1.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Adam S. Moskowitz and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics 6.\" Engineers, Inc. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22.\" without specific prior written permission. 23.\" 24.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 35.\" 36.\" @(#)paste.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 37.\" $FreeBSD$ 38.\" 39.Dd June 25, 2004 40.Dt PASTE 1 41.Os 42.Sh NAME 43.Nm paste 44.Nd merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files 45.Sh SYNOPSIS 46.Nm 47.Op Fl s 48.Op Fl d Ar list 49.Ar 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51The 52.Nm 53utility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files, 54replacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single tab 55character, and writes the resulting lines to standard output. 56If end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files 57still contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source 58of empty lines. 59.Pp 60The options are as follows: 61.Bl -tag -width Fl 62.It Fl d Ar list 63Use one or more of the provided characters to replace the newline 64characters instead of the default tab. 65The characters in 66.Ar list 67are used circularly, i.e., when 68.Ar list 69is exhausted the first character from 70.Ar list 71is reused. 72This continues until a line from the last input file (in default operation) 73or the last line in each file (using the 74.Fl s 75option) is displayed, at which 76time 77.Nm 78begins selecting characters from the beginning of 79.Ar list 80again. 81.Pp 82The following special characters can also be used in list: 83.Pp 84.Bl -tag -width flag -compact 85.It Li \en 86newline character 87.It Li \et 88tab character 89.It Li \e\e 90backslash character 91.It Li \e0 92Empty string (not a null character). 93.El 94.Pp 95Any other character preceded by a backslash is equivalent to the 96character itself. 97.It Fl s 98Concatenate all of the lines of each separate input file in command line 99order. 100The newline character of every line except the last line in each input 101file is replaced with the tab character, unless otherwise specified by 102the 103.Fl d 104option. 105.El 106.Pp 107If 108.Sq Fl 109is specified for one or more of the input files, the standard 110input is used; standard input is read one line at a time, circularly, 111for each instance of 112.Sq Fl . 113.Sh EXIT STATUS 114.Ex -std 115.Sh EXAMPLES 116List the files in the current directory in three columns: 117.Pp 118.Dl "ls | paste - - -" 119.Pp 120Combine pairs of lines from a file into single lines: 121.Pp 122.Dl "paste -s -d '\et\en' myfile" 123.Pp 124Number the lines in a file, similar to 125.Xr nl 1 : 126.Pp 127.Dl "sed = myfile | paste -s -d '\et\en' - -" 128.Pp 129Create a colon-separated list of directories named 130.Pa bin , 131suitable 132for use in the 133.Ev PATH 134environment variable: 135.Pp 136.Dl "find / -name bin -type d | paste -s -d : -" 137.Sh SEE ALSO 138.Xr cut 1 , 139.Xr lam 1 140.Sh STANDARDS 141The 142.Nm 143utility is expected to be 144.St -p1003.2 145compatible. 146.Sh HISTORY 147A 148.Nm 149command appeared in 150.At 32v . 151