xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/netstat/route.c (revision 71fe318b852b8dfb3e799cb12ef184750f7f8eac)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 #if 0
36 static char sccsid[] = "From: @(#)route.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 4/28/95";
37 #endif
38 static const char rcsid[] =
39   "$FreeBSD$";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/protosw.h>
44 #include <sys/socket.h>
45 #include <sys/time.h>
46 
47 #include <net/ethernet.h>
48 #include <net/if.h>
49 #include <net/if_var.h>
50 #include <net/if_dl.h>
51 #include <net/if_types.h>
52 #include <net/route.h>
53 
54 #include <netinet/in.h>
55 #include <netipx/ipx.h>
56 #include <netatalk/at.h>
57 #include <netgraph/ng_socket.h>
58 
59 #ifdef NS
60 #include <netns/ns.h>
61 #endif
62 
63 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
64 
65 #include <arpa/inet.h>
66 #include <libutil.h>
67 #include <netdb.h>
68 #include <stdio.h>
69 #include <stdlib.h>
70 #include <string.h>
71 #include <unistd.h>
72 #include <err.h>
73 #include <time.h>
74 #include "netstat.h"
75 
76 #define kget(p, d) (kread((u_long)(p), (char *)&(d), sizeof (d)))
77 
78 
79 /* alignment constraint for routing socket */
80 #define ROUNDUP(a) \
81        ((a) > 0 ? (1 + (((a) - 1) | (sizeof(long) - 1))) : sizeof(long))
82 #define ADVANCE(x, n) (x += ROUNDUP((n)->sa_len))
83 
84 /*
85  * Definitions for showing gateway flags.
86  */
87 struct bits {
88 	u_long	b_mask;
89 	char	b_val;
90 } bits[] = {
91 	{ RTF_UP,	'U' },
92 	{ RTF_GATEWAY,	'G' },
93 	{ RTF_HOST,	'H' },
94 	{ RTF_REJECT,	'R' },
95 	{ RTF_DYNAMIC,	'D' },
96 	{ RTF_MODIFIED,	'M' },
97 	{ RTF_DONE,	'd' }, /* Completed -- for routing messages only */
98 	{ RTF_CLONING,	'C' },
99 	{ RTF_XRESOLVE,	'X' },
100 	{ RTF_LLINFO,	'L' },
101 	{ RTF_STATIC,	'S' },
102 	{ RTF_PROTO1,	'1' },
103 	{ RTF_PROTO2,	'2' },
104 	{ RTF_WASCLONED,'W' },
105 	{ RTF_PRCLONING,'c' },
106 	{ RTF_PROTO3,	'3' },
107 	{ RTF_BLACKHOLE,'B' },
108 	{ RTF_BROADCAST,'b' },
109 	{ 0 , 0 }
110 };
111 
112 typedef union {
113 	long	dummy;		/* Helps align structure. */
114 	struct	sockaddr u_sa;
115 	u_short	u_data[128];
116 } sa_u;
117 
118 static sa_u pt_u;
119 
120 int	do_rtent = 0;
121 struct	rtentry rtentry;
122 struct	radix_node rnode;
123 struct	radix_mask rmask;
124 struct	radix_node_head *rt_tables[AF_MAX+1];
125 
126 int	NewTree = 0;
127 
128 static struct sockaddr *kgetsa (struct sockaddr *);
129 static void size_cols (int ef, struct radix_node *rn);
130 static void size_cols_tree (struct radix_node *rn);
131 static void size_cols_rtentry (struct rtentry *rt);
132 static void p_tree (struct radix_node *);
133 static void p_rtnode (void);
134 static void ntreestuff (void);
135 static void np_rtentry (struct rt_msghdr *);
136 static void p_sockaddr (struct sockaddr *, struct sockaddr *, int, int);
137 static const char *fmt_sockaddr (struct sockaddr *sa, struct sockaddr *mask,
138 				 int flags);
139 static void p_flags (int, const char *);
140 static const char *fmt_flags(int f);
141 static void p_rtentry (struct rtentry *);
142 static u_long forgemask (u_long);
143 static void domask (char *, u_long, u_long);
144 
145 /*
146  * Print routing tables.
147  */
148 void
149 routepr(u_long rtree)
150 {
151 	struct radix_node_head *rnh, head;
152 	int i;
153 
154 	printf("Routing tables\n");
155 
156 	if (Aflag == 0 && NewTree)
157 		ntreestuff();
158 	else {
159 		if (rtree == 0) {
160 			printf("rt_tables: symbol not in namelist\n");
161 			return;
162 		}
163 
164 		kget(rtree, rt_tables);
165 		for (i = 0; i <= AF_MAX; i++) {
166 			if ((rnh = rt_tables[i]) == 0)
167 				continue;
168 			kget(rnh, head);
169 			if (i == AF_UNSPEC) {
170 				if (Aflag && af == 0) {
171 					printf("Netmasks:\n");
172 					p_tree(head.rnh_treetop);
173 				}
174 			} else if (af == AF_UNSPEC || af == i) {
175 				size_cols(i, head.rnh_treetop);
176 				pr_family(i);
177 				do_rtent = 1;
178 				pr_rthdr(i);
179 				p_tree(head.rnh_treetop);
180 			}
181 		}
182 	}
183 }
184 
185 /*
186  * Print address family header before a section of the routing table.
187  */
188 void
189 pr_family(int af1)
190 {
191 	const char *afname;
192 
193 	switch (af1) {
194 	case AF_INET:
195 		afname = "Internet";
196 		break;
197 #ifdef INET6
198 	case AF_INET6:
199 		afname = "Internet6";
200 		break;
201 #endif /*INET6*/
202 	case AF_IPX:
203 		afname = "IPX";
204 		break;
205 #ifdef NS
206 	case AF_NS:
207 		afname = "XNS";
208 		break;
209 #endif
210 	case AF_ISO:
211 		afname = "ISO";
212 		break;
213 	case AF_APPLETALK:
214 		afname = "AppleTalk";
215 		break;
216 	case AF_CCITT:
217 		afname = "X.25";
218 		break;
219 	case AF_NETGRAPH:
220 		afname = "Netgraph";
221 		break;
222 	default:
223 		afname = NULL;
224 		break;
225 	}
226 	if (afname)
227 		printf("\n%s:\n", afname);
228 	else
229 		printf("\nProtocol Family %d:\n", af1);
230 }
231 
232 /* column widths; each followed by one space */
233 #ifndef INET6
234 #define	WID_DST_DEFAULT(af) 	18	/* width of destination column */
235 #define	WID_GW_DEFAULT(af)	18	/* width of gateway column */
236 #define	WID_IF_DEFAULT(af)	6	/* width of netif column */
237 #else
238 #define	WID_DST_DEFAULT(af) \
239 	((af) == AF_INET6 ? (numeric_addr ? 33: 18) : 18)
240 #define	WID_GW_DEFAULT(af) \
241 	((af) == AF_INET6 ? (numeric_addr ? 29 : 18) : 18)
242 #define	WID_IF_DEFAULT(af)	((af) == AF_INET6 ? 8 : 6)
243 #endif /*INET6*/
244 
245 static int wid_dst;
246 static int wid_gw;
247 static int wid_flags;
248 static int wid_refs;
249 static int wid_use;
250 static int wid_mtu;
251 static int wid_if;
252 static int wid_expire;
253 
254 static void
255 size_cols(int ef, struct radix_node *rn)
256 {
257 	wid_dst = WID_DST_DEFAULT(ef);
258 	wid_gw = WID_GW_DEFAULT(ef);
259 	wid_flags = 6;
260 	wid_refs = 6;
261 	wid_use = 8;
262 	wid_mtu = 6;
263 	wid_if = WID_IF_DEFAULT(ef);
264 	wid_expire = 6;
265 
266 	if (Wflag)
267 		size_cols_tree(rn);
268 }
269 
270 static void
271 size_cols_tree(struct radix_node *rn)
272 {
273 again:
274 	kget(rn, rnode);
275 	if (rnode.rn_bit < 0) {
276 		if ((rnode.rn_flags & RNF_ROOT) == 0) {
277 			kget(rn, rtentry);
278 			size_cols_rtentry(&rtentry);
279 		}
280 		if ((rn = rnode.rn_dupedkey))
281 			goto again;
282 	} else {
283 		rn = rnode.rn_right;
284 		size_cols_tree(rnode.rn_left);
285 		size_cols_tree(rn);
286 	}
287 }
288 
289 static void
290 size_cols_rtentry(struct rtentry *rt)
291 {
292 	static struct ifnet ifnet, *lastif;
293 	struct rtentry parent;
294 	static char buffer[100];
295 	const char *bp;
296 	struct sockaddr *sa;
297 	sa_u addr, mask;
298 	int len;
299 
300 	/*
301 	 * Don't print protocol-cloned routes unless -a.
302 	 */
303 	if (rt->rt_flags & RTF_WASCLONED && !aflag) {
304 		kget(rt->rt_parent, parent);
305 		if (parent.rt_flags & RTF_PRCLONING)
306 			return;
307 	}
308 
309 	bzero(&addr, sizeof(addr));
310 	if ((sa = kgetsa(rt_key(rt))))
311 		bcopy(sa, &addr, sa->sa_len);
312 	bzero(&mask, sizeof(mask));
313 	if (rt_mask(rt) && (sa = kgetsa(rt_mask(rt))))
314 		bcopy(sa, &mask, sa->sa_len);
315 	bp = fmt_sockaddr(&addr.u_sa, &mask.u_sa, rt->rt_flags);
316 	len = strlen(bp);
317 	wid_dst = MAX(len, wid_dst);
318 
319 	bp = fmt_sockaddr(kgetsa(rt->rt_gateway), NULL, RTF_HOST);
320 	len = strlen(bp);
321 	wid_gw = MAX(len, wid_gw);
322 
323 	bp = fmt_flags(rt->rt_flags);
324 	len = strlen(bp);
325 	wid_flags = MAX(len, wid_flags);
326 
327 	if (addr.u_sa.sa_family == AF_INET || Wflag) {
328 		len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%ld", rt->rt_refcnt);
329 		wid_refs = MAX(len, wid_refs);
330 		len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%lu", rt->rt_use);
331 		wid_use = MAX(len, wid_use);
332 		if (Wflag && rt->rt_rmx.rmx_mtu != 0) {
333 			len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
334 				       "%lu", rt->rt_rmx.rmx_mtu);
335 			wid_mtu = MAX(len, wid_mtu);
336 		}
337 	}
338 	if (rt->rt_ifp) {
339 		if (rt->rt_ifp != lastif) {
340 			len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d",
341 				       ifnet.if_unit);
342 			kget(rt->rt_ifp, ifnet);
343 			kread((u_long)ifnet.if_name, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
344 			lastif = rt->rt_ifp;
345 			len += strlen(buffer);
346 			wid_if = MAX(len, wid_if);
347 		}
348 		if (rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire) {
349 			time_t expire_time;
350 
351 			if ((expire_time =
352 			    rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire - time(NULL)) > 0) {
353 				len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d",
354 					       (int)expire_time);
355 				wid_expire = MAX(len, wid_expire);
356 			}
357 		}
358 	}
359 }
360 
361 
362 /*
363  * Print header for routing table columns.
364  */
365 void
366 pr_rthdr(int af1)
367 {
368 
369 	if (Aflag)
370 		printf("%-8.8s ","Address");
371 	if (af1 == AF_INET || Wflag) {
372 		if (Wflag) {
373 			printf("%-*.*s %-*.*s %-*.*s %*.*s %*.*s %*.*s %*.*s %*s\n",
374 				wid_dst,	wid_dst,	"Destination",
375 				wid_gw,		wid_gw,		"Gateway",
376 				wid_flags,	wid_flags,	"Flags",
377 				wid_refs,	wid_refs,	"Refs",
378 				wid_use,	wid_use,	"Use",
379 				wid_mtu,	wid_mtu,	"Mtu",
380 				wid_if,		wid_if,		"Netif",
381 				wid_expire,			"Expire");
382 		} else {
383 			printf("%-*.*s %-*.*s %-*.*s %*.*s %*.*s %*.*s %*s\n",
384 				wid_dst,	wid_dst,	"Destination",
385 				wid_gw,		wid_gw,		"Gateway",
386 				wid_flags,	wid_flags,	"Flags",
387 				wid_refs,	wid_refs,	"Refs",
388 				wid_use,	wid_use,	"Use",
389 				wid_if,		wid_if,		"Netif",
390 				wid_expire,			"Expire");
391 		}
392 	} else {
393 		printf("%-*.*s %-*.*s %-*.*s  %*.*s %*s\n",
394 			wid_dst,	wid_dst,	"Destination",
395 			wid_gw,		wid_gw,		"Gateway",
396 			wid_flags,	wid_flags,	"Flags",
397 			wid_if,		wid_if,		"Netif",
398 			wid_expire,			"Expire");
399 	}
400 }
401 
402 static struct sockaddr *
403 kgetsa(struct sockaddr *dst)
404 {
405 
406 	kget(dst, pt_u.u_sa);
407 	if (pt_u.u_sa.sa_len > sizeof (pt_u.u_sa))
408 		kread((u_long)dst, (char *)pt_u.u_data, pt_u.u_sa.sa_len);
409 	return (&pt_u.u_sa);
410 }
411 
412 static void
413 p_tree(struct radix_node *rn)
414 {
415 
416 again:
417 	kget(rn, rnode);
418 	if (rnode.rn_bit < 0) {
419 		if (Aflag)
420 			printf("%-8.8lx ", (u_long)rn);
421 		if (rnode.rn_flags & RNF_ROOT) {
422 			if (Aflag)
423 				printf("(root node)%s",
424 				    rnode.rn_dupedkey ? " =>\n" : "\n");
425 		} else if (do_rtent) {
426 			kget(rn, rtentry);
427 			p_rtentry(&rtentry);
428 			if (Aflag)
429 				p_rtnode();
430 		} else {
431 			p_sockaddr(kgetsa((struct sockaddr *)rnode.rn_key),
432 				   NULL, 0, 44);
433 			putchar('\n');
434 		}
435 		if ((rn = rnode.rn_dupedkey))
436 			goto again;
437 	} else {
438 		if (Aflag && do_rtent) {
439 			printf("%-8.8lx ", (u_long)rn);
440 			p_rtnode();
441 		}
442 		rn = rnode.rn_right;
443 		p_tree(rnode.rn_left);
444 		p_tree(rn);
445 	}
446 }
447 
448 char	nbuf[20];
449 
450 static void
451 p_rtnode(void)
452 {
453 	struct radix_mask *rm = rnode.rn_mklist;
454 
455 	if (rnode.rn_bit < 0) {
456 		if (rnode.rn_mask) {
457 			printf("\t  mask ");
458 			p_sockaddr(kgetsa((struct sockaddr *)rnode.rn_mask),
459 				   NULL, 0, -1);
460 		} else if (rm == 0)
461 			return;
462 	} else {
463 		sprintf(nbuf, "(%d)", rnode.rn_bit);
464 		printf("%6.6s %8.8lx : %8.8lx", nbuf, (u_long)rnode.rn_left, (u_long)rnode.rn_right);
465 	}
466 	while (rm) {
467 		kget(rm, rmask);
468 		sprintf(nbuf, " %d refs, ", rmask.rm_refs);
469 		printf(" mk = %8.8lx {(%d),%s",
470 			(u_long)rm, -1 - rmask.rm_bit, rmask.rm_refs ? nbuf : " ");
471 		if (rmask.rm_flags & RNF_NORMAL) {
472 			struct radix_node rnode_aux;
473 			printf(" <normal>, ");
474 			kget(rmask.rm_leaf, rnode_aux);
475 			p_sockaddr(kgetsa((struct sockaddr *)rnode_aux.rn_mask),
476 				    NULL, 0, -1);
477 		} else
478 		    p_sockaddr(kgetsa((struct sockaddr *)rmask.rm_mask),
479 				NULL, 0, -1);
480 		putchar('}');
481 		if ((rm = rmask.rm_mklist))
482 			printf(" ->");
483 	}
484 	putchar('\n');
485 }
486 
487 static void
488 ntreestuff(void)
489 {
490 	size_t needed;
491 	int mib[6];
492 	char *buf, *next, *lim;
493 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
494 
495 	mib[0] = CTL_NET;
496 	mib[1] = PF_ROUTE;
497 	mib[2] = 0;
498 	mib[3] = 0;
499 	mib[4] = NET_RT_DUMP;
500 	mib[5] = 0;
501 	if (sysctl(mib, 6, NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) {
502 		err(1, "sysctl: net.route.0.0.dump estimate");
503 	}
504 
505 	if ((buf = malloc(needed)) == 0) {
506 		err(2, "malloc(%lu)", (unsigned long)needed);
507 	}
508 	if (sysctl(mib, 6, buf, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) {
509 		err(1, "sysctl: net.route.0.0.dump");
510 	}
511 	lim  = buf + needed;
512 	for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) {
513 		rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)next;
514 		np_rtentry(rtm);
515 	}
516 }
517 
518 static void
519 np_rtentry(struct rt_msghdr *rtm)
520 {
521 	struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)(rtm + 1);
522 #ifdef notdef
523 	static int masks_done, banner_printed;
524 #endif
525 	static int old_af;
526 	int af1 = 0, interesting = RTF_UP | RTF_GATEWAY | RTF_HOST;
527 
528 #ifdef notdef
529 	/* for the moment, netmasks are skipped over */
530 	if (!banner_printed) {
531 		printf("Netmasks:\n");
532 		banner_printed = 1;
533 	}
534 	if (masks_done == 0) {
535 		if (rtm->rtm_addrs != RTA_DST ) {
536 			masks_done = 1;
537 			af1 = sa->sa_family;
538 		}
539 	} else
540 #endif
541 		af1 = sa->sa_family;
542 	if (af1 != old_af) {
543 		pr_family(af1);
544 		old_af = af1;
545 	}
546 	if (rtm->rtm_addrs == RTA_DST)
547 		p_sockaddr(sa, NULL, 0, 36);
548 	else {
549 		p_sockaddr(sa, NULL, rtm->rtm_flags, 16);
550 		sa = (struct sockaddr *)(ROUNDUP(sa->sa_len) + (char *)sa);
551 		p_sockaddr(sa, NULL, 0, 18);
552 	}
553 	p_flags(rtm->rtm_flags & interesting, "%-6.6s ");
554 	putchar('\n');
555 }
556 
557 static void
558 p_sockaddr(struct sockaddr *sa, struct sockaddr *mask, int flags, int width)
559 {
560 	const char *cp;
561 
562 	cp = fmt_sockaddr(sa, mask, flags);
563 
564 	if (width < 0 )
565 		printf("%s ", cp);
566 	else {
567 		if (numeric_addr)
568 			printf("%-*s ", width, cp);
569 		else
570 			printf("%-*.*s ", width, width, cp);
571 	}
572 }
573 
574 static const char *
575 fmt_sockaddr(struct sockaddr *sa, struct sockaddr *mask, int flags)
576 {
577 	static char workbuf[128];
578 	const char *cp;
579 
580 	switch(sa->sa_family) {
581 	case AF_INET:
582 	    {
583 		struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
584 
585 		if ((sin->sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_ANY) &&
586 			mask &&
587 			ntohl(((struct sockaddr_in *)mask)->sin_addr.s_addr)
588 				==0L)
589 				cp = "default" ;
590 		else if (flags & RTF_HOST)
591 			cp = routename(sin->sin_addr.s_addr);
592 		else if (mask)
593 			cp = netname(sin->sin_addr.s_addr,
594 				     ntohl(((struct sockaddr_in *)mask)
595 					   ->sin_addr.s_addr));
596 		else
597 			cp = netname(sin->sin_addr.s_addr, 0L);
598 		break;
599 	    }
600 
601 #ifdef INET6
602 	case AF_INET6:
603 	    {
604 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
605 		struct in6_addr *in6 = &sa6->sin6_addr;
606 
607 		/*
608 		 * XXX: This is a special workaround for KAME kernels.
609 		 * sin6_scope_id field of SA should be set in the future.
610 		 */
611 		if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(in6) ||
612 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_LINKLOCAL(in6)) {
613 		    /* XXX: override is ok? */
614 		    sa6->sin6_scope_id = (u_int32_t)ntohs(*(u_short *)&in6->s6_addr[2]);
615 		    *(u_short *)&in6->s6_addr[2] = 0;
616 		}
617 
618 		if (flags & RTF_HOST)
619 		    cp = routename6(sa6);
620 		else if (mask)
621 		    cp = netname6(sa6,
622 				  &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)mask)->sin6_addr);
623 		else {
624 		    cp = netname6(sa6, NULL);
625 		}
626 		break;
627 	    }
628 #endif /*INET6*/
629 
630 	case AF_IPX:
631 	    {
632 		struct ipx_addr work = ((struct sockaddr_ipx *)sa)->sipx_addr;
633 		if (ipx_nullnet(satoipx_addr(work)))
634 			cp = "default";
635 		else
636 			cp = ipx_print(sa);
637 		break;
638 	    }
639 	case AF_APPLETALK:
640 	    {
641 		if (!(flags & RTF_HOST) && mask)
642 			cp = atalk_print2(sa,mask,9);
643 		else
644 			cp = atalk_print(sa,11);
645 		break;
646 	    }
647 	case AF_NETGRAPH:
648 	    {
649 		printf("%s", ((struct sockaddr_ng *)sa)->sg_data);
650 		break;
651 	    }
652 #ifdef NS
653 	case AF_NS:
654 		cp = ns_print(sa);
655 		break;
656 #endif
657 
658 	case AF_LINK:
659 	    {
660 		struct sockaddr_dl *sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)sa;
661 
662 		if (sdl->sdl_nlen == 0 && sdl->sdl_alen == 0 &&
663 		    sdl->sdl_slen == 0) {
664 			(void) sprintf(workbuf, "link#%d", sdl->sdl_index);
665 			cp = workbuf;
666 		} else
667 			switch (sdl->sdl_type) {
668 
669 			case IFT_ETHER:
670 				if (sdl->sdl_alen == ETHER_ADDR_LEN) {
671 					cp = ether_ntoa((struct ether_addr *)
672 					    (sdl->sdl_data + sdl->sdl_nlen));
673 					break;
674 				}
675 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
676 			default:
677 				cp = link_ntoa(sdl);
678 				break;
679 			}
680 		break;
681 	    }
682 
683 	default:
684 	    {
685 		u_char *s = (u_char *)sa->sa_data, *slim;
686 		char *cq, *cqlim;
687 
688 		cq = workbuf;
689 		slim =  sa->sa_len + (u_char *) sa;
690 		cqlim = cq + sizeof(workbuf) - 6;
691 		cq += sprintf(cq, "(%d)", sa->sa_family);
692 		while (s < slim && cq < cqlim) {
693 			cq += sprintf(cq, " %02x", *s++);
694 			if (s < slim)
695 			    cq += sprintf(cq, "%02x", *s++);
696 		}
697 		cp = workbuf;
698 	    }
699 	}
700 
701 	return (cp);
702 }
703 
704 static void
705 p_flags(int f, const char *format)
706 {
707 	printf(format, fmt_flags(f));
708 }
709 
710 static const char *
711 fmt_flags(int f)
712 {
713 	static char name[33];
714 	char *flags;
715 	struct bits *p = bits;
716 
717 	for (flags = name; p->b_mask; p++)
718 		if (p->b_mask & f)
719 			*flags++ = p->b_val;
720 	*flags = '\0';
721 	return (name);
722 }
723 
724 static void
725 p_rtentry(struct rtentry *rt)
726 {
727 	static struct ifnet ifnet, *lastif;
728 	struct rtentry parent;
729 	static char buffer[128];
730 	static char prettyname[128];
731 	struct sockaddr *sa;
732 	sa_u addr, mask;
733 
734 	/*
735 	 * Don't print protocol-cloned routes unless -a.
736 	 */
737 	if (rt->rt_flags & RTF_WASCLONED && !aflag) {
738 		kget(rt->rt_parent, parent);
739 		if (parent.rt_flags & RTF_PRCLONING)
740 			return;
741 	}
742 
743 	bzero(&addr, sizeof(addr));
744 	if ((sa = kgetsa(rt_key(rt))))
745 		bcopy(sa, &addr, sa->sa_len);
746 	bzero(&mask, sizeof(mask));
747 	if (rt_mask(rt) && (sa = kgetsa(rt_mask(rt))))
748 		bcopy(sa, &mask, sa->sa_len);
749 	p_sockaddr(&addr.u_sa, &mask.u_sa, rt->rt_flags, wid_dst);
750 	p_sockaddr(kgetsa(rt->rt_gateway), NULL, RTF_HOST, wid_gw);
751 	snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%%-%d.%ds ", wid_flags, wid_flags);
752 	p_flags(rt->rt_flags, buffer);
753 	if (addr.u_sa.sa_family == AF_INET || Wflag) {
754 		printf("%*ld %*lu ", wid_refs, rt->rt_refcnt,
755 				     wid_use, rt->rt_use);
756 		if (Wflag) {
757 			if (rt->rt_rmx.rmx_mtu != 0)
758 				printf("%*lu ", wid_mtu, rt->rt_rmx.rmx_mtu);
759 			else
760 				printf("%*s ", wid_mtu, "");
761 		}
762 	}
763 	if (rt->rt_ifp) {
764 		if (rt->rt_ifp != lastif) {
765 			kget(rt->rt_ifp, ifnet);
766 			kread((u_long)ifnet.if_name, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
767 			lastif = rt->rt_ifp;
768 			snprintf(prettyname, sizeof(prettyname),
769 				 "%s%d", buffer, ifnet.if_unit);
770 		}
771 		printf("%*.*s", wid_if, wid_if, prettyname);
772 		if (rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire) {
773 			time_t expire_time;
774 
775 			if ((expire_time =
776 			    rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire - time((time_t *)0)) > 0)
777 				printf(" %*d", wid_expire, (int)expire_time);
778 		}
779 		if (rt->rt_nodes[0].rn_dupedkey)
780 			printf(" =>");
781 	}
782 	putchar('\n');
783 }
784 
785 char *
786 routename(u_long in)
787 {
788 	char *cp;
789 	static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
790 	struct hostent *hp;
791 
792 	cp = 0;
793 	if (!numeric_addr) {
794 		hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in, sizeof (struct in_addr),
795 			AF_INET);
796 		if (hp) {
797 			cp = hp->h_name;
798 			trimdomain(cp, strlen(cp));
799 		}
800 	}
801 	if (cp) {
802 		strncpy(line, cp, sizeof(line) - 1);
803 		line[sizeof(line) - 1] = '\0';
804 	} else {
805 #define C(x)	((x) & 0xff)
806 		in = ntohl(in);
807 		sprintf(line, "%lu.%lu.%lu.%lu",
808 		    C(in >> 24), C(in >> 16), C(in >> 8), C(in));
809 	}
810 	return (line);
811 }
812 
813 static u_long
814 forgemask(u_long a)
815 {
816 	u_long m;
817 
818 	if (IN_CLASSA(a))
819 		m = IN_CLASSA_NET;
820 	else if (IN_CLASSB(a))
821 		m = IN_CLASSB_NET;
822 	else
823 		m = IN_CLASSC_NET;
824 	return (m);
825 }
826 
827 static void
828 domask(char *dst, u_long addr, u_long mask)
829 {
830 	int b, i;
831 
832 	if (!mask || (forgemask(addr) == mask)) {
833 		*dst = '\0';
834 		return;
835 	}
836 	i = 0;
837 	for (b = 0; b < 32; b++)
838 		if (mask & (1 << b)) {
839 			int bb;
840 
841 			i = b;
842 			for (bb = b+1; bb < 32; bb++)
843 				if (!(mask & (1 << bb))) {
844 					i = -1;	/* noncontig */
845 					break;
846 				}
847 			break;
848 		}
849 	if (i == -1)
850 		sprintf(dst, "&0x%lx", mask);
851 	else
852 		sprintf(dst, "/%d", 32-i);
853 }
854 
855 /*
856  * Return the name of the network whose address is given.
857  * The address is assumed to be that of a net or subnet, not a host.
858  */
859 char *
860 netname(u_long in, u_long mask)
861 {
862 	char *cp = 0;
863 	static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
864 	struct netent *np = 0;
865 	u_long dmask;
866 	u_long i;
867 
868 #define	NSHIFT(m) (							\
869 	(m) == IN_CLASSA_NET ? IN_CLASSA_NSHIFT :			\
870 	(m) == IN_CLASSB_NET ? IN_CLASSB_NSHIFT :			\
871 	(m) == IN_CLASSC_NET ? IN_CLASSC_NSHIFT :			\
872 	0)
873 
874 	i = ntohl(in);
875 	dmask = forgemask(i);
876 	if (!numeric_addr && i) {
877 		np = getnetbyaddr(i >> NSHIFT(mask), AF_INET);
878 		if (np == NULL && mask == 0)
879 			np = getnetbyaddr(i >> NSHIFT(dmask), AF_INET);
880 		if (np != NULL) {
881 			cp = np->n_name;
882 			trimdomain(cp, strlen(cp));
883 		}
884 	}
885 #undef NSHIFT
886 	if (cp != NULL) {
887 		strncpy(line, cp, sizeof(line) - 1);
888 		line[sizeof(line) - 1] = '\0';
889 	} else {
890 		switch (dmask) {
891 		case IN_CLASSA_NET:
892 			if ((i & IN_CLASSA_HOST) == 0) {
893 				sprintf(line, "%lu", C(i >> 24));
894 				break;
895 			}
896 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
897 		case IN_CLASSB_NET:
898 			if ((i & IN_CLASSB_HOST) == 0) {
899 				sprintf(line, "%lu.%lu",
900 					C(i >> 24), C(i >> 16));
901 				break;
902 			}
903 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
904 		case IN_CLASSC_NET:
905 			if ((i & IN_CLASSC_HOST) == 0) {
906 				sprintf(line, "%lu.%lu.%lu",
907 					C(i >> 24), C(i >> 16), C(i >> 8));
908 				break;
909 			}
910 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
911 		default:
912 			sprintf(line, "%lu.%lu.%lu.%lu",
913 				C(i >> 24), C(i >> 16), C(i >> 8), C(i));
914 			break;
915 		}
916 	}
917 	domask(line + strlen(line), i, mask);
918 	return (line);
919 }
920 
921 #ifdef INET6
922 const char *
923 netname6(struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6, struct in6_addr *mask)
924 {
925 	static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
926 	u_char *p = (u_char *)mask;
927 	u_char *lim;
928 	int masklen, illegal = 0, flag = NI_WITHSCOPEID;
929 
930 	if (mask) {
931 		for (masklen = 0, lim = p + 16; p < lim; p++) {
932 			switch (*p) {
933 			 case 0xff:
934 				 masklen += 8;
935 				 break;
936 			 case 0xfe:
937 				 masklen += 7;
938 				 break;
939 			 case 0xfc:
940 				 masklen += 6;
941 				 break;
942 			 case 0xf8:
943 				 masklen += 5;
944 				 break;
945 			 case 0xf0:
946 				 masklen += 4;
947 				 break;
948 			 case 0xe0:
949 				 masklen += 3;
950 				 break;
951 			 case 0xc0:
952 				 masklen += 2;
953 				 break;
954 			 case 0x80:
955 				 masklen += 1;
956 				 break;
957 			 case 0x00:
958 				 break;
959 			 default:
960 				 illegal ++;
961 				 break;
962 			}
963 		}
964 		if (illegal)
965 			fprintf(stderr, "illegal prefixlen\n");
966 	}
967 	else
968 		masklen = 128;
969 
970 	if (masklen == 0 && IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&sa6->sin6_addr))
971 		return("default");
972 
973 	if (numeric_addr)
974 		flag |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
975 	getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)sa6, sa6->sin6_len, line, sizeof(line),
976 		    NULL, 0, flag);
977 
978 	if (numeric_addr)
979 		sprintf(&line[strlen(line)], "/%d", masklen);
980 
981 	return line;
982 }
983 
984 char *
985 routename6(struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6)
986 {
987 	static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
988 	int flag = NI_WITHSCOPEID;
989 	/* use local variable for safety */
990 	struct sockaddr_in6 sa6_local = {AF_INET6, sizeof(sa6_local),};
991 
992 	sa6_local.sin6_addr = sa6->sin6_addr;
993 	sa6_local.sin6_scope_id = sa6->sin6_scope_id;
994 
995 	if (numeric_addr)
996 		flag |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
997 
998 	getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&sa6_local, sa6_local.sin6_len,
999 		    line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0, flag);
1000 
1001 	return line;
1002 }
1003 #endif /*INET6*/
1004 
1005 /*
1006  * Print routing statistics
1007  */
1008 void
1009 rt_stats(u_long rtsaddr, u_long rttaddr)
1010 {
1011 	struct rtstat rtstat;
1012 	int rttrash;
1013 
1014 	if (rtsaddr == 0) {
1015 		printf("rtstat: symbol not in namelist\n");
1016 		return;
1017 	}
1018 	if (rttaddr == 0) {
1019 		printf("rttrash: symbol not in namelist\n");
1020 		return;
1021 	}
1022 	kread(rtsaddr, (char *)&rtstat, sizeof (rtstat));
1023 	kread(rttaddr, (char *)&rttrash, sizeof (rttrash));
1024 	printf("routing:\n");
1025 
1026 #define	p(f, m) if (rtstat.f || sflag <= 1) \
1027 	printf(m, rtstat.f, plural(rtstat.f))
1028 
1029 	p(rts_badredirect, "\t%u bad routing redirect%s\n");
1030 	p(rts_dynamic, "\t%u dynamically created route%s\n");
1031 	p(rts_newgateway, "\t%u new gateway%s due to redirects\n");
1032 	p(rts_unreach, "\t%u destination%s found unreachable\n");
1033 	p(rts_wildcard, "\t%u use%s of a wildcard route\n");
1034 #undef p
1035 
1036 	if (rttrash || sflag <= 1)
1037 		printf("\t%u route%s not in table but not freed\n",
1038 		    rttrash, plural(rttrash));
1039 }
1040 
1041 char *
1042 ipx_print(struct sockaddr *sa)
1043 {
1044 	u_short port;
1045 	struct servent *sp = 0;
1046 	const char *net = "", *host = "";
1047 	char *p;
1048 	u_char *q;
1049 	struct ipx_addr work = ((struct sockaddr_ipx *)sa)->sipx_addr;
1050 	static char mybuf[50];
1051 	char cport[10], chost[15], cnet[15];
1052 
1053 	port = ntohs(work.x_port);
1054 
1055 	if (ipx_nullnet(work) && ipx_nullhost(work)) {
1056 
1057 		if (port) {
1058 			if (sp)
1059 				sprintf(mybuf, "*.%s", sp->s_name);
1060 			else
1061 				sprintf(mybuf, "*.%x", port);
1062 		} else
1063 			sprintf(mybuf, "*.*");
1064 
1065 		return (mybuf);
1066 	}
1067 
1068 	if (ipx_wildnet(work))
1069 		net = "any";
1070 	else if (ipx_nullnet(work))
1071 		net = "*";
1072 	else {
1073 		q = work.x_net.c_net;
1074 		sprintf(cnet, "%02x%02x%02x%02x",
1075 			q[0], q[1], q[2], q[3]);
1076 		for (p = cnet; *p == '0' && p < cnet + 8; p++)
1077 			continue;
1078 		net = p;
1079 	}
1080 
1081 	if (ipx_wildhost(work))
1082 		host = "any";
1083 	else if (ipx_nullhost(work))
1084 		host = "*";
1085 	else {
1086 		q = work.x_host.c_host;
1087 		sprintf(chost, "%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
1088 			q[0], q[1], q[2], q[3], q[4], q[5]);
1089 		for (p = chost; *p == '0' && p < chost + 12; p++)
1090 			continue;
1091 		host = p;
1092 	}
1093 
1094 	if (port) {
1095 		if (strcmp(host, "*") == 0)
1096 			host = "";
1097 		if (sp)
1098 			snprintf(cport, sizeof(cport),
1099 				"%s%s", *host ? "." : "", sp->s_name);
1100 		else
1101 			snprintf(cport, sizeof(cport),
1102 				"%s%x", *host ? "." : "", port);
1103 	} else
1104 		*cport = 0;
1105 
1106 	snprintf(mybuf, sizeof(mybuf), "%s.%s%s", net, host, cport);
1107 	return(mybuf);
1108 }
1109 
1110 char *
1111 ipx_phost(struct sockaddr *sa)
1112 {
1113 	struct sockaddr_ipx *sipx = (struct sockaddr_ipx *)sa;
1114 	struct sockaddr_ipx work;
1115 	static union ipx_net ipx_zeronet;
1116 	char *p;
1117 	struct ipx_addr in;
1118 
1119 	work = *sipx;
1120 	in = work.sipx_addr;
1121 
1122 	work.sipx_addr.x_port = 0;
1123 	work.sipx_addr.x_net = ipx_zeronet;
1124 	p = ipx_print((struct sockaddr *)&work);
1125 	if (strncmp("*.", p, 2) == 0) p += 2;
1126 
1127 	return(p);
1128 }
1129 
1130 #ifdef NS
1131 short ns_nullh[] = {0,0,0};
1132 short ns_bh[] = {-1,-1,-1};
1133 
1134 char *
1135 ns_print(struct sockaddr *sa)
1136 {
1137 	struct sockaddr_ns *sns = (struct sockaddr_ns*)sa;
1138 	struct ns_addr work;
1139 	union { union ns_net net_e; u_long long_e; } net;
1140 	u_short port;
1141 	static char mybuf[50], cport[10], chost[25];
1142 	char *host = "";
1143 	char *p; u_char *q;
1144 
1145 	work = sns->sns_addr;
1146 	port = ntohs(work.x_port);
1147 	work.x_port = 0;
1148 	net.net_e  = work.x_net;
1149 	if (ns_nullhost(work) && net.long_e == 0) {
1150 		if (port ) {
1151 			sprintf(mybuf, "*.%xH", port);
1152 			upHex(mybuf);
1153 		} else
1154 			sprintf(mybuf, "*.*");
1155 		return (mybuf);
1156 	}
1157 
1158 	if (bcmp(ns_bh, work.x_host.c_host, 6) == 0) {
1159 		host = "any";
1160 	} else if (bcmp(ns_nullh, work.x_host.c_host, 6) == 0) {
1161 		host = "*";
1162 	} else {
1163 		q = work.x_host.c_host;
1164 		sprintf(chost, "%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02xH",
1165 			q[0], q[1], q[2], q[3], q[4], q[5]);
1166 		for (p = chost; *p == '0' && p < chost + 12; p++)
1167 			continue;
1168 		host = p;
1169 	}
1170 	if (port)
1171 		sprintf(cport, ".%xH", htons(port));
1172 	else
1173 		*cport = 0;
1174 
1175 	sprintf(mybuf,"%xH.%s%s", ntohl(net.long_e), host, cport);
1176 	upHex(mybuf);
1177 	return(mybuf);
1178 }
1179 
1180 char *
1181 ns_phost(struct sockaddr *sa)
1182 {
1183 	struct sockaddr_ns *sns = (struct sockaddr_ns *)sa;
1184 	struct sockaddr_ns work;
1185 	static union ns_net ns_zeronet;
1186 	char *p;
1187 
1188 	work = *sns;
1189 	work.sns_addr.x_port = 0;
1190 	work.sns_addr.x_net = ns_zeronet;
1191 
1192 	p = ns_print((struct sockaddr *)&work);
1193 	if (strncmp("0H.", p, 3) == 0)
1194 		p += 3;
1195 	return(p);
1196 }
1197 #endif
1198 
1199 void
1200 upHex(char *p0)
1201 {
1202 	char *p = p0;
1203 
1204 	for (; *p; p++)
1205 		switch (*p) {
1206 
1207 		case 'a':
1208 		case 'b':
1209 		case 'c':
1210 		case 'd':
1211 		case 'e':
1212 		case 'f':
1213 			*p += ('A' - 'a');
1214 			break;
1215 		}
1216 }
1217