1.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Adam S. Moskowitz and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics 6.\" Engineers, Inc. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)paste.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd June 25, 2004 36.Dt PASTE 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm paste 40.Nd merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl s 44.Op Fl d Ar list 45.Ar 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47The 48.Nm 49utility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files, 50replacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single tab 51character, and writes the resulting lines to standard output. 52If end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files 53still contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source 54of empty lines. 55.Pp 56The options are as follows: 57.Bl -tag -width Fl 58.It Fl d Ar list 59Use one or more of the provided characters to replace the newline 60characters instead of the default tab. 61The characters in 62.Ar list 63are used circularly, i.e., when 64.Ar list 65is exhausted the first character from 66.Ar list 67is reused. 68This continues until a line from the last input file (in default operation) 69or the last line in each file (using the 70.Fl s 71option) is displayed, at which 72time 73.Nm 74begins selecting characters from the beginning of 75.Ar list 76again. 77.Pp 78The following special characters can also be used in list: 79.Pp 80.Bl -tag -width flag -compact 81.It Li \en 82newline character 83.It Li \et 84tab character 85.It Li \e\e 86backslash character 87.It Li \e0 88Empty string (not a null character). 89.El 90.Pp 91Any other character preceded by a backslash is equivalent to the 92character itself. 93.It Fl s 94Concatenate all of the lines of each separate input file in command line 95order. 96The newline character of every line except the last line in each input 97file is replaced with the tab character, unless otherwise specified by 98the 99.Fl d 100option. 101.El 102.Pp 103If 104.Sq Fl 105is specified for one or more of the input files, the standard 106input is used; standard input is read one line at a time, circularly, 107for each instance of 108.Sq Fl . 109.Sh EXIT STATUS 110.Ex -std 111.Sh EXAMPLES 112List the files in the current directory in three columns: 113.Pp 114.Dl "ls | paste - - -" 115.Pp 116Combine pairs of lines from a file into single lines: 117.Pp 118.Dl "paste -s -d '\et\en' myfile" 119.Pp 120Number the lines in a file, similar to 121.Xr nl 1 : 122.Pp 123.Dl "sed = myfile | paste - -" 124.Pp 125Create a colon-separated list of directories named 126.Pa bin , 127suitable 128for use in the 129.Ev PATH 130environment variable: 131.Pp 132.Dl "find / -name bin -type d | paste -s -d : -" 133.Sh SEE ALSO 134.Xr cut 1 , 135.Xr lam 1 136.Sh STANDARDS 137The 138.Nm 139utility is expected to be 140.St -p1003.2 141compatible. 142.Sh HISTORY 143A 144.Nm 145command appeared in 146.At 32v . 147