1.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Keith Muller. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22.\" without specific prior written permission. 23.\" 24.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 35.\" 36.\" @(#)pr.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 37.\" $FreeBSD$ 38.\" 39.Dd September 20, 2001 40.Dt PR 1 41.Os 42.Sh NAME 43.Nm pr 44.Nd print files 45.Sh SYNOPSIS 46.Nm 47.Bk -words 48.Op Ar \&+page 49.Ek 50.Bk -words 51.Op Fl Ar column 52.Ek 53.Op Fl adFmrt 54.Bk -words 55.Oo 56.Op Fl e 57.Op Ar char 58.Op Ar gap 59.Oc 60.Ek 61.Bk -words 62.Op Fl L Ar locale 63.Ek 64.Bk -words 65.Op Fl h Ar header 66.Ek 67.Bk -words 68.Oo 69.Op Fl i 70.Op Ar char 71.Op Ar gap 72.Oc 73.Ek 74.Bk -words 75.Op Fl l Ar lines 76.Ek 77.Bk -words 78.Op Fl o Ar offset 79.Ek 80.Bk -words 81.Oo 82.Op Fl s 83.Op Ar char 84.Oc 85.Ek 86.Bk -words 87.Oo 88.Op Fl n 89.Op Ar char 90.Op Ar width 91.Oc 92.Ek 93.Bk -words 94.Op Fl w Ar width 95.Ek 96.Op - 97.Op Ar 98.Sh DESCRIPTION 99The 100.Nm 101utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files. 102When multiple input files are specified, each is read, formatted, 103and written to standard output. 104By default, the input is separated into 66-line pages, each with 105.Bl -bullet 106.It 107A 5-line header with the page number, date, time, and 108the pathname of the file. 109.It 110A 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines. 111.El 112.Pp 113If standard output is associated with a terminal, 114diagnostic messages are suppressed until the 115.Nm 116utility has completed processing. 117.Pp 118When multiple column output is specified, 119text columns are of equal width. 120By default text columns are separated by at least one 121.Em <blank> . 122Input lines that do not fit into a text column are truncated. 123Lines are not truncated under single column output. 124.Sh OPTIONS 125In the following option descriptions, column, lines, offset, page, and 126width are positive decimal integers and gap is a nonnegative decimal integer. 127.Bl -tag -width 4n 128.It Ar \&+page 129Begin output at page number 130.Ar page 131of the formatted input. 132.It Fl Ar column 133Produce output that is 134.Ar columns 135wide (default is 1) that is written vertically 136down each column in the order in which the text 137is received from the input file. 138The options 139.Fl e 140and 141.Fl i 142are assumed. 143This option should not be used with 144.Fl m . 145When used with 146.Fl t , 147the minimum number of lines is used to display the output. 148(To columnify and reshape text files more generally and without additional 149formatting, see the 150.Xr rs 1 151utility.) 152.It Fl a 153Modify the effect of the 154.Fl column 155option so that the columns are filled across the page in a round-robin order 156(e.g., when column is 2, the first input line heads column 1571, the second heads column 2, the third is the second line 158in column 1, etc.). 159This option requires the use of the 160.Fl column 161option. 162.It Fl d 163Produce output that is double spaced. 164An extra 165.Em <newline> 166character is output following every 167.Em <newline> 168found in the input. 169.It Fl e Xo 170.Op Ar char Ns 171.Op Ar gap 172.Xc 173Expand each input 174.Em <tab> 175to the next greater column 176position specified by the formula 177.Ar n*gap+1 , 178where 179.Em n 180is an integer > 0. 181If 182.Ar gap 183is zero or is omitted the default is 8. 184All 185.Em <tab> 186characters in the input are expanded into the appropriate 187number of 188.Em <space>s . 189If any nondigit character, 190.Ar char , 191is specified, it is used as the input tab character. 192.It Fl F 193Use a 194.Em <form-feed> 195character for new pages, 196instead of the default behavior that uses a 197sequence of 198.Em <newline> 199characters. 200.It Fl h Ar header 201Use the string 202.Ar header 203to replace the 204.Ar file name 205in the header line. 206.It Fl i Xo 207.Op Ar char Ns 208.Op Ar gap 209.Xc 210In output, replace multiple 211.Em <space>s 212with 213.Em <tab>s 214whenever two or more 215adjacent 216.Em <space>s 217reach column positions 218.Ar gap+1 , 219.Ar 2*gap+1 , 220etc. 221If 222.Ar gap 223is zero or omitted, default 224.Em <tab> 225settings at every eighth column position 226is used. 227If any nondigit character, 228.Ar char , 229is specified, it is used as the output 230.Em <tab> 231character. 232.It Fl L Ar locale 233Use 234.Ar locale 235specified as argument instead of one found in environment. 236Use "C" to reset locale to default. 237.It Fl l Ar lines 238Override the 66 line default and reset the page length to 239.Ar lines . 240If 241.Ar lines 242is not greater than the sum of both the header and trailer 243depths (in lines), the 244.Nm 245utility suppresses output of both the header and trailer, as if the 246.Fl t 247option were in effect. 248.It Fl m 249Merge the contents of multiple files. 250One line from each file specified by a file operand is 251written side by side into text columns of equal fixed widths, in 252terms of the number of column positions. 253The number of text columns depends on the number of 254file operands successfully opened. 255The maximum number of files merged depends on page width and the 256per process open file limit. 257The options 258.Fl e 259and 260.Fl i 261are assumed. 262.It Fl n Xo 263.Op Ar char Ns 264.Op Ar width 265.Xc 266Provide 267.Ar width 268digit line numbering. 269The default for 270.Ar width , 271if not specified, is 5. 272The number occupies the first 273.Ar width 274column positions of each text column or each line of 275.Fl m 276output. 277If 278.Ar char 279(any nondigit character) is given, it is appended to the line number to 280separate it from whatever follows. 281The default for 282.Ar char 283is a 284.Em <tab> . 285Line numbers longer than 286.Ar width 287columns are truncated. 288.It Fl o Ar offset 289Each line of output is preceded by 290.Ar offset 291.Em <spaces>s . 292If the 293.Fl o 294option is not specified, the default is zero. 295The space taken is in addition to the output line width. 296.It Fl r 297Write no diagnostic reports on failure to open a file. 298.It Fl s Ar char 299Separate text columns by the single character 300.Ar char 301instead of by the appropriate number of 302.Em <space>s 303(default for 304.Ar char 305is the 306.Em <tab> 307character). 308.It Fl t 309Print neither the five-line identifying 310header nor the five-line trailer usually supplied for each page. 311Quit printing after the last line of each file without spacing to the 312end of the page. 313.It Fl w Ar width 314Set the width of the line to 315.Ar width 316column positions for multiple text-column output only. 317If the 318.Fl w 319option is not specified and the 320.Fl s 321option is not specified, the default width is 72. 322If the 323.Fl w 324option is not specified and the 325.Fl s 326option is specified, the default width is 512. 327.It Ar file 328A pathname of a file to be printed. 329If no 330.Ar file 331operands are specified, or if a 332.Ar file 333operand is 334.Sq Fl , 335the standard input is used. 336The standard input is used only if no 337.Ar file 338operands are specified, or if a 339.Ar file 340operand is 341.Sq Fl . 342.El 343.Pp 344The 345.Fl s 346option does not allow the option letter to be separated from its 347argument, and the options 348.Fl e , 349.Fl i , 350and 351.Fl n 352require that both arguments, if present, not be separated from the option 353letter. 354.Sh ERRORS 355If 356.Nm 357receives an interrupt while printing to a terminal, it 358flushes all accumulated error messages to the screen before 359terminating. 360.Pp 361The 362.Nm 363utility exits 0 on success, and 1 if an error occurs. 364.Pp 365Error messages are written to standard error during the printing 366process (if output is redirected) or after all successful 367file printing is complete (when printing to a terminal). 368.Sh SEE ALSO 369.Xr cat 1 , 370.Xr more 1 , 371.Xr rs 1 372.Sh STANDARDS 373The 374.Nm 375utility is 376.St -p1003.2 377compatible. 378.Sh HISTORY 379A 380.Nm 381command appeared in 382.At v1 . 383