		quiet = 1;
228 	} else {
229 		options = "f:FlLnqrst:x";
230 		synopsis = "[-FLnq] [-f format | -l | -r | -s | -x] "
231 		    "[-t timefmt] [file ...]";
232 	}
233 
234 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
235 		switch (ch) {
236 		case 'F':
237 			lsF = 1;
238 			break;
239 		case 'L':
240 			usestat = 1;
241 			break;
242 		case 'n':
243 			nonl = 1;
244 			break;
245 		case 'q':
246 			quiet = 1;
247 			break;
248 		case 'f':
249 			if (am_readlink) {
250 				statfmt = "%R";
251 				break;
252 			}
253 			statfmt = optarg;
254 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
255 		case 'l':
256 		case 'r':
257 		case 's':
258 		case 'x':
259 			if (fmtchar != 0)
260 				errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
261 				    fmtchar, ch);
262 			fmtchar = ch;
263 			break;
264 		case 't':
265 			timefmt = optarg;
266 			break;
267 		default:
268 			usage(synopsis);
269 		}
270 
271 	argc -= optind;
272 	argv += optind;
273 	fn = 1;
274 
275 	if (fmtchar == '\0') {
276 		if (lsF)
277 			fmtchar = 'l';
278 		else {
279 			fmtchar = 'f';
280 			statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
281 		}
282 	}
283 
284 	if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l')
285 		errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);
286 
287 	switch (fmtchar) {
288 	case 'f':
289 		/* statfmt already set */
290 		break;
291 	case 'l':
292 		statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
293 		break;
294 	case 'r':
295 		statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
296 		break;
297 	case 's':
298 		statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
299 		break;
300 	case 'x':
301 		statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
302 		if (timefmt == NULL)
303 			timefmt = "%c";
304 		break;
305 	default:
306 		usage(synopsis);
307 		/*NOTREACHED*/
308 	}
309 
310 	if (timefmt == NULL)
311 		timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;
312 
313 	errs = 0;
314 	do {
315 		if (argc == 0) {
316 			if (fdevname_r(STDIN_FILENO, dname +
317 			    sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1, SPECNAMELEN) != NULL)
318 				file = dname;
319 			else
320 				file = "(stdin)";
321 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st);
322 		} else {
323 			file = argv[0];
324 			if (usestat) {
325 				/*
326 				 * Try stat() and if it fails, fall back to
327 				 * lstat() just in case we're examining a
328 				 * broken symlink.
329 				 */
330 				if ((rc = stat(file, &st)) == -1 &&
331 				    errno == ENOENT &&
332 				    (rc = lstat(file, &st)) == -1)
333 					errno = ENOENT;
334 			}
335 			else
336 				rc = lstat(file, &st);
337 		}
338 
339 		if (rc == -1) {
340 			errs = 1;
341 			linkfail = 1;
342 			if (!quiet)
343 				warn("%s: stat", file);
344 		}
345 		else
346 			output(&st, file, statfmt, fn, nonl);
347 
348 		argv++;
349 		argc--;
350 		fn++;
351 	} while (argc > 0);
352 
353 	return (am_readlink ? linkfail : errs);
354 }
355 
356 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
357 /*
358  * fflagstostr() wrapper that leaks only once
359  */
360 char *
361 xfflagstostr(unsigned long fflags)
362 {
363 	static char *str = NULL;
364 
365 	if (str != NULL)
366 		free(str);
367 
368 	str = fflagstostr(fflags);
369 	if (str == NULL)
370 		err(1, "fflagstostr");
371 	return (str);
372 }
373 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
374 
375 void
376 usage(const char *synopsis)
377 {
378 
379 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", getprogname(), synopsis);
380 	exit(1);
381 }
382 
383 /*
384  * Parses a format string.
385  */
386 void
387 output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
388     const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl)
389 {
390 	int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
391 	char buf[PATH_MAX + 4 + 1];
392 	const char *subfmt;
393 	int nl, t, i;
394 
395 	nl = 1;
396 	while (*statfmt != '\0') {
397 
398 		/*
399 		 * Non-format characters go straight out.
400 		 */
401 		if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
402 			addchar(stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
403 			statfmt++;
404 			continue;
405 		}
406 
407 		/*
408 		 * The current format "substring" starts here,
409 		 * and then we skip the magic.
410 		 */
411 		subfmt = statfmt;
412 		statfmt++;
413 
414 		/*
415 		 * Some simple one-character "formats".
416 		 */
417 		switch (*statfmt) {
418 		case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
419 			addchar(stdout, '\n', &nl);
420 			statfmt++;
421 			continue;
422 		case SIMPLE_TAB:
423 			addchar(stdout, '\t', &nl);
424 			statfmt++;
425 			continue;
426 		case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
427 			addchar(stdout, '%', &nl);
428 			statfmt++;
429 			continue;
430 		case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
431 			char num[12], *p;
432 
433 			snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
434 			for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
435 				addchar(stdout, *p, &nl);
436 			statfmt++;
437 			continue;
438 		}
439 		}
440 
441 		/*
442 		 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
443 		 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
444 		 * the form:
445 		 *
446 		 *	%	required start of format
447 		 *	[-# +0]	opt. format characters
448 		 *	size	opt. field width
449 		 *	.	opt. decimal separator, followed by
450 		 *	prec	opt. precision
451 		 *	fmt	opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
452 		 *	sub	opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
453 		 *	datum	required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
454 		 *
455 		 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
456 		 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
457 		 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
458 		 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
459 		 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
460 		 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
461 		 * block devices, and size output for all others.
462 		 */
463 		flags = 0;
464 		do {
465 			if      (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
466 				flags |= FLAG_POUND;
467 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
468 				flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
469 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
470 				flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
471 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
472 				flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
473 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
474 				flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
475 			else
476 				break;
477 			statfmt++;
478 		} while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);
479 
480 		size = -1;
481 		if (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
482 			size = 0;
483 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
484 				size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
485 				statfmt++;
486 				if (size < 0)
487 					goto badfmt;
488 			}
489 		}
490 
491 		prec = -1;
492 		if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
493 			statfmt++;
494 
495 			prec = 0;
496 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
497 				prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
498 				statfmt++;
499 				if (prec < 0)
500 					goto badfmt;
501 			}
502 		}
503 
504 #define fmtcase(x, y)		case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
505 #define fmtcasef(x, y, z)	case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
506 		switch (*statfmt) {
507 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,	FMTF_DECIMAL);
508 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,	FMTF_OCTAL);
509 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,	FMTF_UNSIGNED);
510 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,		FMTF_HEX);
511 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,	FMTF_FLOAT);
512 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,	FMTF_STRING);
513 		default:
514 			ofmt = 0;
515 			break;
516 		}
517 
518 		switch (*statfmt) {
519 			fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
520 			fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
521 			fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
522 		default:
523 			hilo = 0;
524 			break;
525 		}
526 
527 		switch (*statfmt) {
528 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_realpath);
529 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
530 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
531 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
532 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
533 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
534 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
535 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
536 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
537 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
538 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
539 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
540 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
541 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
542 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
543 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
544 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
545 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
546 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
547 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
548 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
549 		default:
550 			goto badfmt;
551 		}
552 #undef fmtcasef
553 #undef fmtcase
554 
555 		t = format1(st,
556 		     file,
557 		     subfmt, statfmt - subfmt,
558 		     buf, sizeof(buf),
559 		     flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what);
560 
561 		for (i = 0; i < t && i < (int)(sizeof(buf) - 1); i++)
562 			addchar(stdout, buf[i], &nl);
563 
564 		continue;
565 
566 	badfmt:
567 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
568 		    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
569 	}
570 
571 	if (!nl && !nonl)
572 		(void)fputc('\n', stdout);
573 	(void)fflush(stdout);
574 }
575 
576 /*
577  * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
578  */
579 int
580 format1(const struct stat *st,
581     const char *file,
582     const char *fmt, int flen,
583     char *buf, size_t blen,
584     int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
585     int hilo, int what)
586 {
587 	u_int64_t data;
588 	char *stmp, lfmt[24], tmp[20];
589 	const char *sdata;
590 	char smode[12], sid[12], path[PATH_MAX + 4];
591 	struct passwd *pw;
592 	struct group *gr;
593 	const struct timespec *tsp;
594 	struct timespec ts;
595 	struct tm *tm;
596 	int l, small, formats;
597 
598 	tsp = NULL;
599 	formats = 0;
600 	small = 0;
601 
602 	/*
603 	 * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
604 	 * specified output format (symlink output only).
605 	 */
606 	switch (what) {
607 	case SHOW_st_dev:
608 	case SHOW_st_rdev:
609 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
610 		data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
611 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
612 		sdata = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ?
613 		    devname(st->st_dev, S_IFBLK) :
614 		    devname(st->st_rdev,
615 		    S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
616 		    S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK :
617 		    0U);
618 		if (sdata == NULL)
619 			sdata = "???";
620 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
621 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
622 			data = major(data);
623 			hilo = 0;
624 		}
625 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
626 			data = minor((unsigned)data);
627 			hilo = 0;
628 		}
629 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
630 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
631 		    FMTF_STRING;
632 #else /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
633 		    0;
634 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
635 		if (ofmt == 0)
636 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
637 		break;
638 	case SHOW_st_ino:
639 		small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
640 		data = st->st_ino;
641 		sdata = NULL;
642 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
643 		if (ofmt == 0)
644 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
645 		break;
646 	case SHOW_st_mode:
647 		small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
648 		data = st->st_mode;
649 		strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
650 		stmp = smode;
651 		l = strlen(stmp);
652 		if (stmp[l - 1] == ' ')
653 			stmp[--l] = '\0';
654 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
655 			data >>= 12;
656 			stmp += 1;
657 			stmp[3] = '\0';
658 			hilo = 0;
659 		}
660 		else if (hilo == MIDDLE_PIECE) {
661 			data = (data >> 9) & 07;
662 			stmp += 4;
663 			stmp[3] = '\0';
664 			hilo = 0;
665 		}
666 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
667 			data &= 0777;
668 			stmp += 7;
669 			stmp[3] = '\0';
670 			hilo = 0;
671 		}
672 		sdata = stmp;
673 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
674 		    FMTF_STRING;
675 		if (ofmt == 0)
676 			ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
677 		break;
678 	case SHOW_st_nlink:
679 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
680 		data = st->st_nlink;
681 		sdata = NULL;
682 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
683 		if (ofmt == 0)
684 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
685 		break;
686 	case SHOW_st_uid:
687 		small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
688 		data = st->st_uid;
689 		if ((pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid)) != NULL)
690 			sdata = pw->pw_name;
691 		else {
692 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
693 			sdata = sid;
694 		}
695 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
696 		    FMTF_STRING;
697 		if (ofmt == 0)
698 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
699 		break;
700 	case SHOW_st_gid:
701 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
702 		data = st->st_gid;
703 		if ((gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid)) != NULL)
704 			sdata = gr->gr_name;
705 		else {
706 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
707 			sdata = sid;
708 		}
709 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
710 		    FMTF_STRING;
711 		if (ofmt == 0)
712 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
713 		break;
714 	case SHOW_st_atime:
715 		tsp = &st->st_atimespec;
716 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
717 	case SHOW_st_mtime:
718 		if (tsp == NULL)
719 			tsp = &st->st_mtimespec;
720 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
721 	case SHOW_st_ctime:
722 		if (tsp == NULL)
723 			tsp = &st->st_ctimespec;
724 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
725 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
726 	case SHOW_st_btime:
727 		if (tsp == NULL)
728 			tsp = &st->st_birthtimespec;
729 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
730 		ts = *tsp;		/* copy so we can muck with it */
731 		small = (sizeof(ts.tv_sec) == 4);
732 		data = ts.tv_sec;
733 		tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
734 		if (tm == NULL) {
735 			ts.tv_sec = 0;
736 			tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
737 		}
738 		(void)strftime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, tm);
739 		sdata = path;
740 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
741 		    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
742 		if (ofmt == 0)
743 			ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
744 		break;
745 	case SHOW_st_size:
746 		small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
747 		data = st->st_size;
748 		sdata = NULL;
749 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
750 		if (ofmt == 0)
751 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
752 		break;
753 	case SHOW_st_blocks:
754 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
755 		data = st->st_blocks;
756 		sdata = NULL;
757 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
758 		if (ofmt == 0)
759 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
760 		break;
761 	case SHOW_st_blksize:
762 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
763 		data = st->st_blksize;
764 		sdata = NULL;
765 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
766 		if (ofmt == 0)
767 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
768 		break;
769 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
770 	case SHOW_st_flags:
771 		small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
772 		data = st->st_flags;
773 		sdata = xfflagstostr(st->st_flags);
774 		if (*sdata == '\0')
775 			sdata = "-";
776 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
777 		    FMTF_STRING;
778 		if (ofmt == 0)
779 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
780 		break;
781 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
782 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
783 	case SHOW_st_gen:
784 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
785 		data = st->st_gen;
786 		sdata = NULL;
787 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
788 		if (ofmt == 0)
789 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
790 		break;
791 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN */
792 	case SHOW_realpath:
793 		small = 0;
794 		data = 0;
795 		if (file == NULL) {
796 			(void)strlcpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
797 			sdata = path;
798 		} else {
799 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
800 			if (realpath(file, path + 4) == NULL) {
801 				linkfail = 1;
802 				l = 0;
803 				path[0] = '\0';
804 			}
805 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
806 		}
807 
808 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
809 		if (ofmt == 0)
810 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
811 		break;
812 	case SHOW_symlink:
813 		small = 0;
814 		data = 0;
815 		if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
816 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
817 			l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
818 			if (l == -1) {
819 				linkfail = 1;
820 				l = 0;
821 				path[0] = '\0';
822 			}
823 			path[l + 4] = '\0';
824 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
825 		}
826 		else {
827 			linkfail = 1;
828 			sdata = "";
829 		}
830 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
831 		if (ofmt == 0)
832 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
833 		break;
834 	case SHOW_filetype:
835 		small = 0;
836 		data = 0;
837 		sdata = "";
838 		if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
839 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
840 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "|";	break;
841 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "/";	break;
842 			case S_IFREG:
843 				if (st->st_mode &
844 				    (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
845 					sdata = "*";
846 				break;
847 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "@";	break;
848 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "=";	break;
849 #ifdef S_IFWHT
850 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "%";	break;
851 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
852 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
853 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = ">";	break;
854 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
855 			}
856 			hilo = 0;
857 		}
858 		else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
859 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
860 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "Fifo File";		break;
861 			case S_IFCHR:	sdata = "Character Device";	break;
862 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "Directory";		break;
863 			case S_IFBLK:	sdata = "Block Device";		break;
864 			case S_IFREG:	sdata = "Regular File";		break;
865 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "Symbolic Link";	break;
866 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "Socket";		break;
867 #ifdef S_IFWHT
868 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "Whiteout File";	break;
869 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
870 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
871 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = "Door";			break;
872 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
873 			default:	sdata = "???";			break;
874 			}
875 			hilo = 0;
876 		}
877 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
878 		if (ofmt == 0)
879 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
880 		break;
881 	case SHOW_filename:
882 		small = 0;
883 		data = 0;
884 		(void)strlcpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
885 		sdata = path;
886 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
887 		if (ofmt == 0)
888 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
889 		break;
890 	case SHOW_sizerdev:
891 		if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
892 			char majdev[20], mindev[20];
893 			int l1, l2;
894 
895 			l1 = format1(st,
896 			    file,
897 			    fmt, flen,
898 			    majdev, sizeof(majdev),
899 			    flags, size, prec,
900 			    ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
901 			l2 = format1(st,
902 			    file,
903 			    fmt, flen,
904 			    mindev, sizeof(mindev),
905 			    flags, size, prec,
906 			    ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
907 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
908 			    l1, majdev, l2, mindev));
909 		}
910 		else {
911 			return (format1(st,
912 			    file,
913 			    fmt, flen,
914 			    buf, blen,
915 			    flags, size, prec,
916 			    ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size));
917 		}
918 		/*NOTREACHED*/
919 	default:
920 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
921 	}
922 
923 	/*
924 	 * If a subdatum was specified but not supported, or an output
925 	 * format was selected that is not supported, that's an error.
926 	 */
927 	if (hilo != 0 || (ofmt & formats) == 0)
928 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
929 
930 	/*
931 	 * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
932 	 */
933 	lfmt[0] = '\0';
934 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "%");
935 	if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
936 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "#");
937 	if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
938 		(void)strcat(lfmt, " ");
939 	if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
940 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "+");
941 	if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
942 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "-");
943 	if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
944 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "0");
945 
946 	/*
947 	 * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
948 	 * requires work that differs from the other formats.
949 	 */
950 	if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
951 		/*
952 		 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
953 		 */
954 		if (prec == 0) {
955 			if (size != -1) {
956 				(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
957 				(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
958 			}
959 			(void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
960 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt,
961 			    (long long)ts.tv_sec));
962 		}
963 
964 		/*
965 		 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
966 		 * 9 digits.
967 		 */
968 		if (prec == -1)
969 			prec = 9;
970 
971 		/*
972 		 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
973 		 * that will follow.
974 		 */
975 		size -= prec + 1;
976 
977 		/*
978 		 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
979 		 */
980 		if (size > 0) {
981 			(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
982 			(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
983 		}
984 		/* Seconds: time_t cast to long long. */
985 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
986 
987 		/*
988 		 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
989 		 * filling.
990 		 */
991 		(void)strcat(lfmt, ".%0");
992 
993 		/*
994 		 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
995 		 * rest we will pad on at the end.
996 		 *
997 		 * Nanoseconds: long.
998 		 */
999 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dld", prec > 9 ? 9 : prec);
1000 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1001 
1002 		/*
1003 		 * For precision of less that nine digits, trim off the
1004 		 * less significant figures.
1005 		 */
1006 		for (; prec < 9; prec++)
1007 			ts.tv_nsec /= 10;
1008 
1009 		/*
1010 		 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
1011 		 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
1012 		 */
1013 		l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, (long long)ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
1014 		for (; prec > 9 && l < (int)blen; prec--, l++)
1015 			(void)strcat(buf, "0");
1016 		return (l);
1017 	}
1018 
1019 	/*
1020 	 * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
1021 	 */
1022 	if (size != -1) {
1023 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1024 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1025 	}
1026 	if (prec != -1) {
1027 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
1028 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1029 	}
1030 
1031 	/*
1032 	 * String output uses the temporary sdata.
1033 	 */
1034 	if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
1035 		if (sdata == NULL)
1036 			errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
1037 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "s");
1038 		return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata));
1039 	}
1040 
1041 	/*
1042 	 * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
1043 	 * for some forms.
1044 	 */
1045 	if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
1046 		data = (u_int32_t)data;
1047 
1048 	/*
1049 	 * The four "numeric" output forms.
1050 	 */
1051 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "ll");
1052 	switch (ofmt) {
1053 	case FMTF_DECIMAL:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");	break;
1054 	case FMTF_OCTAL:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "o");	break;
1055 	case FMTF_UNSIGNED:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "u");	break;
1056 	case FMTF_HEX:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "x");	break;
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data));
1060 }
1061