xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/netstat/main.c (revision ee2e9f4dbc195bf07bfc8e8ab2faed357d617e81)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993
5  *	Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #ifndef lint
33 static char const copyright[] =
34 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993\n\
35 	Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
36 #endif /* not lint */
37 
38 #if 0
39 #ifndef lint
40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 3/1/94";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 #endif
43 
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
46 
47 #include <sys/param.h>
48 #include <sys/file.h>
49 #include <sys/protosw.h>
50 #include <sys/socket.h>
51 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
52 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
53 
54 #include <netinet/in.h>
55 
56 #ifdef NETGRAPH
57 #include <netgraph/ng_socket.h>
58 #endif
59 
60 #include <ctype.h>
61 #include <err.h>
62 #include <errno.h>
63 #include <kvm.h>
64 #include <limits.h>
65 #include <netdb.h>
66 #include <nlist.h>
67 #include <paths.h>
68 #include <stdint.h>
69 #include <stdio.h>
70 #include <stdlib.h>
71 #include <stdbool.h>
72 #include <string.h>
73 #include <unistd.h>
74 #include "netstat.h"
75 #include "nl_defs.h"
76 #include <libxo/xo.h>
77 
78 static struct protox {
79 	int	pr_index;		/* index into nlist of cb head */
80 	int	pr_sindex;		/* index into nlist of stat block */
81 	u_char	pr_wanted;		/* 1 if wanted, 0 otherwise */
82 	void	(*pr_cblocks)(u_long, const char *, int, int);
83 					/* control blocks printing routine */
84 	void	(*pr_stats)(u_long, const char *, int, int);
85 					/* statistics printing routine */
86 	void	(*pr_istats)(char *);	/* per/if statistics printing routine */
87 	const char	*pr_name;		/* well-known name */
88 	int	pr_usesysctl;		/* non-zero if we use sysctl, not kvm */
89 	int	pr_protocol;
90 } protox[] = {
91 	{ N_TCBINFO,	N_TCPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
92 	  tcp_stats,	NULL,		"tcp",	1,	IPPROTO_TCP },
93 	{ N_UDBINFO,	N_UDPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
94 	  udp_stats,	NULL,		"udp",	1,	IPPROTO_UDP },
95 #ifdef SCTP
96 	{ -1,		N_SCTPSTAT,	1,	sctp_protopr,
97 	  sctp_stats,	NULL,		"sctp",	1,	IPPROTO_SCTP },
98 #endif
99 #ifdef SDP
100 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
101 	 NULL,		NULL,		"sdp",	1,	IPPROTO_TCP },
102 #endif
103 	{ N_DIVCBINFO,	-1,		1,	protopr,
104 	  NULL,		NULL,		"divert", 1,	IPPROTO_DIVERT },
105 	{ N_RIPCBINFO,	N_IPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
106 	  ip_stats,	NULL,		"ip",	1,	IPPROTO_RAW },
107 	{ N_RIPCBINFO,	N_ICMPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
108 	  icmp_stats,	NULL,		"icmp",	1,	IPPROTO_ICMP },
109 	{ N_RIPCBINFO,	N_IGMPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
110 	  igmp_stats,	NULL,		"igmp",	1,	IPPROTO_IGMP },
111 #ifdef IPSEC
112 	{ -1,		N_IPSEC4STAT,	1,	NULL,	/* keep as compat */
113 	  ipsec_stats,	NULL,		"ipsec", 1,	0},
114 	{ -1,		N_AHSTAT,	1,	NULL,
115 	  ah_stats,	NULL,		"ah",	1,	0},
116 	{ -1,		N_ESPSTAT,	1,	NULL,
117 	  esp_stats,	NULL,		"esp",	1,	0},
118 	{ -1,		N_IPCOMPSTAT,	1,	NULL,
119 	  ipcomp_stats,	NULL,		"ipcomp", 1,	0},
120 #endif
121 	{ N_RIPCBINFO,	N_PIMSTAT,	1,	protopr,
122 	  pim_stats,	NULL,		"pim",	1,	IPPROTO_PIM },
123 	{ -1,		N_CARPSTATS,	1,	NULL,
124 	  carp_stats,	NULL,		"carp",	1,	0 },
125 #ifdef PF
126 	{ -1,		N_PFSYNCSTATS,	1,	NULL,
127 	  pfsync_stats,	NULL,		"pfsync", 1,	0 },
128 #endif
129 	{ -1,		N_ARPSTAT,	1,	NULL,
130 	  arp_stats,	NULL,		"arp", 1,	0 },
131 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	NULL,
132 	  NULL,		NULL,		NULL,	0,	0 }
133 };
134 
135 #ifdef INET6
136 static struct protox ip6protox[] = {
137 	{ N_TCBINFO,	N_TCPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
138 	  tcp_stats,	NULL,		"tcp",	1,	IPPROTO_TCP },
139 	{ N_UDBINFO,	N_UDPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
140 	  udp_stats,	NULL,		"udp",	1,	IPPROTO_UDP },
141 	{ N_RIPCBINFO,	N_IP6STAT,	1,	protopr,
142 	  ip6_stats,	ip6_ifstats,	"ip6",	1,	IPPROTO_RAW },
143 	{ N_RIPCBINFO,	N_ICMP6STAT,	1,	protopr,
144 	  icmp6_stats,	icmp6_ifstats,	"icmp6", 1,	IPPROTO_ICMPV6 },
145 #ifdef SDP
146 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
147 	 NULL,		NULL,		"sdp",	1,	IPPROTO_TCP },
148 #endif
149 #ifdef IPSEC
150 	{ -1,		N_IPSEC6STAT,	1,	NULL,
151 	  ipsec_stats,	NULL,		"ipsec6", 1,	0 },
152 #endif
153 #ifdef notyet
154 	{ -1,		N_PIM6STAT,	1,	NULL,
155 	  pim6_stats,	NULL,		"pim6",	1,	0 },
156 #endif
157 	{ -1,		N_RIP6STAT,	1,	NULL,
158 	  rip6_stats,	NULL,		"rip6",	1,	0 },
159 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	NULL,
160 	  NULL,		NULL,		NULL,	0,	0 }
161 };
162 #endif /*INET6*/
163 
164 #ifdef IPSEC
165 static struct protox pfkeyprotox[] = {
166 	{ -1,		N_PFKEYSTAT,	1,	NULL,
167 	  pfkey_stats,	NULL,		"pfkey", 0,	0 },
168 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	NULL,
169 	  NULL,		NULL,		NULL,	0,	0 }
170 };
171 #endif
172 
173 #ifdef NETGRAPH
174 static struct protox netgraphprotox[] = {
175 	{ N_NGSOCKLIST,	-1,		1,	netgraphprotopr,
176 	  NULL,		NULL,		"ctrl",	0,	0 },
177 	{ N_NGSOCKLIST,	-1,		1,	netgraphprotopr,
178 	  NULL,		NULL,		"data",	0,	0 },
179 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	NULL,
180 	  NULL,		NULL,		NULL,	0,	0 }
181 };
182 #endif
183 
184 static struct protox *protoprotox[] = {
185 					 protox,
186 #ifdef INET6
187 					 ip6protox,
188 #endif
189 #ifdef IPSEC
190 					 pfkeyprotox,
191 #endif
192 					 NULL };
193 
194 static void printproto(struct protox *, const char *, bool *);
195 static void usage(void);
196 static struct protox *name2protox(const char *);
197 static struct protox *knownname(const char *);
198 
199 static int kresolve_list(struct nlist *_nl);
200 
201 static kvm_t *kvmd;
202 static char *nlistf = NULL, *memf = NULL;
203 
204 int	Aflag;		/* show addresses of protocol control block */
205 int	aflag;		/* show all sockets (including servers) */
206 static int	Bflag;		/* show information about bpf consumers */
207 int	bflag;		/* show i/f total bytes in/out */
208 int	dflag;		/* show i/f dropped packets */
209 int	gflag;		/* show group (multicast) routing or stats */
210 int	hflag;		/* show counters in human readable format */
211 int	iflag;		/* show interfaces */
212 int	Lflag;		/* show size of listen queues */
213 int	mflag;		/* show memory stats */
214 int	noutputs = 0;	/* how much outputs before we exit */
215 int	numeric_addr;	/* show addresses numerically */
216 int	numeric_port;	/* show ports numerically */
217 int	oflag;		/* show nexthop objects*/
218 int	Pflag;		/* show TCP log ID */
219 static int pflag;	/* show given protocol */
220 static int	Qflag;		/* show netisr information */
221 int	rflag;		/* show routing tables (or routing stats) */
222 int	Rflag;		/* show flow / RSS statistics */
223 int	sflag;		/* show protocol statistics */
224 int	Wflag;		/* wide display */
225 int	Tflag;		/* TCP Information */
226 int	xflag;		/* extra information, includes all socket buffer info */
227 int	zflag;		/* zero stats */
228 
229 int	interval;	/* repeat interval for i/f stats */
230 
231 char	*interface;	/* desired i/f for stats, or NULL for all i/fs */
232 int	unit;		/* unit number for above */
233 
234 static int	af;		/* address family */
235 int	live;		/* true if we are examining a live system */
236 
237 int
238 main(int argc, char *argv[])
239 {
240 	struct protox *tp = NULL;  /* for printing cblocks & stats */
241 	int ch;
242 	int fib = -1;
243 	char *endptr;
244 	bool first = true;
245 
246 	af = AF_UNSPEC;
247 
248 	argc = xo_parse_args(argc, argv);
249 	if (argc < 0)
250 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
251 
252 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "46AaBbdF:f:ghI:iLlM:mN:noPp:Qq:RrSTsuWw:xz"))
253 	    != -1)
254 		switch(ch) {
255 		case '4':
256 #ifdef INET
257 			af = AF_INET;
258 #else
259 			errx(1, "IPv4 support is not compiled in");
260 #endif
261 			break;
262 		case '6':
263 #ifdef INET6
264 			af = AF_INET6;
265 #else
266 			errx(1, "IPv6 support is not compiled in");
267 #endif
268 			break;
269 		case 'A':
270 			Aflag = 1;
271 			break;
272 		case 'a':
273 			aflag = 1;
274 			break;
275 		case 'B':
276 			Bflag = 1;
277 			break;
278 		case 'b':
279 			bflag = 1;
280 			break;
281 		case 'd':
282 			dflag = 1;
283 			break;
284 		case 'F':
285 			fib = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
286 			if (*endptr != '\0' ||
287 			    (fib == 0 && (errno == EINVAL || errno == ERANGE)))
288 				xo_errx(1, "%s: invalid fib", optarg);
289 			break;
290 		case 'f':
291 			if (strcmp(optarg, "inet") == 0)
292 				af = AF_INET;
293 #ifdef INET6
294 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet6") == 0)
295 				af = AF_INET6;
296 #endif
297 #ifdef IPSEC
298 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "pfkey") == 0)
299 				af = PF_KEY;
300 #endif
301 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "unix") == 0 ||
302 				 strcmp(optarg, "local") == 0)
303 				af = AF_UNIX;
304 #ifdef NETGRAPH
305 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "ng") == 0
306 			    || strcmp(optarg, "netgraph") == 0)
307 				af = AF_NETGRAPH;
308 #endif
309 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "link") == 0)
310 				af = AF_LINK;
311 			else {
312 				xo_errx(1, "%s: unknown address family",
313 				    optarg);
314 			}
315 			break;
316 		case 'g':
317 			gflag = 1;
318 			break;
319 		case 'h':
320 			hflag = 1;
321 			break;
322 		case 'I': {
323 			char *cp;
324 
325 			iflag = 1;
326 			for (cp = interface = optarg; isalpha(*cp); cp++)
327 				continue;
328 			unit = atoi(cp);
329 			break;
330 		}
331 		case 'i':
332 			iflag = 1;
333 			break;
334 		case 'L':
335 			Lflag = 1;
336 			break;
337 		case 'M':
338 			memf = optarg;
339 			break;
340 		case 'm':
341 			mflag = 1;
342 			break;
343 		case 'N':
344 			nlistf = optarg;
345 			break;
346 		case 'n':
347 			numeric_addr = numeric_port = 1;
348 			break;
349 		case 'o':
350 			oflag = 1;
351 			break;
352 		case 'P':
353 			Pflag = 1;
354 			break;
355 		case 'p':
356 			if ((tp = name2protox(optarg)) == NULL) {
357 				xo_errx(1, "%s: unknown or uninstrumented "
358 				    "protocol", optarg);
359 			}
360 			pflag = 1;
361 			break;
362 		case 'Q':
363 			Qflag = 1;
364 			break;
365 		case 'q':
366 			noutputs = atoi(optarg);
367 			if (noutputs != 0)
368 				noutputs++;
369 			break;
370 		case 'r':
371 			rflag = 1;
372 			break;
373 		case 'R':
374 			Rflag = 1;
375 			break;
376 		case 's':
377 			++sflag;
378 			break;
379 		case 'S':
380 			numeric_addr = 1;
381 			break;
382 		case 'u':
383 			af = AF_UNIX;
384 			break;
385 		case 'W':
386 		case 'l':
387 			Wflag = 1;
388 			break;
389 		case 'w':
390 			interval = atoi(optarg);
391 			iflag = 1;
392 			break;
393 		case 'T':
394 			Tflag = 1;
395 			break;
396 		case 'x':
397 			xflag = 1;
398 			break;
399 		case 'z':
400 			zflag = 1;
401 			break;
402 		case '?':
403 		default:
404 			usage();
405 		}
406 	argv += optind;
407 	argc -= optind;
408 
409 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
410 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
411 	if (*argv) {
412 		if (isdigit(**argv)) {
413 			interval = atoi(*argv);
414 			if (interval <= 0)
415 				usage();
416 			++argv;
417 			iflag = 1;
418 		}
419 		if (*argv) {
420 			nlistf = *argv;
421 			if (*++argv)
422 				memf = *argv;
423 		}
424 	}
425 #endif
426 
427 	/*
428 	 * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
429 	 * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
430 	 */
431 	live = (nlistf == NULL && memf == NULL);
432 	if (!live) {
433 		if (setgid(getgid()) != 0)
434 			xo_err(-1, "setgid");
435 		/* Load all necessary kvm symbols */
436 		kresolve_list(nl);
437 	}
438 
439 	if (xflag && Tflag)
440 		xo_errx(1, "-x and -T are incompatible, pick one.");
441 
442 	if (Bflag) {
443 		if (!live)
444 			usage();
445 		bpf_stats(interface);
446 		xo_finish();
447 		exit(0);
448 	}
449 	if (mflag) {
450 		if (!live) {
451 			if (kread(0, NULL, 0) == 0)
452 				mbpr(kvmd, nl[N_SFSTAT].n_value);
453 		} else
454 			mbpr(NULL, 0);
455 		xo_finish();
456 		exit(0);
457 	}
458 	if (Qflag) {
459 		if (!live) {
460 			if (kread(0, NULL, 0) == 0)
461 				netisr_stats();
462 		} else
463 			netisr_stats();
464 		xo_finish();
465 		exit(0);
466 	}
467 #if 0
468 	/*
469 	 * Keep file descriptors open to avoid overhead
470 	 * of open/close on each call to get* routines.
471 	 */
472 	sethostent(1);
473 	setnetent(1);
474 #else
475 	/*
476 	 * This does not make sense any more with DNS being default over
477 	 * the files.  Doing a setXXXXent(1) causes a tcp connection to be
478 	 * used for the queries, which is slower.
479 	 */
480 #endif
481 	if (iflag && !sflag) {
482 		xo_open_container("statistics");
483 		intpr(NULL, af);
484 		xo_close_container("statistics");
485 		xo_finish();
486 		exit(0);
487 	}
488 	if (rflag) {
489 		xo_open_container("statistics");
490 		if (sflag) {
491 			if (live) {
492 				kresolve_list(nl);
493 			}
494 			rt_stats();
495 		} else
496 			routepr(fib, af);
497 		xo_close_container("statistics");
498 		xo_finish();
499 		exit(0);
500 	}
501 	if (oflag) {
502 		xo_open_container("statistics");
503 		nhops_print(fib, af);
504 		xo_close_container("statistics");
505 		xo_finish();
506 		exit(0);
507 	}
508 
509 
510 	if (gflag) {
511 		xo_open_container("statistics");
512 		if (sflag) {
513 			if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
514 				mrt_stats();
515 #ifdef INET6
516 			if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
517 				mrt6_stats();
518 #endif
519 		} else {
520 			if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
521 				mroutepr();
522 #ifdef INET6
523 			if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
524 				mroute6pr();
525 #endif
526 		}
527 		xo_close_container("statistics");
528 		xo_finish();
529 		exit(0);
530 	}
531 
532 	if (tp) {
533 		xo_open_container("statistics");
534 		printproto(tp, tp->pr_name, &first);
535 		if (!first)
536 			xo_close_list("socket");
537 		xo_close_container("statistics");
538 		xo_finish();
539 		exit(0);
540 	}
541 
542 	xo_open_container("statistics");
543 	if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
544 		for (tp = protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
545 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name, &first);
546 #ifdef INET6
547 	if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
548 		for (tp = ip6protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
549 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name, &first);
550 #endif /*INET6*/
551 #ifdef IPSEC
552 	if (af == PF_KEY || af == AF_UNSPEC)
553 		for (tp = pfkeyprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
554 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name, &first);
555 #endif /*IPSEC*/
556 #ifdef NETGRAPH
557 	if (af == AF_NETGRAPH || af == AF_UNSPEC)
558 		for (tp = netgraphprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
559 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name, &first);
560 #endif /* NETGRAPH */
561 	if ((af == AF_UNIX || af == AF_UNSPEC) && !sflag)
562 		unixpr(nl[N_UNP_COUNT].n_value, nl[N_UNP_GENCNT].n_value,
563 		    nl[N_UNP_DHEAD].n_value, nl[N_UNP_SHEAD].n_value,
564 		    nl[N_UNP_SPHEAD].n_value, &first);
565 
566 	if (!first)
567 		xo_close_list("socket");
568 	xo_close_container("statistics");
569 	xo_finish();
570 	exit(0);
571 }
572 
573 static int
574 fetch_stats_internal(const char *sysctlname, u_long off, void *stats,
575     size_t len, kreadfn_t kreadfn, int zero)
576 {
577 	int error;
578 
579 	if (live) {
580 		memset(stats, 0, len);
581 		if (zero)
582 			error = sysctlbyname(sysctlname, NULL, NULL, stats,
583 			    len);
584 		else
585 			error = sysctlbyname(sysctlname, stats, &len, NULL, 0);
586 		if (error == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
587 			xo_warn("sysctl %s", sysctlname);
588 	} else {
589 		if (off == 0)
590 			return (1);
591 		error = kreadfn(off, stats, len);
592 	}
593 	return (error);
594 }
595 
596 int
597 fetch_stats(const char *sysctlname, u_long off, void *stats,
598     size_t len, kreadfn_t kreadfn)
599 {
600 
601 	return (fetch_stats_internal(sysctlname, off, stats, len, kreadfn,
602     zflag));
603 }
604 
605 int
606 fetch_stats_ro(const char *sysctlname, u_long off, void *stats,
607     size_t len, kreadfn_t kreadfn)
608 {
609 
610 	return (fetch_stats_internal(sysctlname, off, stats, len, kreadfn, 0));
611 }
612 
613 /*
614  * Print out protocol statistics or control blocks (per sflag).
615  * If the interface was not specifically requested, and the symbol
616  * is not in the namelist, ignore this one.
617  */
618 static void
619 printproto(struct protox *tp, const char *name, bool *first)
620 {
621 	void (*pr)(u_long, const char *, int, int);
622 	u_long off;
623 	bool doingdblocks = false;
624 
625 	if (sflag) {
626 		if (iflag) {
627 			if (tp->pr_istats)
628 				intpr(tp->pr_istats, af);
629 			else if (pflag)
630 				xo_message("%s: no per-interface stats routine",
631 				    tp->pr_name);
632 			return;
633 		} else {
634 			pr = tp->pr_stats;
635 			if (!pr) {
636 				if (pflag)
637 					xo_message("%s: no stats routine",
638 					    tp->pr_name);
639 				return;
640 			}
641 			if (tp->pr_usesysctl && live)
642 				off = 0;
643 			else if (tp->pr_sindex < 0) {
644 				if (pflag)
645 					xo_message("%s: stats routine doesn't "
646 					    "work on cores", tp->pr_name);
647 				return;
648 			} else
649 				off = nl[tp->pr_sindex].n_value;
650 		}
651 	} else {
652 		doingdblocks = true;
653 		pr = tp->pr_cblocks;
654 		if (!pr) {
655 			if (pflag)
656 				xo_message("%s: no PCB routine", tp->pr_name);
657 			return;
658 		}
659 		if (tp->pr_usesysctl && live)
660 			off = 0;
661 		else if (tp->pr_index < 0) {
662 			if (pflag)
663 				xo_message("%s: PCB routine doesn't work on "
664 				    "cores", tp->pr_name);
665 			return;
666 		} else
667 			off = nl[tp->pr_index].n_value;
668 	}
669 	if (pr != NULL && (off || (live && tp->pr_usesysctl) ||
670 	    af != AF_UNSPEC)) {
671 		if (doingdblocks && *first) {
672 			xo_open_list("socket");
673 			*first = false;
674 		}
675 
676 		(*pr)(off, name, af, tp->pr_protocol);
677 	}
678 }
679 
680 static int
681 kvmd_init(void)
682 {
683 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
684 
685 	if (kvmd != NULL)
686 		return (0);
687 
688 	kvmd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
689 	if (setgid(getgid()) != 0)
690 		xo_err(-1, "setgid");
691 
692 	if (kvmd == NULL) {
693 		xo_warnx("kvm not available: %s", errbuf);
694 		return (-1);
695 	}
696 
697 	return (0);
698 }
699 
700 /*
701  * Resolve symbol list, return 0 on success.
702  */
703 static int
704 kresolve_list(struct nlist *_nl)
705 {
706 
707 	if ((kvmd == NULL) && (kvmd_init() != 0))
708 		return (-1);
709 
710 	if (_nl[0].n_type != 0)
711 		return (0);
712 
713 	if (kvm_nlist(kvmd, _nl) < 0) {
714 		if (nlistf)
715 			xo_errx(1, "%s: kvm_nlist: %s", nlistf,
716 			    kvm_geterr(kvmd));
717 		else
718 			xo_errx(1, "kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kvmd));
719 	}
720 
721 	return (0);
722 }
723 
724 /*
725  * Wrapper of kvm_dpcpu_setcpu().
726  */
727 void
728 kset_dpcpu(u_int cpuid)
729 {
730 
731 	if ((kvmd == NULL) && (kvmd_init() != 0))
732 		xo_errx(-1, "%s: kvm is not available", __func__);
733 
734 	if (kvm_dpcpu_setcpu(kvmd, cpuid) < 0)
735 		xo_errx(-1, "%s: kvm_dpcpu_setcpu(%u): %s", __func__,
736 		    cpuid, kvm_geterr(kvmd));
737 	return;
738 }
739 
740 /*
741  * Read kernel memory, return 0 on success.
742  */
743 int
744 kread(u_long addr, void *buf, size_t size)
745 {
746 
747 	if (kvmd_init() < 0)
748 		return (-1);
749 
750 	if (!buf)
751 		return (0);
752 	if (kvm_read(kvmd, addr, buf, size) != (ssize_t)size) {
753 		xo_warnx("%s", kvm_geterr(kvmd));
754 		return (-1);
755 	}
756 	return (0);
757 }
758 
759 /*
760  * Read single counter(9).
761  */
762 uint64_t
763 kread_counter(u_long addr)
764 {
765 
766 	if (kvmd_init() < 0)
767 		return (-1);
768 
769 	return (kvm_counter_u64_fetch(kvmd, addr));
770 }
771 
772 /*
773  * Read an array of N counters in kernel memory into array of N uint64_t's.
774  */
775 int
776 kread_counters(u_long addr, void *buf, size_t size)
777 {
778 	uint64_t *c;
779 	u_long *counters;
780 	size_t i, n;
781 
782 	if (kvmd_init() < 0)
783 		return (-1);
784 
785 	if (size % sizeof(uint64_t) != 0) {
786 		xo_warnx("kread_counters: invalid counter set size");
787 		return (-1);
788 	}
789 
790 	n = size / sizeof(uint64_t);
791 	if ((counters = malloc(n * sizeof(u_long))) == NULL)
792 		xo_err(-1, "malloc");
793 	if (kread(addr, counters, n * sizeof(u_long)) < 0) {
794 		free(counters);
795 		return (-1);
796 	}
797 
798 	c = buf;
799 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
800 		c[i] = kvm_counter_u64_fetch(kvmd, counters[i]);
801 
802 	free(counters);
803 	return (0);
804 }
805 
806 const char *
807 plural(uintmax_t n)
808 {
809 	return (n != 1 ? "s" : "");
810 }
811 
812 const char *
813 plurales(uintmax_t n)
814 {
815 	return (n != 1 ? "es" : "");
816 }
817 
818 const char *
819 pluralies(uintmax_t n)
820 {
821 	return (n != 1 ? "ies" : "y");
822 }
823 
824 /*
825  * Find the protox for the given "well-known" name.
826  */
827 static struct protox *
828 knownname(const char *name)
829 {
830 	struct protox **tpp, *tp;
831 
832 	for (tpp = protoprotox; *tpp; tpp++)
833 		for (tp = *tpp; tp->pr_name; tp++)
834 			if (strcmp(tp->pr_name, name) == 0)
835 				return (tp);
836 	return (NULL);
837 }
838 
839 /*
840  * Find the protox corresponding to name.
841  */
842 static struct protox *
843 name2protox(const char *name)
844 {
845 	struct protox *tp;
846 	char **alias;			/* alias from p->aliases */
847 	struct protoent *p;
848 
849 	/*
850 	 * Try to find the name in the list of "well-known" names. If that
851 	 * fails, check if name is an alias for an Internet protocol.
852 	 */
853 	if ((tp = knownname(name)) != NULL)
854 		return (tp);
855 
856 	setprotoent(1);			/* make protocol lookup cheaper */
857 	while ((p = getprotoent()) != NULL) {
858 		/* assert: name not same as p->name */
859 		for (alias = p->p_aliases; *alias; alias++)
860 			if (strcmp(name, *alias) == 0) {
861 				endprotoent();
862 				return (knownname(p->p_name));
863 			}
864 	}
865 	endprotoent();
866 	return (NULL);
867 }
868 
869 static void
870 usage(void)
871 {
872 	(void)xo_error("%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
873 "usage: netstat [-46AaLnRSTWx] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol]\n"
874 "               [-M core] [-N system]",
875 "       netstat -i | -I interface [-46abdhnW] [-f address_family]\n"
876 "               [-M core] [-N system]",
877 "       netstat -w wait [-I interface] [-46d] [-M core] [-N system]\n"
878 "               [-q howmany]",
879 "       netstat -s [-46sz] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol]\n"
880 "               [-M core] [-N system]",
881 "       netstat -i | -I interface -s [-46s]\n"
882 "               [-f protocol_family | -p protocol] [-M core] [-N system]",
883 "       netstat -m [-M core] [-N system]",
884 "       netstat -B [-z] [-I interface]",
885 "       netstat -r [-46AnW] [-F fibnum] [-f address_family]\n"
886 "               [-M core] [-N system]",
887 "       netstat -rs [-s] [-M core] [-N system]",
888 "       netstat -g [-46W] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]",
889 "       netstat -gs [-46s] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]",
890 "       netstat -Q");
891 	xo_finish();
892 	exit(1);
893 }
894