1.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Keith Muller. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22.\" without specific prior written permission. 23.\" 24.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 35.\" 36.\" @(#)pr.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 37.\" $Id$ 38.\" 39.Dd April 18, 1994 40.Dt PR 1 41.Os BSD 4.4 42.Sh NAME 43.Nm pr 44.Nd print files 45.Sh SYNOPSIS 46.Nm pr 47.Bk -words 48.Op Ar \&+page 49.Ek 50.Bk -words 51.Op Fl Ar column 52.Ek 53.Op Fl adFmrt 54.Bk -words 55.Oo 56.Op Fl e 57.Op Ar char 58.Op Ar gap 59.Oc 60.Ek 61.Bk -words 62.Op Fl h Ar header 63.Ek 64.Bk -words 65.Oo 66.Op Fl i 67.Op Ar char 68.Op Ar gap 69.Oc 70.Ek 71.Bk -words 72.Op Fl l Ar lines 73.Ek 74.Bk -words 75.Op Fl o Ar offset 76.Ek 77.Bk -words 78.Oo 79.Op Fl s 80.Op Ar char 81.Oc 82.Ek 83.Bk -words 84.Oo 85.Op Fl n 86.Op Ar char 87.Op Ar width 88.Oc 89.Ek 90.Bk -words 91.Op Fl w Ar width 92.Ek 93.Op - 94.Op Ar file ... 95.Sh DESCRIPTION 96The 97.Nm pr 98utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files. 99When multiple input files are specified, each is read, formatted, 100and written to standard output. 101By default, the input is separated into 66-line pages, each with 102.sp 103.in +2 104.ti -2 105\(bu A 5-line header with the page number, date, time, and 106the pathname of the file. 107.sp 108.ti -2 109\(bu A 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines. 110.in -2 111.Pp 112If standard output is associated with a terminal, 113diagnostic messages are suppressed until the 114.Nm pr 115utility has completed processing. 116.Pp 117When multiple column output is specified, 118text columns are of equal width. 119By default text columns are separated by at least one 120.Em <blank>. 121Input lines that do not fit into a text column are truncated. 122Lines are not truncated under single column output. 123.Sh OPTIONS 124.Pp 125In the following option descriptions, column, lines, offset, page, and 126width are positive decimal integers and gap is a nonnegative decimal integer. 127.Bl -tag -width 4n 128.It Ar \&+page 129Begin output at page number 130.Ar page 131of the formatted input. 132.It Fl Ar column 133Produce output that is 134.Ar columns 135wide (default is 1) that is written vertically 136down each column in the order in which the text 137is received from the input file. 138The options 139.Fl e 140and 141.Fl i 142are assumed. 143This option should not be used with 144.Fl m . 145When used with 146.Fl t , 147the minimum number of lines is used to display the output. 148.It Fl a 149Modify the effect of the 150.Fl column 151option so that the columns are filled across the page in a round-robin order 152(e.g., when column is 2, the first input line heads column 1531, the second heads column 2, the third is the second line 154in column 1, etc.). 155This option requires the use of the 156.Fl column 157option. 158.It Fl d 159Produce output that is double spaced. An extra 160.Em <newline> 161character is output following every <newline> found in the input. 162.It Fl e Ar \&[char\&]\&[gap\&] 163Expand each input <tab> to the next greater column 164position specified by the formula 165.Ar n*gap+1 , 166where 167.Em n 168is an integer > 0. 169If 170.Ar gap 171is zero or is omitted the default is 8. 172All 173.Em <tab> 174characters in the input are expanded into the appropriate 175number of 176.Em <space>s . 177If any nondigit character, 178.Ar char , 179is specified, it is used as the input tab character. 180.It Fl F 181Use a 182.Em <form-feed> 183character for new pages, 184instead of the default behavior that uses a 185sequence o 186.Em <newline> 187characters. 188.It Fl h Ar header 189.Ar header 190Use the string 191.Ar header 192to replace the 193.Ar file name 194in the header line. 195.It Fl i Ar \&[char\&]\&[gap\&] 196In output, replace multiple <space>s with <tab>s whenever two or more 197adjacent <space>s reach column positions 198.Ar gap+1 , 199.Ar 2*gap+1 , 200etc. 201If 202.Ar gap 203is zero or omitted, default 204.Em <tab> 205settings at every eighth column position 206is used. 207If any nondigit character, 208.Ar char , 209is specified, it is used as the output 210.Em <tab> 211character. 212.It Fl l Ar lines 213Override the 66 line default and reset the page length to 214.Ar lines. 215If 216.Ar lines 217is not greater than the sum of both the header and trailer 218depths (in lines), the 219.Nm pr 220utility suppresses output of both the header and trailer, as if the 221.Fl t 222option were in effect. 223.It Fl m 224Merge the contents of multiple files. 225One line from each file specified by a file operand is 226written side by side into text columns of equal fixed widths, in 227terms of the number of column positions. 228The number of text columns depends on the number of 229file operands successfully opened. 230The maximum number of files merged depends on page width and the 231per process open file limit. 232The options 233.Fl e 234and 235.Fl i 236are assumed. 237.It Fl n Ar \&[char\&]\&[width\&] 238Provide 239.Ar width 240digit line numbering. 241The default for 242.Ar width , 243if not specified, is 5. 244The number occupies the first 245.Ar width 246column positions of each text column or each line of 247.Fl m 248output. 249If 250.Ar char 251(any nondigit character) is given, it is appended to the line number to 252separate it from whatever follows. The default for 253.Ar char 254is a 255.Em <tab> . 256Line numbers longer than 257.Ar width 258columns are truncated. 259.It Fl o Ar offset 260Each line of output is preceded by 261.Ar offset 262.Em <spaces>s . 263If the 264.FL o 265option is not specified, the default is zero. 266The space taken is in addition to the output line width. 267.It Fl r 268Write no diagnostic reports on failure to open a file. 269.It Fl s Ar char 270Separate text columns by the single character 271.Ar char 272instead of by the appropriate number of 273.Em <space>s 274(default for 275.Ar char 276is the 277.Em <tab> 278character). 279.It Fl t 280Print neither the five-line identifying 281header nor the five-line trailer usually supplied for each page. 282Quit printing after the last line of each file without spacing to the 283end of the page. 284.It Fl w Ar width 285Set the width of the line to 286.Ar width 287column positions for multiple text-column output only. 288If the 289.Fl w 290option is not specified and the 291.Fl s 292option is not specified, the default width is 72. 293If the 294.Fl w 295option is not specified and the 296.Fl s 297option is specified, the default width is 512. 298.It Ar file 299A pathname of a file to be printed. 300If no 301.Ar file 302operands are specified, or if a 303.Ar file 304operand is 305.Sq Fl , 306the standard input is used. 307The standard input is used only if no 308.Ar file 309operands are specified, or if a 310.Ar file 311operand is 312.Sq Fl . 313.El 314.Pp 315The 316.Fl s 317option does not allow the option letter to be separated from its 318argument, and the options 319.Fl e , 320.Fl i , 321and 322.Fl n 323require that both arguments, if present, not be separated from the option 324letter. 325.Sh ERRORS 326.Pp 327If 328.Nm pr 329receives an interrupt while printing to a terminal, it 330flushes all accumulated error messages to the screen before 331terminating. 332.Pp 333The 334.Nm pr 335utility exits 0 on success, and 1 if an error occurs. 336.Pp 337Error messages are written to standard error during the printing 338process (if output is redirected) or after all successful 339file printing is complete (when printing to a terminal). 340.Sh SEE ALSO 341.Xr cat 1 , 342.Xr more 1 343.Sh STANDARDS 344The 345.Nm pr 346utility is 347.St -p1003.2 348compatible. 349.Sh HISTORY 350A 351.Nm 352command appeared in 353.At v1 . 354