1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)rs.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 29.\" 30.Dd April 7, 2015 31.Dt RS 1 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm rs 35.Nd reshape a data array 36.Sh SYNOPSIS 37.Nm 38.Oo 39.Fl Oo Cm csCS Oc Ns Op Ar x 40.Oo Cm kKgGw Oc Ns Op Ar N 41.Cm tTeEnyjhHmz 42.Oc 43.Op Ar rows Op Ar cols 44.Sh DESCRIPTION 45The 46.Nm 47utility reads the standard input, interpreting each line as a row 48of blank-separated entries in an array, 49transforms the array according to the options, 50and writes it on the standard output. 51With no arguments it transforms stream input into a columnar 52format convenient for terminal viewing. 53.Pp 54The shape of the input array is deduced from the number of lines 55and the number of columns on the first line. 56If that shape is inconvenient, a more useful one might be 57obtained by skipping some of the input with the 58.Fl k 59option. 60Other options control interpretation of the input columns. 61.Pp 62The shape of the output array is influenced by the 63.Ar rows 64and 65.Ar cols 66specifications, which should be positive integers. 67If only one of them is a positive integer, 68.Nm 69computes a value for the other which will accommodate 70all of the data. 71When necessary, missing data are supplied in a manner 72specified by the options and surplus data are deleted. 73There are options to control presentation of the output columns, 74including transposition of the rows and columns. 75.Pp 76The following options are available: 77.Bl -tag -width indent 78.It Fl c Ns Ar x 79Input columns are delimited by the single character 80.Ar x . 81A missing 82.Ar x 83is taken to be `^I'. 84.It Fl s Ns Ar x 85Like 86.Fl c , 87but maximal strings of 88.Ar x 89are delimiters. 90.It Fl C Ns Ar x 91Output columns are delimited by the single character 92.Ar x . 93A missing 94.Ar x 95is taken to be `^I'. 96.It Fl S Ns Ar x 97Like 98.Fl C , 99but padded strings of 100.Ar x 101are delimiters. 102.It Fl t 103Fill in the rows of the output array using the columns of the 104input array, that is, transpose the input while honoring any 105.Ar rows 106and 107.Ar cols 108specifications. 109.It Fl T 110Print the pure transpose of the input, ignoring any 111.Ar rows 112or 113.Ar cols 114specification. 115.It Fl k Ns Ar N 116Ignore the first 117.Ar N 118lines of input. 119.It Fl K Ns Ar N 120Like 121.Fl k , 122but print the ignored lines. 123.It Fl g Ns Ar N 124The gutter width (inter-column space), normally 2, is taken to be 125.Ar N . 126.It Fl G Ns Ar N 127The gutter width has 128.Ar N 129percent of the maximum column width added to it. 130.It Fl e 131Consider each line of input as an array entry. 132.It Fl n 133On lines having fewer entries than the first line, 134use null entries to pad out the line. 135Normally, missing entries are taken from the next line of input. 136.It Fl y 137If there are too few entries to make up the output dimensions, 138pad the output by recycling the input from the beginning. 139Normally, the output is padded with blanks. 140.It Fl h 141Print the shape of the input array and do nothing else. 142The shape is just the number of lines and the number of 143entries on the first line. 144.It Fl H 145Like 146.Fl h , 147but also print the length of each line. 148.It Fl j 149Right adjust entries within columns. 150.It Fl w Ns Ar N 151The width of the display, normally 80, is taken to be the positive 152integer 153.Ar N . 154.It Fl m 155Do not trim excess delimiters from the ends of the output array. 156.It Fl z 157Adapt column widths to fit the largest entries appearing in them. 158.El 159.Pp 160With no arguments, 161.Nm 162transposes its input, and assumes one array entry per input line 163unless the first non-ignored line is longer than the display width. 164Option letters which take numerical arguments interpret a missing 165number as zero unless otherwise indicated. 166.Sh EXAMPLES 167The 168.Nm 169utility can be used as a filter to convert the stream output 170of certain programs (e.g., 171.Xr spell 1 , 172.Xr du 1 , 173.Xr file 1 , 174.Xr look 1 , 175.Xr nm 1 , 176.Xr who 1 , 177and 178.Xr wc 1 ) 179into a convenient ``window'' format, as in 180.Bd -literal -offset indent 181% who | rs 182.Ed 183.Pp 184This function has been incorporated into the 185.Xr ls 1 186program, though for most programs with similar output 187.Nm 188suffices. 189.Pp 190To convert stream input into vector output and back again, use 191.Bd -literal -offset indent 192% rs 1 0 | rs 0 1 193.Ed 194.Pp 195A 10 by 10 array of random numbers from 1 to 100 and 196its transpose can be generated with 197.Bd -literal -offset indent 198% jot \-r 100 | rs 10 10 | tee array | rs \-T > tarray 199.Ed 200.Pp 201In the editor 202.Xr vi 1 , 203a file consisting of a multi-line vector with 9 elements per line 204can undergo insertions and deletions, 205and then be neatly reshaped into 9 columns with 206.Bd -literal -offset indent 207:1,$!rs 0 9 208.Ed 209.Pp 210Finally, to sort a database by the first line of each 4-line field, try 211.Bd -literal -offset indent 212% rs \-eC 0 4 | sort | rs \-c 0 1 213.Ed 214.Sh SEE ALSO 215.Xr jot 1 , 216.Xr pr 1 , 217.Xr sort 1 , 218.Xr vi 1 219.Sh HISTORY 220The 221.Nm 222utility first appeared in 223.Bx 4.2 . 224.Sh AUTHORS 225.An John A. Kunze 226.Sh BUGS 227.Bl -item 228.It 229Handles only two dimensional arrays. 230.It 231The algorithm currently reads the whole file into memory, 232so files that do not fit in memory will not be reshaped. 233.It 234Fields cannot be defined yet on character positions. 235.It 236Re-ordering of columns is not yet possible. 237.It 238There are too many options. 239.It 240Multibyte characters are not recognized. 241.It 242Lines longer than 243.Dv LINE_MAX 244(2048) bytes are not processed and result in immediate termination of 245.Nm . 246.El 247