xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/netstat/netstat.1 (revision 64de80195bba295c961a4cdf96dbe0e4979bdf2a)
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28.\"	@(#)netstat.1	8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
29.\" $FreeBSD$
30.\"
31.Dd June 4, 2014
32.Dt NETSTAT 1
33.Os
34.Sh NAME
35.Nm netstat
36.Nd show network status and statistics
37.Sh SYNOPSIS
38.Bk -words
39.Bl -tag -width "netstat"
40.It Nm
41.Op Fl 46AaLnRSTWx
42.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
43.Op Fl M Ar core
44.Op Fl N Ar system
45.It Nm Fl i | I Ar interface
46.Op Fl 46abdhnW
47.Op Fl f Ar address_family
48.Op Fl M Ar core
49.Op Fl N Ar system
50.It Nm Fl w Ar wait
51.Op Fl I Ar interface
52.Op Fl 46d
53.Op Fl M Ar core
54.Op Fl N Ar system
55.Op Fl q Ar howmany
56.It Nm Fl s
57.Op Fl 46sz
58.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
59.Op Fl M Ar core
60.Op Fl N Ar system
61.It Nm Fl i | I Ar interface Fl s
62.Op Fl 46s
63.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
64.Op Fl M Ar core
65.Op Fl N Ar system
66.It Nm Fl m
67.Op Fl M Ar core
68.Op Fl N Ar system
69.It Nm Fl B
70.Op Fl z
71.Op Fl I Ar interface
72.It Nm Fl r
73.Op Fl 46AnW
74.Op Fl F Ar fibnum
75.Op Fl f Ar address_family
76.Op Fl M Ar core
77.Op Fl N Ar system
78.It Nm Fl rs
79.Op Fl s
80.Op Fl M Ar core
81.Op Fl N Ar system
82.It Nm Fl g
83.Op Fl 46W
84.Op Fl f Ar address_family
85.Op Fl M Ar core
86.Op Fl N Ar system
87.It Nm Fl gs
88.Op Fl 46s
89.Op Fl f Ar address_family
90.Op Fl M Ar core
91.Op Fl N Ar system
92.It Nm Fl Q
93.El
94.Ek
95.Sh DESCRIPTION
96The
97.Nm
98command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
99data structures.
100There are a number of output formats,
101depending on the options for the information presented.
102.Bl -tag -width indent
103.It Xo
104.Bk -words
105.Nm
106.Op Fl 46AaLnRSTWx
107.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
108.Op Fl M Ar core
109.Op Fl N Ar system
110.Ek
111.Xc
112Display a list of active sockets
113(protocol control blocks)
114for each network protocol.
115.Pp
116The default display for active sockets shows the local
117and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol,
118and the internal state of the protocol.
119Address formats are of the form
120.Dq host.port
121or
122.Dq network.port
123if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
124When known, the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
125according to the databases
126.Xr hosts 5
127and
128.Xr networks 5 ,
129respectively.
130If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
131the
132.Fl n
133option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
134to the address family.
135For more information regarding
136the Internet IPv4
137.Dq dot format ,
138refer to
139.Xr inet 3 .
140Unspecified,
141or
142.Dq wildcard ,
143addresses and ports appear as
144.Dq Li * .
145.Bl -tag -width indent
146.It Fl 4
147Show IPv4 only.
148See
149.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
150.It Fl 6
151Show IPv6 only.
152See
153.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
154.It Fl A
155Show the address of a protocol control block (PCB)
156associated with a socket; used for debugging.
157.It Fl a
158Show the state of all sockets;
159normally sockets used by server processes are not shown.
160.It Fl L
161Show the size of the various listen queues.
162The first count shows the number of unaccepted connections,
163the second count shows the amount of unaccepted incomplete connections,
164and the third count is the maximum number of queued connections.
165.It Fl n
166Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names.
167See
168.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
169.It Fl R
170Display the flowid and flowtype for each socket.
171flowid is a 32 bit hardware specific identifier for each flow.
172flowtype defines which protocol fields are hashed to produce the id.
173A complete listing is available in
174.Pa sys/mbuf.h
175under
176.Dv M_HASHTYPE_* .
177.It Fl S
178Show network addresses as numbers (as with
179.Fl n )
180but show ports symbolically.
181.It Fl T
182Display diagnostic information from the TCP control block.
183Fields include the number of packets requiring retransmission,
184received out-of-order, and those advertising a zero-sized window.
185.It Fl W
186Avoid truncating addresses even if this causes some fields to overflow.
187.It Fl x
188Display socket buffer and TCP timer statistics for each
189internet socket.
190.Pp
191The
192.Fl x
193flag causes
194.Nm
195to output all the information recorded about data
196stored in the socket buffers.
197The fields are:
198.Bl -column ".Li R-MBUF"
199.It Li R-MBUF Ta Number of mbufs in the receive queue.
200.It Li S-MBUF Ta Number of mbufs in the send queue.
201.It Li R-CLUS Ta Number of clusters, of any type, in the receive
202queue.
203.It Li S-CLUS Ta Number of clusters, of any type, in the send queue.
204.It Li R-HIWA Ta Receive buffer high water mark, in bytes.
205.It Li S-HIWA Ta Send buffer high water mark, in bytes.
206.It Li R-LOWA Ta Receive buffer low water mark, in bytes.
207.It Li S-LOWA Ta Send buffer low water mark, in bytes.
208.It Li R-BCNT Ta Receive buffer byte count.
209.It Li S-BCNT Ta Send buffer byte count.
210.It Li R-BMAX Ta Maximum bytes that can be used in the receive buffer.
211.It Li S-BMAX Ta Maximum bytes that can be used in the send buffer.
212.El
213.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
214Filter by
215.Ar protocol_family .
216See
217.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
218.It Fl p Ar protocol
219Filter by
220.Ar protocol .
221See
222.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
223.It Fl M
224Use an alternative core.
225See
226.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
227.It Fl N
228Use an alternative kernel image.
229See
230.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
231.El
232.It Xo
233.Bk -words
234.Nm
235.Fl i | I Ar interface
236.Op Fl 46abdhnW
237.Op Fl f Ar address_family
238.Op Fl M Ar core
239.Op Fl N Ar system
240.Ek
241.Xc
242Show the state of all network interfaces or a single
243.Ar interface
244which have been auto-configured
245(interfaces statically configured into a system, but not
246located at boot time are not shown).
247An asterisk
248.Pq Dq Li *
249after an interface name indicates that the interface is
250.Dq down .
251.Pp
252When
253.Nm
254is invoked with
255.Fl i
256.Pq all interfaces
257or
258.Fl I Ar interface ,
259it provides a table of cumulative
260statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
261The network addresses of the interface
262and the maximum transmission unit
263.Pq Dq mtu
264are also displayed.
265.Bl -tag -width indent
266.It Fl 4
267Show IPv4 only.
268See
269.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
270.It Fl 6
271Show IPv6 only.
272See
273.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
274.It Fl a
275Multicast addresses currently in use are shown
276for each Ethernet interface and for each IP interface address.
277Multicast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface
278address with which they are associated.
279.It Fl b
280Show the number of bytes in and out.
281.It Fl d
282Show the number of dropped packets.
283.It Fl h
284Print all counters in human readable form.
285.It Fl n
286Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names.
287See
288.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
289.It Fl W
290Avoid truncating interface names even if this causes some fields to overflow.
291.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
292.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
293Filter by
294.Ar protocol_family .
295See
296.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
297.El
298.It Xo
299.Bk -words
300.Nm
301.Fl w Ar wait
302.Op Fl I Ar interface
303.Op Fl 46d
304.Op Fl M Ar core
305.Op Fl N Ar system
306.Op Fl q Ar howmany
307.Ek
308.Xc
309At intervals of
310.Ar wait
311seconds, display the information regarding packet traffic on all
312configured network interfaces or a single
313.Ar interface .
314.Pp
315When
316.Nm
317is invoked with the
318.Fl w
319option and a
320.Ar wait
321interval argument, it displays a running count of statistics related to
322network interfaces.
323An obsolescent version of this option used a numeric parameter
324with no option, and is currently supported for backward compatibility.
325By default, this display summarizes information for all interfaces.
326Information for a specific interface may be displayed with the
327.Fl I Ar interface
328option.
329.Bl -tag -width indent
330.It Fl I Ar interface
331Only show information regarding
332.Ar interface
333.It Fl 4
334Show IPv4 only.
335See
336.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
337.It Fl 6
338Show IPv6 only.
339See
340.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
341.It Fl d
342Show the number of dropped packets.
343.It Fl M
344Use an alternative core.
345See
346.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
347.It Fl N
348Use an alternative kernel image.
349See
350.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
351.It Fl q
352Exit after
353.Ar howmany
354outputs.
355.El
356.It Xo
357.Bk -words
358.Nm
359.Fl s
360.Op Fl 46sz
361.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
362.Op Fl M Ar core
363.Op Fl N Ar system
364.Ek
365.Xc
366Display system-wide statistics for each network protocol.
367.Bl -tag -width indent
368.It Fl 4
369Show IPv4 only.
370See
371.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
372.It Fl 6
373Show IPv6 only.
374See
375.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
376.It Fl s
377If
378.Fl s
379is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
380.It Fl z
381Reset statistic counters after displaying them.
382.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
383Filter by
384.Ar protocol_family .
385See
386.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
387.It Fl p Ar protocol
388Filter by
389.Ar protocol .
390See
391.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
392.It Fl M
393Use an alternative core.
394See
395.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
396.It Fl N
397Use an alternative kernel image
398See
399.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
400.El
401.It Xo
402.Bk -words
403.Nm
404.Fl i | I Ar interface Fl s
405.Op Fl 46s
406.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
407.Op Fl M Ar core
408.Op Fl N Ar system
409.Ek
410.Xc
411Display per-interface statistics for each network protocol.
412.Bl -tag -width indent
413.It Fl 4
414Show IPv4 only
415See
416.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
417.It Fl 6
418Show IPv6 only
419See
420.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
421.It Fl s
422If
423.Fl s
424is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
425.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
426Filter by
427.Ar protocol_family .
428See
429.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
430.It Fl p Ar protocol
431Filter by
432.Ar protocol .
433See
434.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
435.It Fl M
436Use an alternative core
437See
438.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
439.It Fl N
440Use an alternative kernel image
441See
442.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
443.El
444.It Xo
445.Bk -words
446.Nm
447.Fl m
448.Op Fl M Ar core
449.Op Fl N Ar system
450.Ek
451.Xc
452Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
453.Pq Xr mbuf 9 .
454The network manages a private pool of memory buffers.
455.Bl -tag -width indent
456.It Fl M
457Use an alternative core
458See
459.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
460.It Fl N
461Use an alternative kernel image
462See
463.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
464.El
465.It Xo
466.Bk -words
467.Nm
468.Fl B
469.Op Fl z
470.Op Fl I Ar interface
471.Ek
472.Xc
473Show statistics about
474.Xr bpf 4
475peers.
476This includes information like
477how many packets have been matched, dropped and received by the
478bpf device, also information about current buffer sizes and device
479states.
480.Pp
481The
482.Xr bpf 4
483flags displayed when
484.Nm
485is invoked with the
486.Fl B
487option represent the underlying parameters of the bpf peer.
488Each flag is
489represented as a single lower case letter.
490The mapping between the letters and flags in order of appearance are:
491.Bl -column ".Li i"
492.It Li p Ta Set if listening promiscuously
493.It Li i Ta Dv BIOCIMMEDIATE No has been set on the device
494.It Li f Ta Dv BIOCGHDRCMPLT No status: source link addresses are being
495filled automatically
496.It Li s Ta Dv BIOCGSEESENT No status: see packets originating locally and
497remotely on the interface.
498.It Li a Ta Packet reception generates a signal
499.It Li l Ta Dv BIOCLOCK No status: descriptor has been locked
500.El
501.Pp
502For more information about these flags, please refer to
503.Xr bpf 4 .
504.Bl -tag -width indent
505.It Fl z
506Reset statistic counters after displaying them.
507.El
508.It Xo
509.Bk -words
510.Nm
511.Fl r
512.Op Fl 46AnW
513.Op Fl F Ar fibnum
514.Op Fl f Ar address_family
515.Op Fl M Ar core
516.Op Fl N Ar system
517.Ek
518.Xc
519Display the contents of routing tables.
520.Pp
521When
522.Nm
523is invoked with the routing table option
524.Fl r ,
525it lists the available routes and their status.
526Each route consists of a destination host or network, and a gateway to use
527in forwarding packets.
528The flags field shows a collection of information about the route stored
529as binary choices.
530The individual flags are discussed in more detail in the
531.Xr route 8
532and
533.Xr route 4
534manual pages.
535The mapping between letters and flags is:
536.Bl -column ".Li W" ".Dv RTF_WASCLONED"
537.It Li 1 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO1 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #1"
538.It Li 2 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO2 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #2"
539.It Li 3 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO3 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #3"
540.It Li B Ta Dv RTF_BLACKHOLE Ta "Just discard pkts (during updates)"
541.It Li b Ta Dv RTF_BROADCAST Ta "The route represents a broadcast address"
542.It Li D Ta Dv RTF_DYNAMIC Ta "Created dynamically (by redirect)"
543.It Li G Ta Dv RTF_GATEWAY Ta "Destination requires forwarding by intermediary"
544.It Li H Ta Dv RTF_HOST Ta "Host entry (net otherwise)"
545.It Li L Ta Dv RTF_LLINFO Ta "Valid protocol to link address translation"
546.It Li M Ta Dv RTF_MODIFIED Ta "Modified dynamically (by redirect)"
547.It Li R Ta Dv RTF_REJECT Ta "Host or net unreachable"
548.It Li S Ta Dv RTF_STATIC Ta "Manually added"
549.It Li U Ta Dv RTF_UP Ta "Route usable"
550.It Li X Ta Dv RTF_XRESOLVE Ta "External daemon translates proto to link address"
551.El
552.Pp
553Direct routes are created for each
554interface attached to the local host;
555the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
556The refcnt field gives the
557current number of active uses of the route.
558Connection oriented
559protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of
560a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending
561to the same destination.
562The use field provides a count of the number of packets
563sent using that route.
564The interface entry indicates the network interface utilized for the route.
565.Bl -tag -width indent
566.It Fl 4
567Show IPv4 only.
568See
569.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
570.It Fl 6
571Show IPv6 only.
572See
573.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
574.It Fl A
575Show the contents of the internal Patricia tree
576structures; used for debugging.
577.It Fl n
578Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names.
579See
580.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
581.It Fl W
582Show the path MTU for each route, and print interface names with a
583wider field size.
584.It Fl F
585Display the routing table with the number
586.Ar fibnum .
587If the specified
588.Ar fibnum
589is -1 or
590.Fl F
591is not specified,
592the default routing table is displayed.
593.It Fl f
594Display the routing table for a particular
595.Ar address_family .
596.It Fl M
597Use an alternative core
598See
599.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
600.It Fl N
601Use an alternative kernel image
602See
603.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
604.El
605.It Xo
606.Bk -words
607.Nm
608.Fl rs
609.Op Fl s
610.Op Fl M Ar core
611.Op Fl N Ar system
612.Ek
613.Xc
614Display routing statistics.
615.Bl -tag -width indent
616.It Fl s
617If
618.Fl s
619is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
620.It Fl M
621Use an alternative core
622See
623.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
624.It Fl N
625Use an alternative kernel image
626See
627.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
628.El
629.It Xo
630.Bk -words
631.Nm
632.Fl g
633.Op Fl 46W
634.Op Fl f Ar address_family
635.Op Fl M Ar core
636.Op Fl N Ar system
637.Ek
638.Xc
639Display the contents of the multicast virtual interface tables,
640and multicast forwarding caches.
641Entries in these tables will appear only when the kernel is
642actively forwarding multicast sessions.
643This option is applicable only to the
644.Cm inet
645and
646.Cm inet6
647address families.
648.Bl -tag -width indent
649.It Fl 4
650Show IPv4 only
651See
652.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
653.It Fl 6
654Show IPv6 only
655See
656.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
657.It Fl W
658Avoid truncating addresses even if this causes some fields to overflow.
659.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
660Filter by
661.Ar protocol_family .
662See
663.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
664.It Fl M
665Use an alternative core
666See
667.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
668.It Fl N
669Use an alternative kernel image
670See
671.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
672.El
673.It Xo
674.Bk -words
675.Nm
676.Fl gs
677.Op Fl 46s
678.Op Fl f Ar address_family
679.Op Fl M Ar core
680.Op Fl N Ar system
681.Ek
682.Xc
683Show multicast routing statistics.
684.Bl -tag -width indent
685.It Fl 4
686Show IPv4 only
687See
688.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
689.It Fl 6
690Show IPv6 only
691See
692.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
693.It Fl s
694If
695.Fl s
696is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
697.It Fl f Ar protocol_family
698Filter by
699.Ar protocol_family .
700See
701.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
702.It Fl M
703Use an alternative core
704See
705.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
706.It Fl N
707Use an alternative kernel image
708See
709.Sx GENERAL OPTIONS .
710.El
711.It Xo
712.Bk -words
713.Nm
714.Fl Q
715.Ek
716.Xc
717Show
718.Xr netisr 9
719statistics.
720The flags field shows available ISR handlers:
721.Bl -column ".Li W" ".Dv NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_DRAINEDCPU"
722.It Li C Ta Dv NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_M2CPUID Ta "Able to map mbuf to cpu id"
723.It Li D Ta Dv NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_DRAINEDCPU  Ta "Has queue drain handler"
724.It Li F Ta Dv NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_M2FLOW Ta "Able to map mbuf to flow id"
725.El
726.El
727.Pp
728.Ss GENERAL OPTIONS
729Some options have the general meaning:
730.Bl -tag -width flag
731.It Fl 4
732Is shorthand for
733.Fl f
734.Ar inet
735.Pq Show only IPv4
736.It Fl 6
737Is shorthand for
738.Fl f
739.Ar inet6
740.Pq Show only IPv6
741.It Fl f Ar address_family , Fl p Ar protocol
742Limit display to those records
743of the specified
744.Ar address_family
745or a single
746.Ar protocol .
747The following address families and protocols are recognized:
748.Pp
749.Bl -tag -width ".Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH" -compact
750.It Em Family
751.Em Protocols
752.It Cm inet Pq Dv AF_INET
753.Cm divert , icmp , igmp , ip , ipsec , pim, sctp , tcp , udp
754.It Cm inet6 Pq Dv AF_INET6
755.Cm icmp6 , ip6 , ipsec6 , rip6 , tcp , udp
756.It Cm pfkey Pq Dv PF_KEY
757.Cm pfkey
758.It Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH
759.Cm ctrl , data
760.It Cm unix Pq Dv AF_UNIX
761.It Cm link Pq Dv AF_LINK
762.El
763.Pp
764The program will complain if
765.Ar protocol
766is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
767.It Fl M
768Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
769instead of the default
770.Pa /dev/kmem .
771.It Fl N
772Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
773which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
774.It Fl n
775Show network addresses and ports as numbers.
776Normally
777.Nm
778attempts to resolve addresses and ports,
779and display them symbolically.
780.El
781.Sh SEE ALSO
782.Xr fstat 1 ,
783.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
784.Xr procstat 1 ,
785.Xr ps 1 ,
786.Xr sockstat 1 ,
787.Xr bpf 4 ,
788.Xr inet 4 ,
789.Xr route 4 ,
790.Xr unix 4 ,
791.Xr hosts 5 ,
792.Xr networks 5 ,
793.Xr protocols 5 ,
794.Xr services 5 ,
795.Xr iostat 8 ,
796.Xr route 8 ,
797.Xr trpt 8 ,
798.Xr vmstat 8 ,
799.Xr mbuf 9
800.Sh HISTORY
801The
802.Nm
803command appeared in
804.Bx 4.2 .
805.Pp
806IPv6 support was added by WIDE/KAME project.
807.Sh BUGS
808The notion of errors is ill-defined.
809