xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/netstat/netstat.1 (revision ec0e626bafb335b30c499d06066997f54b10c092)
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28.\"	@(#)netstat.1	8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
29.\" $FreeBSD$
30.\"
31.Dd February 21, 2015
32.Dt NETSTAT 1
33.Os
34.Sh NAME
35.Nm netstat
36.Nd show network status and statistics
37.Sh SYNOPSIS
38.Bk -words
39.Bl -tag -width "netstat"
40.It Nm
41.Op Fl -libxo
42.Op Fl 46AaLnRSTWx
43.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
44.Op Fl M Ar core
45.Op Fl N Ar system
46.It Nm Fl i | I Ar interface
47.Op Fl -libxo
48.Op Fl 46abdhnW
49.Op Fl f Ar address_family
50.Op Fl M Ar core
51.Op Fl N Ar system
52.It Nm Fl w Ar wait
53.Op Fl -libxo
54.Op Fl I Ar interface
55.Op Fl 46d
56.Op Fl M Ar core
57.Op Fl N Ar system
58.Op Fl q Ar howmany
59.It Nm Fl s
60.Op Fl -libxo
61.Op Fl 46sz
62.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
63.Op Fl M Ar core
64.Op Fl N Ar system
65.It Nm Fl i | I Ar interface Fl s
66.Op Fl -libxo
67.Op Fl 46s
68.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
69.Op Fl M Ar core
70.Op Fl N Ar system
71.It Nm Fl m
72.Op Fl -libxo
73.Op Fl M Ar core
74.Op Fl N Ar system
75.It Nm Fl B
76.Op Fl -libxo
77.Op Fl z
78.Op Fl I Ar interface
79.It Nm Fl r
80.Op Fl -libxo
81.Op Fl 46AnW
82.Op Fl F Ar fibnum
83.Op Fl f Ar address_family
84.Op Fl M Ar core
85.Op Fl N Ar system
86.It Nm Fl rs
87.Op Fl -libxo
88.Op Fl s
89.Op Fl M Ar core
90.Op Fl N Ar system
91.It Nm Fl g
92.Op Fl -libxo
93.Op Fl 46W
94.Op Fl f Ar address_family
95.Op Fl M Ar core
96.Op Fl N Ar system
97.It Nm Fl gs
98.Op Fl -libxo
99.Op Fl 46s
100.Op Fl f Ar address_family
101.Op Fl M Ar core
102.Op Fl N Ar system
103.It Nm Fl Q
104.Op Fl -libxo
105.El
106.Ek
107.Sh DESCRIPTION
108The
109.Nm
110command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
111data structures.
112There are a number of output formats,
113depending on the options for the information presented.
114.Bl -tag -width indent
115.It Xo
116.Bk -words
117.Nm
118.Op Fl 46AaLnRSTWx
119.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
120.Op Fl M Ar core
121.Op Fl N Ar system
122.Ek
123.Xc
124Display a list of active sockets
125(protocol control blocks)
126for each network protocol.
127.Pp
128The default display for active sockets shows the local
129and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol,
130and the internal state of the protocol.
131Address formats are of the form
132.Dq host.port
133or
134.Dq network.port
135if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
136When known, the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
137according to the databases
138.Xr hosts 5
139and
140.Xr networks 5 ,
141respectively.
142If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
143the
144.Fl n
145option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
146to the address family.
147For more information regarding
148the Internet IPv4
149.Dq dot format ,
150refer to
151.Xr inet 3 .
152Unspecified,
153or
154.Dq wildcard ,
155addresses and ports appear as
156.Dq Li * .
157.Bl -tag -width indent
158.It Fl 4
159Show IPv4 only.
160See
161.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
162.It Fl 6
163Show IPv6 only.
164See
165.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
166.It Fl A
167Show the address of a protocol control block (PCB)
168associated with a socket; used for debugging.
169.It Fl a
170Show the state of all sockets;
171normally sockets used by server processes are not shown.
172.It Fl L
173Show the size of the various listen queues.
174The first count shows the number of unaccepted connections,
175the second count shows the amount of unaccepted incomplete connections,
176and the third count is the maximum number of queued connections.
177.It Fl n
178Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names.
179See
180.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
181.It Fl R
182Display the flowid and flowtype for each socket.
183flowid is a 32 bit hardware specific identifier for each flow.
184flowtype defines which protocol fields are hashed to produce the id.
185A complete listing is available in
186.Pa sys/mbuf.h
187under
188.Dv M_HASHTYPE_* .
189.It Fl S
190Show network addresses as numbers (as with
191.Fl n )
192but show ports symbolically.
193.It Fl T
194Display diagnostic information from the TCP control block.
195Fields include the number of packets requiring retransmission,
196received out-of-order, and those advertising a zero-sized window.
197.It Fl W
198Avoid truncating addresses even if this causes some fields to overflow.
199.It Fl x
200Display socket buffer and TCP timer statistics for each
201internet socket.
202.Pp
203The
204.Fl x
205flag causes
206.Nm
207to output all the information recorded about data
208stored in the socket buffers.
209The fields are:
210.Bl -column ".Li R-MBUF"
211.It Li R-MBUF Ta Number of mbufs in the receive queue.
212.It Li S-MBUF Ta Number of mbufs in the send queue.
213.It Li R-CLUS Ta Number of clusters, of any type, in the receive
214queue.
215.It Li S-CLUS Ta Number of clusters, of any type, in the send queue.
216.It Li R-HIWA Ta Receive buffer high water mark, in bytes.
217.It Li S-HIWA Ta Send buffer high water mark, in bytes.
218.It Li R-LOWA Ta Receive buffer low water mark, in bytes.
219.It Li S-LOWA Ta Send buffer low water mark, in bytes.
220.It Li R-BCNT Ta Receive buffer byte count.
221.It Li S-BCNT Ta Send buffer byte count.
222.It Li R-BMAX Ta Maximum bytes that can be used in the receive buffer.
223.It Li S-BMAX Ta Maximum bytes that can be used in the send buffer.
224.El
225.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
226Filter by
227.Ar protocol_family .
228See
229.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
230.It Fl p Ar protocol
231Filter by
232.Ar protocol .
233See
234.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
235.It Fl M
236Use an alternative core.
237See
238.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
239.It Fl N
240Use an alternative kernel image.
241See
242.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
243.El
244.It Xo
245.Bk -words
246.Nm
247.Fl i | I Ar interface
248.Op Fl 46abdhnW
249.Op Fl f Ar address_family
250.Op Fl M Ar core
251.Op Fl N Ar system
252.Ek
253.Xc
254Show the state of all network interfaces or a single
255.Ar interface
256which have been auto-configured
257(interfaces statically configured into a system, but not
258located at boot time are not shown).
259An asterisk
260.Pq Dq Li *
261after an interface name indicates that the interface is
262.Dq down .
263.Pp
264When
265.Nm
266is invoked with
267.Fl i
268.Pq all interfaces
269or
270.Fl I Ar interface ,
271it provides a table of cumulative
272statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
273The network addresses of the interface
274and the maximum transmission unit
275.Pq Dq mtu
276are also displayed.
277.Bl -tag -width indent
278.It Fl 4
279Show IPv4 only.
280See
281.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
282.It Fl 6
283Show IPv6 only.
284See
285.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
286.It Fl a
287Multicast addresses currently in use are shown
288for each Ethernet interface and for each IP interface address.
289Multicast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface
290address with which they are associated.
291.It Fl b
292Show the number of bytes in and out.
293.It Fl d
294Show the number of dropped packets.
295.It Fl h
296Print all counters in human readable form.
297.It Fl n
298Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names.
299See
300.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
301.It Fl W
302Avoid truncating interface names even if this causes some fields to overflow.
303.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
304.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
305Filter by
306.Ar protocol_family .
307See
308.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
309.El
310.It Xo
311.Bk -words
312.Nm
313.Fl w Ar wait
314.Op Fl I Ar interface
315.Op Fl 46d
316.Op Fl M Ar core
317.Op Fl N Ar system
318.Op Fl q Ar howmany
319.Ek
320.Xc
321At intervals of
322.Ar wait
323seconds, display the information regarding packet traffic on all
324configured network interfaces or a single
325.Ar interface .
326.Pp
327When
328.Nm
329is invoked with the
330.Fl w
331option and a
332.Ar wait
333interval argument, it displays a running count of statistics related to
334network interfaces.
335An obsolescent version of this option used a numeric parameter
336with no option, and is currently supported for backward compatibility.
337By default, this display summarizes information for all interfaces.
338Information for a specific interface may be displayed with the
339.Fl I Ar interface
340option.
341.Bl -tag -width indent
342.It Fl I Ar interface
343Only show information regarding
344.Ar interface
345.It Fl 4
346Show IPv4 only.
347See
348.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
349.It Fl 6
350Show IPv6 only.
351See
352.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
353.It Fl d
354Show the number of dropped packets.
355.It Fl M
356Use an alternative core.
357See
358.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
359.It Fl N
360Use an alternative kernel image.
361See
362.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
363.It Fl q
364Exit after
365.Ar howmany
366outputs.
367.El
368.It Xo
369.Bk -words
370.Nm
371.Fl s
372.Op Fl 46sz
373.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
374.Op Fl M Ar core
375.Op Fl N Ar system
376.Ek
377.Xc
378Display system-wide statistics for each network protocol.
379.Bl -tag -width indent
380.It Fl 4
381Show IPv4 only.
382See
383.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
384.It Fl 6
385Show IPv6 only.
386See
387.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
388.It Fl s
389If
390.Fl s
391is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
392.It Fl z
393Reset statistic counters after displaying them.
394.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
395Filter by
396.Ar protocol_family .
397See
398.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
399.It Fl p Ar protocol
400Filter by
401.Ar protocol .
402See
403.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
404.It Fl M
405Use an alternative core.
406See
407.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
408.It Fl N
409Use an alternative kernel image
410See
411.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
412.El
413.It Xo
414.Bk -words
415.Nm
416.Fl i | I Ar interface Fl s
417.Op Fl 46s
418.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
419.Op Fl M Ar core
420.Op Fl N Ar system
421.Ek
422.Xc
423Display per-interface statistics for each network protocol.
424.Bl -tag -width indent
425.It Fl 4
426Show IPv4 only
427See
428.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
429.It Fl 6
430Show IPv6 only
431See
432.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
433.It Fl s
434If
435.Fl s
436is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
437.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
438Filter by
439.Ar protocol_family .
440See
441.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
442.It Fl p Ar protocol
443Filter by
444.Ar protocol .
445See
446.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
447.It Fl M
448Use an alternative core
449See
450.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
451.It Fl N
452Use an alternative kernel image
453See
454.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
455.El
456.It Xo
457.Bk -words
458.Nm
459.Fl m
460.Op Fl M Ar core
461.Op Fl N Ar system
462.Ek
463.Xc
464Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
465.Pq Xr mbuf 9 .
466The network manages a private pool of memory buffers.
467.Bl -tag -width indent
468.It Fl M
469Use an alternative core
470See
471.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
472.It Fl N
473Use an alternative kernel image
474See
475.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
476.El
477.It Xo
478.Bk -words
479.Nm
480.Fl B
481.Op Fl z
482.Op Fl I Ar interface
483.Ek
484.Xc
485Show statistics about
486.Xr bpf 4
487peers.
488This includes information like
489how many packets have been matched, dropped and received by the
490bpf device, also information about current buffer sizes and device
491states.
492.Pp
493The
494.Xr bpf 4
495flags displayed when
496.Nm
497is invoked with the
498.Fl B
499option represent the underlying parameters of the bpf peer.
500Each flag is
501represented as a single lower case letter.
502The mapping between the letters and flags in order of appearance are:
503.Bl -column ".Li i"
504.It Li p Ta Set if listening promiscuously
505.It Li i Ta Dv BIOCIMMEDIATE No has been set on the device
506.It Li f Ta Dv BIOCGHDRCMPLT No status: source link addresses are being
507filled automatically
508.It Li s Ta Dv BIOCGSEESENT No status: see packets originating locally and
509remotely on the interface.
510.It Li a Ta Packet reception generates a signal
511.It Li l Ta Dv BIOCLOCK No status: descriptor has been locked
512.El
513.Pp
514For more information about these flags, please refer to
515.Xr bpf 4 .
516.Bl -tag -width indent
517.It Fl z
518Reset statistic counters after displaying them.
519.El
520.It Xo
521.Bk -words
522.Nm
523.Fl r
524.Op Fl 46AnW
525.Op Fl F Ar fibnum
526.Op Fl f Ar address_family
527.Op Fl M Ar core
528.Op Fl N Ar system
529.Ek
530.Xc
531Display the contents of routing tables.
532.Pp
533When
534.Nm
535is invoked with the routing table option
536.Fl r ,
537it lists the available routes and their status.
538Each route consists of a destination host or network, and a gateway to use
539in forwarding packets.
540The flags field shows a collection of information about the route stored
541as binary choices.
542The individual flags are discussed in more detail in the
543.Xr route 8
544and
545.Xr route 4
546manual pages.
547The mapping between letters and flags is:
548.Bl -column ".Li W" ".Dv RTF_WASCLONED"
549.It Li 1 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO1 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #1"
550.It Li 2 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO2 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #2"
551.It Li 3 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO3 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #3"
552.It Li B Ta Dv RTF_BLACKHOLE Ta "Just discard pkts (during updates)"
553.It Li b Ta Dv RTF_BROADCAST Ta "The route represents a broadcast address"
554.It Li D Ta Dv RTF_DYNAMIC Ta "Created dynamically (by redirect)"
555.It Li G Ta Dv RTF_GATEWAY Ta "Destination requires forwarding by intermediary"
556.It Li H Ta Dv RTF_HOST Ta "Host entry (net otherwise)"
557.It Li L Ta Dv RTF_LLINFO Ta "Valid protocol to link address translation"
558.It Li M Ta Dv RTF_MODIFIED Ta "Modified dynamically (by redirect)"
559.It Li R Ta Dv RTF_REJECT Ta "Host or net unreachable"
560.It Li S Ta Dv RTF_STATIC Ta "Manually added"
561.It Li U Ta Dv RTF_UP Ta "Route usable"
562.It Li X Ta Dv RTF_XRESOLVE Ta "External daemon translates proto to link address"
563.El
564.Pp
565Direct routes are created for each
566interface attached to the local host;
567the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
568The refcnt field gives the
569current number of active uses of the route.
570Connection oriented
571protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of
572a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending
573to the same destination.
574The use field provides a count of the number of packets
575sent using that route.
576The interface entry indicates the network interface utilized for the route.
577.Bl -tag -width indent
578.It Fl 4
579Show IPv4 only.
580See
581.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
582.It Fl 6
583Show IPv6 only.
584See
585.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
586.It Fl A
587Show the contents of the internal Patricia tree
588structures; used for debugging.
589.It Fl n
590Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names.
591See
592.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
593.It Fl W
594Show the path MTU for each route, and print interface names with a
595wider field size.
596.It Fl F
597Display the routing table with the number
598.Ar fibnum .
599If the specified
600.Ar fibnum
601is -1 or
602.Fl F
603is not specified,
604the default routing table is displayed.
605.It Fl f
606Display the routing table for a particular
607.Ar address_family .
608.It Fl M
609Use an alternative core
610See
611.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
612.It Fl N
613Use an alternative kernel image
614See
615.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
616.El
617.It Xo
618.Bk -words
619.Nm
620.Fl rs
621.Op Fl s
622.Op Fl M Ar core
623.Op Fl N Ar system
624.Ek
625.Xc
626Display routing statistics.
627.Bl -tag -width indent
628.It Fl s
629If
630.Fl s
631is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
632.It Fl M
633Use an alternative core
634See
635.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
636.It Fl N
637Use an alternative kernel image
638See
639.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
640.El
641.It Xo
642.Bk -words
643.Nm
644.Fl g
645.Op Fl 46W
646.Op Fl f Ar address_family
647.Op Fl M Ar core
648.Op Fl N Ar system
649.Ek
650.Xc
651Display the contents of the multicast virtual interface tables,
652and multicast forwarding caches.
653Entries in these tables will appear only when the kernel is
654actively forwarding multicast sessions.
655This option is applicable only to the
656.Cm inet
657and
658.Cm inet6
659address families.
660.Bl -tag -width indent
661.It Fl 4
662Show IPv4 only
663See
664.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
665.It Fl 6
666Show IPv6 only
667See
668.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
669.It Fl W
670Avoid truncating addresses even if this causes some fields to overflow.
671.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
672Filter by
673.Ar protocol_family .
674See
675.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
676.It Fl M
677Use an alternative core
678See
679.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
680.It Fl N
681Use an alternative kernel image
682See
683.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
684.El
685.It Xo
686.Bk -words
687.Nm
688.Fl gs
689.Op Fl 46s
690.Op Fl f Ar address_family
691.Op Fl M Ar core
692.Op Fl N Ar system
693.Ek
694.Xc
695Show multicast routing statistics.
696.Bl -tag -width indent
697.It Fl 4
698Show IPv4 only
699See
700.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
701.It Fl 6
702Show IPv6 only
703See
704.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
705.It Fl s
706If
707.Fl s
708is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
709.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
710Filter by
711.Ar protocol_family .
712See
713.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
714.It Fl M
715Use an alternative core
716See
717.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
718.It Fl N
719Use an alternative kernel image
720See
721.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
722.El
723.It Xo
724.Bk -words
725.Nm
726.Fl Q
727.Ek
728.Xc
729Show
730.Xr netisr 9
731statistics.
732The flags field shows available ISR handlers:
733.Bl -column ".Li W" ".Dv NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_DRAINEDCPU"
734.It Li C Ta Dv NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_M2CPUID Ta "Able to map mbuf to cpu id"
735.It Li D Ta Dv NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_DRAINEDCPU  Ta "Has queue drain handler"
736.It Li F Ta Dv NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_M2FLOW Ta "Able to map mbuf to flow id"
737.El
738.El
739.Pp
740.Ss GENERAL OPTIONS
741Some options have the general meaning:
742.Bl -tag -width flag
743.It Fl 4
744Is shorthand for
745.Fl f
746.Ar inet
747.Pq Show only IPv4
748.It Fl 6
749Is shorthand for
750.Fl f
751.Ar inet6
752.Pq Show only IPv6
753.It Fl f Ar address_family , Fl p Ar protocol
754Limit display to those records
755of the specified
756.Ar address_family
757or a single
758.Ar protocol .
759The following address families and protocols are recognized:
760.Pp
761.Bl -tag -width ".Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH" -compact
762.It Em Family
763.Em Protocols
764.It Cm inet Pq Dv AF_INET
765.Cm divert , icmp , igmp , ip , ipsec , pim, sctp , tcp , udp
766.It Cm inet6 Pq Dv AF_INET6
767.Cm icmp6 , ip6 , ipsec6 , rip6 , tcp , udp
768.It Cm pfkey Pq Dv PF_KEY
769.Cm pfkey
770.It Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH
771.Cm ctrl , data
772.It Cm unix Pq Dv AF_UNIX
773.It Cm link Pq Dv AF_LINK
774.El
775.Pp
776The program will complain if
777.Ar protocol
778is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
779.It Fl M
780Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
781instead of the default
782.Pa /dev/kmem .
783.It Fl N
784Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
785which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
786.It Fl n
787Show network addresses and ports as numbers.
788Normally
789.Nm
790attempts to resolve addresses and ports,
791and display them symbolically.
792.El
793.Sh SEE ALSO
794.Xr fstat 1 ,
795.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
796.Xr procstat 1 ,
797.Xr ps 1 ,
798.Xr sockstat 1 ,
799.Xr libxo 3 ,
800.Xr xo_parse_args 3 ,
801.Xr bpf 4 ,
802.Xr inet 4 ,
803.Xr route 4 ,
804.Xr unix 4 ,
805.Xr hosts 5 ,
806.Xr networks 5 ,
807.Xr protocols 5 ,
808.Xr services 5 ,
809.Xr iostat 8 ,
810.Xr route 8 ,
811.Xr trpt 8 ,
812.Xr vmstat 8 ,
813.Xr mbuf 9
814.Sh HISTORY
815The
816.Nm
817command appeared in
818.Bx 4.2 .
819.Pp
820IPv6 support was added by WIDE/KAME project.
821.Sh BUGS
822The notion of errors is ill-defined.
823