1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)rs.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd December 30, 1993 36.Dt RS 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm rs 40.Nd reshape a data array 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Oo 44.Fl Oo Cm csCS Oc Ns Op Ar x 45.Oo Cm kKgGw Oc Ns Op Ar N 46.Cm tTeEnyjhHmz 47.Oc 48.Op Ar rows Op Ar cols 49.Sh DESCRIPTION 50.Nm Rs 51reads the standard input, interpreting each line as a row 52of blank-separated entries in an array, 53transforms the array according to the options, 54and writes it on the standard output. 55With no arguments it transforms stream input into a columnar 56format convenient for terminal viewing. 57.Pp 58The shape of the input array is deduced from the number of lines 59and the number of columns on the first line. 60If that shape is inconvenient, a more useful one might be 61obtained by skipping some of the input with the 62.Fl k 63option. 64Other options control interpretation of the input columns. 65.Pp 66The shape of the output array is influenced by the 67.Ar rows 68and 69.Ar cols 70specifications, which should be positive integers. 71If only one of them is a positive integer, 72.Nm 73computes a value for the other which will accommodate 74all of the data. 75When necessary, missing data are supplied in a manner 76specified by the options and surplus data are deleted. 77There are options to control presentation of the output columns, 78including transposition of the rows and columns. 79.Pp 80The following options are available: 81.Bl -tag -width indent 82.It Fl c Ns Ar x 83Input columns are delimited by the single character 84.Ar x . 85A missing 86.Ar x 87is taken to be `^I'. 88.It Fl s Ns Ar x 89Like 90.Fl c , 91but maximal strings of 92.Ar x 93are delimiters. 94.It Fl C Ns Ar x 95Output columns are delimited by the single character 96.Ar x . 97A missing 98.Ar x 99is taken to be `^I'. 100.It Fl S Ns Ar x 101Like 102.Fl C , 103but padded strings of 104.Ar x 105are delimiters. 106.It Fl t 107Fill in the rows of the output array using the columns of the 108input array, that is, transpose the input while honoring any 109.Ar rows 110and 111.Ar cols 112specifications. 113.It Fl T 114Print the pure transpose of the input, ignoring any 115.Ar rows 116or 117.Ar cols 118specification. 119.It Fl k Ns Ar N 120Ignore the first 121.Ar N 122lines of input. 123.It Fl K Ns Ar N 124Like 125.Fl k , 126but print the ignored lines. 127.It Fl g Ns Ar N 128The gutter width (inter-column space), normally 2, is taken to be 129.Ar N . 130.It Fl G Ns Ar N 131The gutter width has 132.Ar N 133percent of the maximum column width added to it. 134.It Fl e 135Consider each line of input as an array entry. 136.It Fl n 137On lines having fewer entries than the first line, 138use null entries to pad out the line. 139Normally, missing entries are taken from the next line of input. 140.It Fl y 141If there are too few entries to make up the output dimensions, 142pad the output by recycling the input from the beginning. 143Normally, the output is padded with blanks. 144.It Fl h 145Print the shape of the input array and do nothing else. 146The shape is just the number of lines and the number of 147entries on the first line. 148.It Fl H 149Like 150.Fl h , 151but also print the length of each line. 152.It Fl j 153Right adjust entries within columns. 154.It Fl w Ns Ar N 155The width of the display, normally 80, is taken to be the positive 156integer 157.Ar N . 158.It Fl m 159Do not trim excess delimiters from the ends of the output array. 160.It Fl z 161Adapt column widths to fit the largest entries appearing in them. 162.El 163.Pp 164With no arguments, 165.Nm 166transposes its input, and assumes one array entry per input line 167unless the first non-ignored line is longer than the display width. 168Option letters which take numerical arguments interpret a missing 169number as zero unless otherwise indicated. 170.Sh EXAMPLES 171.Nm Rs 172can be used as a filter to convert the stream output 173of certain programs (e.g., 174.Xr spell , 175.Xr du , 176.Xr file , 177.Xr look , 178.Xr nm , 179.Xr who , 180and 181.Xr wc 1 ) 182into a convenient ``window'' format, as in 183.Bd -literal -offset indent 184% who | rs 185.Ed 186.Pp 187This function has been incorporated into the 188.Xr ls 1 189program, though for most programs with similar output 190.Nm 191suffices. 192.Pp 193To convert stream input into vector output and back again, use 194.Bd -literal -offset indent 195% rs 1 0 | rs 0 1 196.Ed 197.Pp 198A 10 by 10 array of random numbers from 1 to 100 and 199its transpose can be generated with 200.Bd -literal -offset indent 201% jot \-r 100 | rs 10 10 | tee array | rs \-T > tarray 202.Ed 203.Pp 204In the editor 205.Xr vi 1 , 206a file consisting of a multi-line vector with 9 elements per line 207can undergo insertions and deletions, 208and then be neatly reshaped into 9 columns with 209.Bd -literal -offset indent 210:1,$!rs 0 9 211.Ed 212.Pp 213Finally, to sort a database by the first line of each 4-line field, try 214.Bd -literal -offset indent 215% rs \-eC 0 4 | sort | rs \-c 0 1 216.Ed 217.Sh SEE ALSO 218.Xr jot 1 , 219.Xr pr 1 , 220.Xr sort 1 , 221.Xr vi 1 222.Sh BUGS 223.Bl -item 224.It 225Handles only two dimensional arrays. 226.It 227The algorithm currently reads the whole file into memory, 228so files that do not fit in memory will not be reshaped. 229.It 230Fields cannot be defined yet on character positions. 231.It 232Re-ordering of columns is not yet possible. 233.It 234There are too many options. 235.El 236