19b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 29b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 39b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 49b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 59b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" Adam S. Moskowitz and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics 69b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" Engineers, Inc. 79b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 89b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 99b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 109b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" are met: 119b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 129b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 139b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 149b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 159b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 169b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 179b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 189b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 199b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 209b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 219b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 229b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" without specific prior written permission. 239b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 249b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 259b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 269b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 279b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 289b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 299b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 309b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 319b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 329b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 339b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 349b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 359b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 369b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" @(#)paste.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 37c3aac50fSPeter Wemm.\" $FreeBSD$ 389b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.\" 39748dcfb0SGarrett Wollman.Dd September 20, 2001 409b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Dt PASTE 1 419b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Os 429b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Sh NAME 439b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Nm paste 449b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Nd merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files 459b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Sh SYNOPSIS 461e133604SPhilippe Charnier.Nm 479b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Op Fl s 489b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Op Fl d Ar list 4947dec781SRuslan Ermilov.Ar 509b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Sh DESCRIPTION 519b50d902SRodney W. GrimesThe 521e133604SPhilippe Charnier.Nm 539b50d902SRodney W. Grimesutility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files, 549b50d902SRodney W. Grimesreplacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single tab 559b50d902SRodney W. Grimescharacter, and writes the resulting lines to standard output. 569b50d902SRodney W. GrimesIf end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files 579b50d902SRodney W. Grimesstill contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source 589b50d902SRodney W. Grimesof empty lines. 599b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Pp 609b50d902SRodney W. GrimesThe options are as follows: 619b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Bl -tag -width Fl 629b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.It Fl d Ar list 639b50d902SRodney W. GrimesUse one or more of the provided characters to replace the newline 649b50d902SRodney W. Grimescharacters instead of the default tab. 659b50d902SRodney W. GrimesThe characters in 669b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Ar list 679b50d902SRodney W. Grimesare used circularly, i.e., when 689b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Ar list 699b50d902SRodney W. Grimesis exhausted the first character from 709b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Ar list 719b50d902SRodney W. Grimesis reused. 729b50d902SRodney W. GrimesThis continues until a line from the last input file (in default operation) 734ed31d66SPhilippe Charnieror the last line in each file (using the 744ed31d66SPhilippe Charnier.Fl s 754ed31d66SPhilippe Charnieroption) is displayed, at which 769b50d902SRodney W. Grimestime 771e133604SPhilippe Charnier.Nm 789b50d902SRodney W. Grimesbegins selecting characters from the beginning of 799b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Ar list 809b50d902SRodney W. Grimesagain. 819b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Pp 829b50d902SRodney W. GrimesThe following special characters can also be used in list: 839b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Pp 849b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Bl -tag -width flag -compact 859b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.It Li \en 869b50d902SRodney W. Grimesnewline character 879b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.It Li \et 889b50d902SRodney W. Grimestab character 899b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.It Li \e\e 909b50d902SRodney W. Grimesbackslash character 919b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.It Li \e0 929b50d902SRodney W. GrimesEmpty string (not a null character). 939b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.El 949b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Pp 959b50d902SRodney W. GrimesAny other character preceded by a backslash is equivalent to the 969b50d902SRodney W. Grimescharacter itself. 979b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.It Fl s 989b50d902SRodney W. GrimesConcatenate all of the lines of each separate input file in command line 999b50d902SRodney W. Grimesorder. 1009b50d902SRodney W. GrimesThe newline character of every line except the last line in each input 1019b50d902SRodney W. Grimesfile is replaced with the tab character, unless otherwise specified by 1024ed31d66SPhilippe Charnierthe 1034ed31d66SPhilippe Charnier.Fl d 1044ed31d66SPhilippe Charnieroption. 1059b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.El 1069b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Pp 1079b50d902SRodney W. GrimesIf 1089b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Ql Fl 1099b50d902SRodney W. Grimesis specified for one or more of the input files, the standard 1109b50d902SRodney W. Grimesinput is used; standard input is read one line at a time, circularly, 1119b50d902SRodney W. Grimesfor each instance of 1129b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Ql Fl . 11376d70052STim J. Robbins.Sh EXAMPLES 11476d70052STim J. RobbinsList the files in the current directory in three columns: 11576d70052STim J. Robbins.Pp 11676d70052STim J. Robbins.Dl "ls | paste - - -" 11776d70052STim J. Robbins.Pp 11876d70052STim J. RobbinsCombine pairs of lines from a file into single lines: 11976d70052STim J. Robbins.Pp 12076d70052STim J. Robbins.Dl "paste -s -d '\et\en' myfile" 12176d70052STim J. Robbins.Pp 12276d70052STim J. RobbinsNumber the lines in a file, similar to 12376d70052STim J. Robbins.Xr nl 1 : 12476d70052STim J. Robbins.Pp 12576d70052STim J. Robbins.Dl "sed = myfile | paste -s -d '\et\en' - -" 1264ed31d66SPhilippe Charnier.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 127d628d776SRuslan Ermilov.Ex -std 1289b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Sh SEE ALSO 129748dcfb0SGarrett Wollman.Xr cut 1 , 130748dcfb0SGarrett Wollman.Xr lam 1 1319b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.Sh STANDARDS 1329b50d902SRodney W. GrimesThe 1331e133604SPhilippe Charnier.Nm 1349b50d902SRodney W. Grimesutility is expected to be 1359b50d902SRodney W. Grimes.St -p1003.2 1369b50d902SRodney W. Grimescompatible. 13776d70052STim J. Robbins.Sh BUGS 13876d70052STim J. RobbinsMultibyte character delimiters cannot be specified with the 13976d70052STim J. Robbins.Fl d 14076d70052STim J. Robbinsoption. 141