xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/stat/stat.c (revision 243e928310d073338c5ec089f0dce238a80b9866)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
6  * by Andrew Brown.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
18  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
19  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
20  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
21  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
22  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
23  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
24  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
25  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
26  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
27  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
31 #if 0
32 #ifndef lint
33 __RCSID("$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.33 2011/01/15 22:54:10 njoly Exp $"
34 "$OpenBSD: stat.c,v 1.14 2009/06/24 09:44:25 sobrado Exp $");
35 #endif
36 #endif
37 
38 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
39 
40 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
41 #include "config.h"
42 #else  /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
43 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
44 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN 1
45 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME 1
46 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC 1
47 #define HAVE_DEVNAME 1
48 #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
49 
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/types.h>
52 #include <sys/stat.h>
53 #include <sys/mount.h>
54 
55 #include <ctype.h>
56 #include <err.h>
57 #include <errno.h>
58 #include <grp.h>
59 #include <limits.h>
60 #include <paths.h>
61 #include <pwd.h>
62 #include <stdio.h>
63 #include <stdlib.h>
64 #include <string.h>
65 #include <time.h>
66 #include <unistd.h>
67 
68 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
69 #define DEF_F "%#Xf "
70 #define RAW_F "%f "
71 #define SHELL_F " st_flags=%f"
72 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
73 #define DEF_F
74 #define RAW_F
75 #define SHELL_F
76 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
77 
78 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
79 #define DEF_B "\"%SB\" "
80 #define RAW_B "%B "
81 #define SHELL_B "st_birthtime=%B "
82 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
83 #define DEF_B
84 #define RAW_B
85 #define SHELL_B
86 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
87 
88 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM
89 #define st_atimespec st_atim
90 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
91 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
92 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM */
93 
94 #define DEF_FORMAT \
95 	"%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " DEF_B \
96 	"%k %b " DEF_F "%N"
97 #define RAW_FORMAT	"%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " RAW_B \
98 	"%k %b " RAW_F "%N"
99 #define LS_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
100 #define LSF_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
101 #define SHELL_FORMAT \
102 	"st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
103 	"st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
104 	"st_atime=%a st_mtime=%m st_ctime=%c " SHELL_B \
105 	"st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b" SHELL_F
106 #define LINUX_FORMAT \
107 	"  File: \"%N\"%n" \
108 	"  Size: %-11z  FileType: %HT%n" \
109 	"  Mode: (%OMp%03OLp/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
110 	"Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
111 	"Access: %Sa%n" \
112 	"Modify: %Sm%n" \
113 	"Change: %Sc"
114 
115 #define TIME_FORMAT	"%b %e %T %Y"
116 
117 #define FLAG_POUND	0x01
118 #define FLAG_SPACE	0x02
119 #define FLAG_PLUS	0x04
120 #define FLAG_ZERO	0x08
121 #define FLAG_MINUS	0x10
122 
123 /*
124  * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
125  */
126 #define FMT_MAGIC	'%'
127 #define FMT_DOT		'.'
128 
129 #define SIMPLE_NEWLINE	'n'
130 #define SIMPLE_TAB	't'
131 #define SIMPLE_PERCENT	'%'
132 #define SIMPLE_NUMBER	'@'
133 
134 #define FMT_POUND	'#'
135 #define FMT_SPACE	' '
136 #define FMT_PLUS	'+'
137 #define FMT_ZERO	'0'
138 #define FMT_MINUS	'-'
139 
140 #define FMT_DECIMAL 	'D'
141 #define FMT_OCTAL 	'O'
142 #define FMT_UNSIGNED 	'U'
143 #define FMT_HEX 	'X'
144 #define FMT_FLOAT 	'F'
145 #define FMT_STRING 	'S'
146 
147 #define FMTF_DECIMAL	0x01
148 #define FMTF_OCTAL	0x02
149 #define FMTF_UNSIGNED	0x04
150 #define FMTF_HEX	0x08
151 #define FMTF_FLOAT	0x10
152 #define FMTF_STRING	0x20
153 
154 #define HIGH_PIECE	'H'
155 #define MIDDLE_PIECE	'M'
156 #define LOW_PIECE	'L'
157 
158 #define	SHOW_realpath	'R'
159 #define SHOW_st_dev	'd'
160 #define SHOW_st_ino	'i'
161 #define SHOW_st_mode	'p'
162 #define SHOW_st_nlink	'l'
163 #define SHOW_st_uid	'u'
164 #define SHOW_st_gid	'g'
165 #define SHOW_st_rdev	'r'
166 #define SHOW_st_atime	'a'
167 #define SHOW_st_mtime	'm'
168 #define SHOW_st_ctime	'c'
169 #define SHOW_st_btime	'B'
170 #define SHOW_st_size	'z'
171 #define SHOW_st_blocks	'b'
172 #define SHOW_st_blksize	'k'
173 #define SHOW_st_flags	'f'
174 #define SHOW_st_gen	'v'
175 #define SHOW_symlink	'Y'
176 #define SHOW_filetype	'T'
177 #define SHOW_filename	'N'
178 #define SHOW_sizerdev	'Z'
179 
180 void	usage(const char *);
181 void	output(const struct stat *, const char *,
182 	    const char *, int, int);
183 int	format1(const struct stat *,	/* stat info */
184 	    const char *,		/* the file name */
185 	    const char *, int,		/* the format string itself */
186 	    char *, size_t,		/* a place to put the output */
187 	    int, int, int, int,		/* the parsed format */
188 	    int, int);
189 int	hex2byte(const char [2]);
190 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
191 char   *xfflagstostr(unsigned long);
192 #endif
193 
194 static const char *timefmt;
195 static int linkfail;
196 
197 #define addchar(s, c, nl) \
198 	do { \
199 		(void)fputc((c), (s)); \
200 		(*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
201 	} while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)
202 
203 int
204 main(int argc, char *argv[])
205 {
206 	struct stat st;
207 	int ch, rc, errs, am_readlink;
208 	int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, nfs_handle, fn, nonl, quiet;
209 	const char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;
210 	char dname[sizeof _PATH_DEV + SPECNAMELEN] = _PATH_DEV;
211 	fhandle_t fhnd;
212 	const char *file;
213 
214 	am_readlink = 0;
215 	lsF = 0;
216 	fmtchar = '\0';
217 	usestat = 0;
218 	nfs_handle = 0;
219 	nonl = 0;
220 	quiet = 0;
221 	linkfail = 0;
222 	statfmt = NULL;
223 	timefmt = NULL;
224 
225 	if (strcmp(getprogname(), "readlink") == 0) {
226 		am_readlink = 1;
227 		options = "fn";
228 		synopsis = "[-fn] [file ...]";
229 		statfmt = "%Y";
230 		fmtchar = 'f';
231 		quiet = 1;
232 	} else {
233 		options = "f:FHlLnqrst:x";
234 		synopsis = "[-FLnq] [-f format | -l | -r | -s | -x] "
235 		    "[-t timefmt] [file|handle ...]";
236 	}
237 
238 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
239 		switch (ch) {
240 		case 'F':
241 			lsF = 1;
242 			break;
243                 case 'H':
244 			nfs_handle = 1;
245 			break;
246 		case 'L':
247 			usestat = 1;
248 			break;
249 		case 'n':
250 			nonl = 1;
251 			break;
252 		case 'q':
253 			quiet = 1;
254 			break;
255 		case 'f':
256 			if (am_readlink) {
257 				statfmt = "%R";
258 				break;
259 			}
260 			statfmt = optarg;
261 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
262 		case 'l':
263 		case 'r':
264 		case 's':
265 		case 'x':
266 			if (fmtchar != 0)
267 				errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
268 				    fmtchar, ch);
269 			fmtchar = ch;
270 			break;
271 		case 't':
272 			timefmt = optarg;
273 			break;
274 		default:
275 			usage(synopsis);
276 		}
277 
278 	argc -= optind;
279 	argv += optind;
280 	fn = 1;
281 
282 	if (fmtchar == '\0') {
283 		if (lsF)
284 			fmtchar = 'l';
285 		else {
286 			fmtchar = 'f';
287 			statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
288 		}
289 	}
290 
291 	if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l')
292 		errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);
293 
294 	switch (fmtchar) {
295 	case 'f':
296 		/* statfmt already set */
297 		break;
298 	case 'l':
299 		statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
300 		break;
301 	case 'r':
302 		statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
303 		break;
304 	case 's':
305 		statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
306 		break;
307 	case 'x':
308 		statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
309 		if (timefmt == NULL)
310 			timefmt = "%c";
311 		break;
312 	default:
313 		usage(synopsis);
314 		/*NOTREACHED*/
315 	}
316 
317 	if (timefmt == NULL)
318 		timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;
319 
320 	errs = 0;
321 	do {
322 		if (argc == 0) {
323 			if (fdevname_r(STDIN_FILENO, dname +
324 			    sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1, SPECNAMELEN) != NULL)
325 				file = dname;
326 			else
327 				file = "(stdin)";
328 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st);
329 		} else {
330 			int j;
331 
332 			file = argv[0];
333 			if (nfs_handle) {
334 				rc = 0;
335 				bzero(&fhnd, sizeof(fhnd));
336 				j = MIN(2 * sizeof(fhnd), strlen(file));
337 				if ((j & 1) != 0) {
338 					rc = -1;
339 				} else {
340 					while (j) {
341 						rc = hex2byte(&file[j - 2]);
342 						if (rc == -1)
343 							break;
344 						((char*) &fhnd)[j / 2 - 1] = rc;
345 						j -= 2;
346 					}
347 				}
348 				if (rc == -1)
349 					errno = EINVAL;
350 				else
351 					rc = fhstat(&fhnd, &st);
352 
353 			} else if (usestat) {
354 				/*
355 				 * Try stat() and if it fails, fall back to
356 				 * lstat() just in case we're examining a
357 				 * broken symlink.
358 				 */
359 				if ((rc = stat(file, &st)) == -1 &&
360 				    errno == ENOENT &&
361 				    (rc = lstat(file, &st)) == -1)
362 					errno = ENOENT;
363 			}
364 			else
365 				rc = lstat(file, &st);
366 		}
367 
368 		if (rc == -1) {
369 			errs = 1;
370 			linkfail = 1;
371 			if (!quiet)
372 				warn("%s: stat", file);
373 		}
374 		else
375 			output(&st, file, statfmt, fn, nonl);
376 
377 		argv++;
378 		argc--;
379 		fn++;
380 	} while (argc > 0);
381 
382 	return (am_readlink ? linkfail : errs);
383 }
384 
385 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
386 /*
387  * fflagstostr() wrapper that leaks only once
388  */
389 char *
390 xfflagstostr(unsigned long fflags)
391 {
392 	static char *str = NULL;
393 
394 	if (str != NULL)
395 		free(str);
396 
397 	str = fflagstostr(fflags);
398 	if (str == NULL)
399 		err(1, "fflagstostr");
400 	return (str);
401 }
402 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
403 
404 void
405 usage(const char *synopsis)
406 {
407 
408 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", getprogname(), synopsis);
409 	exit(1);
410 }
411 
412 /*
413  * Parses a format string.
414  */
415 void
416 output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
417     const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl)
418 {
419 	int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
420 	char buf[PATH_MAX + 4 + 1];
421 	const char *subfmt;
422 	int nl, t, i;
423 
424 	nl = 1;
425 	while (*statfmt != '\0') {
426 
427 		/*
428 		 * Non-format characters go straight out.
429 		 */
430 		if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
431 			addchar(stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
432 			statfmt++;
433 			continue;
434 		}
435 
436 		/*
437 		 * The current format "substring" starts here,
438 		 * and then we skip the magic.
439 		 */
440 		subfmt = statfmt;
441 		statfmt++;
442 
443 		/*
444 		 * Some simple one-character "formats".
445 		 */
446 		switch (*statfmt) {
447 		case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
448 			addchar(stdout, '\n', &nl);
449 			statfmt++;
450 			continue;
451 		case SIMPLE_TAB:
452 			addchar(stdout, '\t', &nl);
453 			statfmt++;
454 			continue;
455 		case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
456 			addchar(stdout, '%', &nl);
457 			statfmt++;
458 			continue;
459 		case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
460 			char num[12], *p;
461 
462 			snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
463 			for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
464 				addchar(stdout, *p, &nl);
465 			statfmt++;
466 			continue;
467 		}
468 		}
469 
470 		/*
471 		 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
472 		 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
473 		 * the form:
474 		 *
475 		 *	%	required start of format
476 		 *	[-# +0]	opt. format characters
477 		 *	size	opt. field width
478 		 *	.	opt. decimal separator, followed by
479 		 *	prec	opt. precision
480 		 *	fmt	opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
481 		 *	sub	opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
482 		 *	datum	required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
483 		 *
484 		 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
485 		 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
486 		 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
487 		 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
488 		 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
489 		 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
490 		 * block devices, and size output for all others.
491 		 */
492 		flags = 0;
493 		do {
494 			if      (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
495 				flags |= FLAG_POUND;
496 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
497 				flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
498 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
499 				flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
500 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
501 				flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
502 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
503 				flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
504 			else
505 				break;
506 			statfmt++;
507 		} while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);
508 
509 		size = -1;
510 		if (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
511 			size = 0;
512 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
513 				size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
514 				statfmt++;
515 				if (size < 0)
516 					goto badfmt;
517 			}
518 		}
519 
520 		prec = -1;
521 		if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
522 			statfmt++;
523 
524 			prec = 0;
525 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
526 				prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
527 				statfmt++;
528 				if (prec < 0)
529 					goto badfmt;
530 			}
531 		}
532 
533 #define fmtcase(x, y)		case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
534 #define fmtcasef(x, y, z)	case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
535 		switch (*statfmt) {
536 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,	FMTF_DECIMAL);
537 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,	FMTF_OCTAL);
538 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,	FMTF_UNSIGNED);
539 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,		FMTF_HEX);
540 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,	FMTF_FLOAT);
541 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,	FMTF_STRING);
542 		default:
543 			ofmt = 0;
544 			break;
545 		}
546 
547 		switch (*statfmt) {
548 			fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
549 			fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
550 			fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
551 		default:
552 			hilo = 0;
553 			break;
554 		}
555 
556 		switch (*statfmt) {
557 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_realpath);
558 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
559 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
560 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
561 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
562 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
563 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
564 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
565 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
566 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
567 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
568 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
569 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
570 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
571 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
572 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
573 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
574 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
575 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
576 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
577 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
578 		default:
579 			goto badfmt;
580 		}
581 #undef fmtcasef
582 #undef fmtcase
583 
584 		t = format1(st,
585 		     file,
586 		     subfmt, statfmt - subfmt,
587 		     buf, sizeof(buf),
588 		     flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what);
589 
590 		for (i = 0; i < t && i < (int)(sizeof(buf) - 1); i++)
591 			addchar(stdout, buf[i], &nl);
592 
593 		continue;
594 
595 	badfmt:
596 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
597 		    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
598 	}
599 
600 	if (!nl && !nonl)
601 		(void)fputc('\n', stdout);
602 	(void)fflush(stdout);
603 }
604 
605 /*
606  * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
607  */
608 int
609 format1(const struct stat *st,
610     const char *file,
611     const char *fmt, int flen,
612     char *buf, size_t blen,
613     int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
614     int hilo, int what)
615 {
616 	u_int64_t data;
617 	char *stmp, lfmt[24], tmp[20];
618 	const char *sdata;
619 	char smode[12], sid[12], path[PATH_MAX + 4];
620 	struct passwd *pw;
621 	struct group *gr;
622 	const struct timespec *tsp;
623 	struct timespec ts;
624 	struct tm *tm;
625 	int l, small, formats;
626 
627 	tsp = NULL;
628 	formats = 0;
629 	small = 0;
630 
631 	/*
632 	 * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
633 	 * specified output format (symlink output only).
634 	 */
635 	switch (what) {
636 	case SHOW_st_dev:
637 	case SHOW_st_rdev:
638 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
639 		data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
640 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
641 		sdata = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ?
642 		    devname(st->st_dev, S_IFBLK) :
643 		    devname(st->st_rdev,
644 		    S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
645 		    S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK :
646 		    0U);
647 		if (sdata == NULL)
648 			sdata = "???";
649 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
650 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
651 			data = major(data);
652 			hilo = 0;
653 		}
654 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
655 			data = minor((unsigned)data);
656 			hilo = 0;
657 		}
658 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
659 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
660 		    FMTF_STRING;
661 #else /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
662 		    0;
663 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
664 		if (ofmt == 0)
665 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
666 		break;
667 	case SHOW_st_ino:
668 		small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
669 		data = st->st_ino;
670 		sdata = NULL;
671 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
672 		if (ofmt == 0)
673 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
674 		break;
675 	case SHOW_st_mode:
676 		small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
677 		data = st->st_mode;
678 		strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
679 		stmp = smode;
680 		l = strlen(stmp);
681 		if (stmp[l - 1] == ' ')
682 			stmp[--l] = '\0';
683 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
684 			data >>= 12;
685 			stmp += 1;
686 			stmp[3] = '\0';
687 			hilo = 0;
688 		}
689 		else if (hilo == MIDDLE_PIECE) {
690 			data = (data >> 9) & 07;
691 			stmp += 4;
692 			stmp[3] = '\0';
693 			hilo = 0;
694 		}
695 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
696 			data &= 0777;
697 			stmp += 7;
698 			stmp[3] = '\0';
699 			hilo = 0;
700 		}
701 		sdata = stmp;
702 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
703 		    FMTF_STRING;
704 		if (ofmt == 0)
705 			ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
706 		break;
707 	case SHOW_st_nlink:
708 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
709 		data = st->st_nlink;
710 		sdata = NULL;
711 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
712 		if (ofmt == 0)
713 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
714 		break;
715 	case SHOW_st_uid:
716 		small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
717 		data = st->st_uid;
718 		if ((pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid)) != NULL)
719 			sdata = pw->pw_name;
720 		else {
721 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
722 			sdata = sid;
723 		}
724 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
725 		    FMTF_STRING;
726 		if (ofmt == 0)
727 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
728 		break;
729 	case SHOW_st_gid:
730 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
731 		data = st->st_gid;
732 		if ((gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid)) != NULL)
733 			sdata = gr->gr_name;
734 		else {
735 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
736 			sdata = sid;
737 		}
738 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
739 		    FMTF_STRING;
740 		if (ofmt == 0)
741 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
742 		break;
743 	case SHOW_st_atime:
744 		tsp = &st->st_atimespec;
745 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
746 	case SHOW_st_mtime:
747 		if (tsp == NULL)
748 			tsp = &st->st_mtimespec;
749 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
750 	case SHOW_st_ctime:
751 		if (tsp == NULL)
752 			tsp = &st->st_ctimespec;
753 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
754 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
755 	case SHOW_st_btime:
756 		if (tsp == NULL)
757 			tsp = &st->st_birthtimespec;
758 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
759 		ts = *tsp;		/* copy so we can muck with it */
760 		small = (sizeof(ts.tv_sec) == 4);
761 		data = ts.tv_sec;
762 		tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
763 		if (tm == NULL) {
764 			ts.tv_sec = 0;
765 			tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
766 		}
767 		(void)strftime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, tm);
768 		sdata = path;
769 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
770 		    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
771 		if (ofmt == 0)
772 			ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
773 		break;
774 	case SHOW_st_size:
775 		small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
776 		data = st->st_size;
777 		sdata = NULL;
778 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
779 		if (ofmt == 0)
780 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
781 		break;
782 	case SHOW_st_blocks:
783 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
784 		data = st->st_blocks;
785 		sdata = NULL;
786 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
787 		if (ofmt == 0)
788 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
789 		break;
790 	case SHOW_st_blksize:
791 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
792 		data = st->st_blksize;
793 		sdata = NULL;
794 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
795 		if (ofmt == 0)
796 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
797 		break;
798 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
799 	case SHOW_st_flags:
800 		small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
801 		data = st->st_flags;
802 		sdata = xfflagstostr(st->st_flags);
803 		if (*sdata == '\0')
804 			sdata = "-";
805 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
806 		    FMTF_STRING;
807 		if (ofmt == 0)
808 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
809 		break;
810 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
811 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
812 	case SHOW_st_gen:
813 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
814 		data = st->st_gen;
815 		sdata = NULL;
816 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
817 		if (ofmt == 0)
818 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
819 		break;
820 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN */
821 	case SHOW_realpath:
822 		small = 0;
823 		data = 0;
824 		if (file == NULL) {
825 			(void)strlcpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
826 			sdata = path;
827 		} else {
828 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
829 			if (realpath(file, path + 4) == NULL) {
830 				linkfail = 1;
831 				l = 0;
832 				path[0] = '\0';
833 			}
834 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
835 		}
836 
837 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
838 		if (ofmt == 0)
839 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
840 		break;
841 	case SHOW_symlink:
842 		small = 0;
843 		data = 0;
844 		if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
845 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
846 			l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
847 			if (l == -1) {
848 				linkfail = 1;
849 				l = 0;
850 				path[0] = '\0';
851 			}
852 			path[l + 4] = '\0';
853 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
854 		}
855 		else {
856 			linkfail = 1;
857 			sdata = "";
858 		}
859 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
860 		if (ofmt == 0)
861 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
862 		break;
863 	case SHOW_filetype:
864 		small = 0;
865 		data = 0;
866 		sdata = "";
867 		if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
868 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
869 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "|";	break;
870 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "/";	break;
871 			case S_IFREG:
872 				if (st->st_mode &
873 				    (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
874 					sdata = "*";
875 				break;
876 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "@";	break;
877 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "=";	break;
878 #ifdef S_IFWHT
879 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "%";	break;
880 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
881 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
882 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = ">";	break;
883 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
884 			}
885 			hilo = 0;
886 		}
887 		else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
888 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
889 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "Fifo File";		break;
890 			case S_IFCHR:	sdata = "Character Device";	break;
891 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "Directory";		break;
892 			case S_IFBLK:	sdata = "Block Device";		break;
893 			case S_IFREG:	sdata = "Regular File";		break;
894 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "Symbolic Link";	break;
895 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "Socket";		break;
896 #ifdef S_IFWHT
897 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "Whiteout File";	break;
898 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
899 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
900 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = "Door";			break;
901 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
902 			default:	sdata = "???";			break;
903 			}
904 			hilo = 0;
905 		}
906 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
907 		if (ofmt == 0)
908 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
909 		break;
910 	case SHOW_filename:
911 		small = 0;
912 		data = 0;
913 		(void)strlcpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
914 		sdata = path;
915 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
916 		if (ofmt == 0)
917 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
918 		break;
919 	case SHOW_sizerdev:
920 		if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
921 			char majdev[20], mindev[20];
922 			int l1, l2;
923 
924 			l1 = format1(st,
925 			    file,
926 			    fmt, flen,
927 			    majdev, sizeof(majdev),
928 			    flags, size, prec,
929 			    ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
930 			l2 = format1(st,
931 			    file,
932 			    fmt, flen,
933 			    mindev, sizeof(mindev),
934 			    flags, size, prec,
935 			    ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
936 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
937 			    l1, majdev, l2, mindev));
938 		}
939 		else {
940 			return (format1(st,
941 			    file,
942 			    fmt, flen,
943 			    buf, blen,
944 			    flags, size, prec,
945 			    ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size));
946 		}
947 		/*NOTREACHED*/
948 	default:
949 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
950 	}
951 
952 	/*
953 	 * If a subdatum was specified but not supported, or an output
954 	 * format was selected that is not supported, that's an error.
955 	 */
956 	if (hilo != 0 || (ofmt & formats) == 0)
957 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
958 
959 	/*
960 	 * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
961 	 */
962 	lfmt[0] = '\0';
963 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "%");
964 	if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
965 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "#");
966 	if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
967 		(void)strcat(lfmt, " ");
968 	if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
969 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "+");
970 	if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
971 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "-");
972 	if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
973 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "0");
974 
975 	/*
976 	 * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
977 	 * requires work that differs from the other formats.
978 	 */
979 	if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
980 		/*
981 		 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
982 		 */
983 		if (prec == 0) {
984 			if (size != -1) {
985 				(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
986 				(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
987 			}
988 			(void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
989 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt,
990 			    (long long)ts.tv_sec));
991 		}
992 
993 		/*
994 		 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
995 		 * 9 digits.
996 		 */
997 		if (prec == -1)
998 			prec = 9;
999 
1000 		/*
1001 		 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
1002 		 * that will follow.
1003 		 */
1004 		size -= prec + 1;
1005 
1006 		/*
1007 		 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
1008 		 */
1009 		if (size > 0) {
1010 			(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1011 			(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1012 		}
1013 		/* Seconds: time_t cast to long long. */
1014 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
1015 
1016 		/*
1017 		 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
1018 		 * filling.
1019 		 */
1020 		(void)strcat(lfmt, ".%0");
1021 
1022 		/*
1023 		 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
1024 		 * rest we will pad on at the end.
1025 		 *
1026 		 * Nanoseconds: long.
1027 		 */
1028 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dld", MIN(prec, 9));
1029 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1030 
1031 		/*
1032 		 * For precision of less that nine digits, trim off the
1033 		 * less significant figures.
1034 		 */
1035 		for (; prec < 9; prec++)
1036 			ts.tv_nsec /= 10;
1037 
1038 		/*
1039 		 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
1040 		 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
1041 		 */
1042 		l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, (long long)ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
1043 		for (; prec > 9 && l < (int)blen; prec--, l++)
1044 			(void)strcat(buf, "0");
1045 		return (l);
1046 	}
1047 
1048 	/*
1049 	 * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
1050 	 */
1051 	if (size != -1) {
1052 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1053 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1054 	}
1055 	if (prec != -1) {
1056 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
1057 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1058 	}
1059 
1060 	/*
1061 	 * String output uses the temporary sdata.
1062 	 */
1063 	if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
1064 		if (sdata == NULL)
1065 			errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
1066 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "s");
1067 		return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata));
1068 	}
1069 
1070 	/*
1071 	 * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
1072 	 * for some forms.
1073 	 */
1074 	if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
1075 		data = (u_int32_t)data;
1076 
1077 	/*
1078 	 * The four "numeric" output forms.
1079 	 */
1080 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "ll");
1081 	switch (ofmt) {
1082 	case FMTF_DECIMAL:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");	break;
1083 	case FMTF_OCTAL:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "o");	break;
1084 	case FMTF_UNSIGNED:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "u");	break;
1085 	case FMTF_HEX:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "x");	break;
1086 	}
1087 
1088 	return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data));
1089 }
1090 
1091 
1092 #define hex2nibble(c) (c <= '9' ? c - '0' : toupper(c) - 'A' + 10)
1093 int
1094 hex2byte(const char c[2]) {
1095 	if (!(ishexnumber(c[0]) && ishexnumber(c[1])))
1096 		return -1;
1097 	return (hex2nibble(c[0]) << 4) + hex2nibble(c[1]);
1098 }
1099