xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/printf/printf.c (revision 5521ff5a4d1929056e7ffc982fac3341ca54df7c)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #if !defined(BUILTIN) && !defined(SHELL)
35 #ifndef lint
36 static char const copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
38 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
39 #endif /* not lint */
40 #endif
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 #if 0
44 static char const sccsid[] = "@(#)printf.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/20/93";
45 #endif
46 static const char rcsid[] =
47   "$FreeBSD$";
48 #endif /* not lint */
49 
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 
52 #include <err.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <limits.h>
55 #include <stdio.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <string.h>
58 #include <unistd.h>
59 
60 #ifdef SHELL
61 #define main printfcmd
62 #include "bltin/bltin.h"
63 #include "memalloc.h"
64 #else
65 #define	warnx1(a, b, c)		warnx(a)
66 #define	warnx2(a, b, c)		warnx(a, b)
67 #define	warnx3(a, b, c)		warnx(a, b, c)
68 #endif
69 
70 #ifndef BUILTIN
71 #include <locale.h>
72 #endif
73 
74 #define PF(f, func) { \
75 	char *b = NULL; \
76 	if (fieldwidth) \
77 		if (precision) \
78 			(void)asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
79 		else \
80 			(void)asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, func); \
81 	else if (precision) \
82 		(void)asprintf(&b, f, precision, func); \
83 	else \
84 		(void)asprintf(&b, f, func); \
85 	if (b) { \
86 		(void)fputs(b, stdout); \
87 		free(b); \
88 	} \
89 }
90 
91 static int	 asciicode __P((void));
92 static void	 escape __P((char *));
93 static int	 getchr __P((void));
94 static double	 getdouble __P((void));
95 static int	 getint __P((int *));
96 static int	 getquad __P((quad_t *));
97 static char	*getstr __P((void));
98 static char	*mklong __P((char *, int));
99 static void	 usage __P((void));
100 
101 static char **gargv;
102 
103 int
104 #ifdef BUILTIN
105 progprintf(argc, argv)
106 #else
107 main(argc, argv)
108 #endif
109 	int argc;
110 	char *argv[];
111 {
112 	static char *skip1, *skip2;
113 	int ch, end, fieldwidth, precision;
114 	char convch, nextch, *format, *fmt, *start;
115 
116 #ifndef BUILTIN
117 	(void) setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
118 #endif
119 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != -1)
120 		switch (ch) {
121 		case '?':
122 		default:
123 			usage();
124 			return (1);
125 		}
126 	argc -= optind;
127 	argv += optind;
128 
129 	if (argc < 1) {
130 		usage();
131 		return (1);
132 	}
133 
134 	/*
135 	 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
136 	 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
137 	 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.  Note,
138 	 * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided
139 	 * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use
140 	 * up the format string.
141 	 */
142 	skip1 = "#-+ 0";
143 	skip2 = "0123456789";
144 
145 	escape(fmt = format = *argv);		/* backslash interpretation */
146 	gargv = ++argv;
147 	for (;;) {
148 		end = 0;
149 		/* find next format specification */
150 next:		for (start = fmt;; ++fmt) {
151 			if (!*fmt) {
152 				/* avoid infinite loop */
153 				if (end == 1) {
154 					warnx1("missing format character",
155 					    NULL, NULL);
156 					return (1);
157 				}
158 				end = 1;
159 				if (fmt > start)
160 					(void)printf("%s", start);
161 				if (!*gargv)
162 					return (0);
163 				fmt = format;
164 				goto next;
165 			}
166 			/* %% prints a % */
167 			if (*fmt == '%') {
168 				if (*++fmt != '%')
169 					break;
170 				*fmt++ = '\0';
171 				(void)printf("%s", start);
172 				goto next;
173 			}
174 		}
175 
176 		/* skip to field width */
177 		for (; strchr(skip1, *fmt); ++fmt);
178 		if (*fmt == '*') {
179 			if (getint(&fieldwidth))
180 				return (1);
181 			++fmt;
182 		} else {
183 			fieldwidth = 0;
184 
185 			/* skip to possible '.', get following precision */
186 			for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
187 		}
188 		if (*fmt == '.') {
189 			/* precision present? */
190 			++fmt;
191 			if (*fmt == '*') {
192 				if (getint(&precision))
193 					return (1);
194 				++fmt;
195 			} else {
196 				precision = 0;
197 
198 				/* skip to conversion char */
199 				for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
200 			}
201 		} else
202 			precision = 0;
203 		if (!*fmt) {
204 			warnx1("missing format character", NULL, NULL);
205 			return (1);
206 		}
207 
208 		convch = *fmt;
209 		nextch = *++fmt;
210 		*fmt = '\0';
211 		switch(convch) {
212 		case 'c': {
213 			char p;
214 
215 			p = getchr();
216 			PF(start, p);
217 			break;
218 		}
219 		case 's': {
220 			char *p;
221 
222 			p = getstr();
223 			PF(start, p);
224 			break;
225 		}
226 		case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
227 			quad_t p;
228 			char *f;
229 
230 			if ((f = mklong(start, convch)) == NULL)
231 				return (1);
232 			if (getquad(&p))
233 				return (1);
234 			PF(f, p);
235 			break;
236 		}
237 		case 'e': case 'E': case 'f': case 'g': case 'G': {
238 			double p;
239 
240 			p = getdouble();
241 			PF(start, p);
242 			break;
243 		}
244 		default:
245 			warnx2("illegal format character %c", convch, NULL);
246 			return (1);
247 		}
248 		*fmt = nextch;
249 	}
250 	/* NOTREACHED */
251 }
252 
253 static char *
254 mklong(str, ch)
255 	char *str;
256 	int ch;
257 {
258 	static char *copy;
259 	static size_t copy_size;
260 	size_t len, newlen;
261 	char *newcopy;
262 
263 	len = strlen(str) + 2;
264 	if (len > copy_size) {
265 		newlen = ((len + 1023) >> 10) << 10;
266 #ifdef SHELL
267 		if ((newcopy = ckrealloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL)
268 #else
269 		if ((newcopy = realloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL)
270 #endif
271 			return (NULL);
272 		copy = newcopy;
273 		copy_size = newlen;
274 	}
275 
276 	memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
277 	copy[len - 3] = 'q';
278 	copy[len - 2] = ch;
279 	copy[len - 1] = '\0';
280 	return (copy);
281 }
282 
283 static void
284 escape(fmt)
285 	register char *fmt;
286 {
287 	register char *store;
288 	register int value, c;
289 
290 	for (store = fmt; (c = *fmt); ++fmt, ++store) {
291 		if (c != '\\') {
292 			*store = c;
293 			continue;
294 		}
295 		switch (*++fmt) {
296 		case '\0':		/* EOS, user error */
297 			*store = '\\';
298 			*++store = '\0';
299 			return;
300 		case '\\':		/* backslash */
301 		case '\'':		/* single quote */
302 			*store = *fmt;
303 			break;
304 		case 'a':		/* bell/alert */
305 			*store = '\7';
306 			break;
307 		case 'b':		/* backspace */
308 			*store = '\b';
309 			break;
310 		case 'f':		/* form-feed */
311 			*store = '\f';
312 			break;
313 		case 'n':		/* newline */
314 			*store = '\n';
315 			break;
316 		case 'r':		/* carriage-return */
317 			*store = '\r';
318 			break;
319 		case 't':		/* horizontal tab */
320 			*store = '\t';
321 			break;
322 		case 'v':		/* vertical tab */
323 			*store = '\13';
324 			break;
325 					/* octal constant */
326 		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
327 		case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
328 			for (c = 3, value = 0;
329 			    c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) {
330 				value <<= 3;
331 				value += *fmt - '0';
332 			}
333 			--fmt;
334 			*store = value;
335 			break;
336 		default:
337 			*store = *fmt;
338 			break;
339 		}
340 	}
341 	*store = '\0';
342 }
343 
344 static int
345 getchr()
346 {
347 	if (!*gargv)
348 		return ('\0');
349 	return ((int)**gargv++);
350 }
351 
352 static char *
353 getstr()
354 {
355 	if (!*gargv)
356 		return ("");
357 	return (*gargv++);
358 }
359 
360 static char *Number = "+-.0123456789";
361 static int
362 getint(ip)
363 	int *ip;
364 {
365 	quad_t val;
366 
367 	if (getquad(&val))
368 		return (1);
369 	if (val < INT_MIN || val > INT_MAX) {
370 		warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
371 		return (1);
372 	}
373 	*ip = (int)val;
374 	return (0);
375 }
376 
377 static int
378 getquad(lp)
379 	quad_t *lp;
380 {
381 	quad_t val;
382 	char *ep;
383 
384 	if (!*gargv) {
385 		*lp = 0;
386 		return (0);
387 	}
388 	if (strchr(Number, **gargv)) {
389 		errno = 0;
390 		val = strtoq(*gargv, &ep, 0);
391 		if (*ep != '\0') {
392 			warnx2("%s: illegal number", *gargv, NULL);
393 			return (1);
394 		}
395 		if (errno == ERANGE)
396 			if (val == QUAD_MAX) {
397 				warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
398 				return (1);
399 			}
400 			if (val == QUAD_MIN) {
401 				warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
402 				return (1);
403 			}
404 
405 		*lp = val;
406 		++gargv;
407 		return (0);
408 	}
409 	*lp =  (long)asciicode();
410 	return (0);
411 }
412 
413 static double
414 getdouble()
415 {
416 	if (!*gargv)
417 		return ((double)0);
418 	if (strchr(Number, **gargv))
419 		return (atof(*gargv++));
420 	return ((double)asciicode());
421 }
422 
423 static int
424 asciicode()
425 {
426 	register int ch;
427 
428 	ch = **gargv;
429 	if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
430 		ch = (*gargv)[1];
431 	++gargv;
432 	return (ch);
433 }
434 
435 static void
436 usage()
437 {
438 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arg ...]\n");
439 }
440