1.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Alexey Zelkin. All rights reserved. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 14.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 15.\" without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 18.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 19.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 21.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 23.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 25.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 26.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 27.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 28.\" 29.Dd April 16, 2023 30.Dt MORSE 6 31.Os 32.Sh NAME 33.Nm morse 34.Nd reformat input as morse code 35.Sh SYNOPSIS 36.Nm 37.Op Fl elrps 38.Op Fl d Ar device 39.Op Fl w Ar speed 40.Op Fl c Ar speed 41.Op Fl f Ar frequency 42.Op Ar string ... 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44The 45.Nm 46command reads the given input and reformats it in the form of morse code. 47Acceptable input are command line arguments or the standard input. 48.Pp 49Available options: 50.Bl -tag -width indent 51.It Fl l 52The 53.Fl l 54option produces output suitable for 55.Xr led 4 56devices. 57.It Fl s 58The 59.Fl s 60option produces dots and dashes rather than words. 61.It Fl p 62Send morse the real way. 63This only works if your system has 64.Xr speaker 4 65support. 66.It Fl w Ar speed 67Set the sending speed in words per minute. 68If not specified, the default 69speed of 20 WPM is used. 70.It Fl c Ar speed 71Farnsworth support. 72Set the spacing between characters in words per minute. 73This is independent of the speed 74that the individual characters are sent. 75If not specified, defaults to the effective value of the 76.Fl w 77option. 78.It Fl f Ar frequency 79Set the sidetone frequency to something other than the default 600 Hz. 80.It Fl d Ar device 81Similar to 82.Fl p , 83but use the RTS line of 84.Ar device 85(which must be a TTY device) 86in order to emit the morse code. 87.It Fl e 88Echo each character before it is sent, used together with either 89.Fl p 90or 91.Fl d . 92.It Fl r 93Decode morse output consisting of dots and dashes (as generated by using 94the 95.Fl s 96option). 97.El 98.Pp 99The 100.Fl w , c 101and 102.Fl f 103flags only work in conjunction with either the 104.Fl p 105or the 106.Fl d 107flag. 108.Pp 109Not all prosigns have corresponding characters. 110Use 111.Ql # 112for 113.Em AS , 114.Ql & 115for 116.Em SK , 117.Ql * 118for 119.Em VE 120and 121.Ql % 122for 123.Em BK . 124The more common prosigns are 125.Ql = 126for 127.Em BT , 128.Ql \&( 129for 130.Em KN 131and 132.Ql + 133for 134.Em AR . 135.Pp 136Using the 137.Fl d 138flag, 139it is possible to key an external device, like a sidetone generator with 140a headset for training purposes, or even your ham radio transceiver. 141For 142the latter, simply connect an NPN transistor to the serial port 143.Ar device , 144emitter connected to ground, base connected through a resistor 145(few kiloohms) to RTS, collector to the key line of your transceiver 146(assuming the transceiver has a positive key supply voltage and is keyed 147by grounding the key input line). 148A capacitor (some nanofarads) between 149base and ground is advisable to keep stray RF away, 150and to suppress the 151minor glitch that is generated during program startup. 152.Sh ENVIRONMENT 153Your 154.Ev LC_CTYPE 155locale codeset determines how 156characters with the high-order bit set 157are interpreted. 158.Pp 159.Bl -tag -width ".Li ISO8859-15" -compact 160.It Li ISO8859-1 161.It Li ISO8859-15 162Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Western European characters. 163.Pp 164.It Li KOI8-R 165Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Cyrillic characters. 166.Pp 167.It Li ISO8859-7 168Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Greek characters. 169.El 170.Sh FILES 171.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /dev/speaker" -compact 172.It Pa /dev/speaker 173.Xr speaker 4 174device file 175.El 176.Sh SEE ALSO 177.Xr speaker 4 178.Rs 179.%I ITU-T Recommendation F.1 180.%R "Operational provisions for the international public telegram service" 181.%O Division B, I. Morse code 182.Re 183.Rs 184.%I ITU-R M.1677-1 185.%R International Morse code 186.%D 2009 187.%U https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1677-1-200910-I/ 188.Re 189.Sh HISTORY 190Sound support for 191.Nm 192added by 193.An Lyndon Nerenberg (VE6BBM) Aq Mt lyndon@orthanc.ca . 194.Pp 195Ability to key an external device added by 196.An J\(:org Wunsch 197(DL8DTL). 198.Pp 199Farnsworth support for 200.Nm 201added by 202.An Stephen Cravey (N5UUU) . 203.Sh BUGS 204Only understands a few European characters 205(German and French), 206no Asian characters, 207and no continental landline code. 208.Pp 209Sends a bit slower than it should due to system overhead. 210Some people would call this a feature. 211