1.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Alexey Zelkin. All rights reserved. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 14.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 15.\" without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 18.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 19.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 21.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 23.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 25.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 26.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 27.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 28.\" 29.\" @(#)bcd.6 8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93 30.\" 31.Dd April 16, 2023 32.Dt MORSE 6 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm morse 36.Nd reformat input as morse code 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl elrps 40.Op Fl d Ar device 41.Op Fl w Ar speed 42.Op Fl c Ar speed 43.Op Fl f Ar frequency 44.Op Ar string ... 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46The 47.Nm 48command reads the given input and reformats it in the form of morse code. 49Acceptable input are command line arguments or the standard input. 50.Pp 51Available options: 52.Bl -tag -width indent 53.It Fl l 54The 55.Fl l 56option produces output suitable for 57.Xr led 4 58devices. 59.It Fl s 60The 61.Fl s 62option produces dots and dashes rather than words. 63.It Fl p 64Send morse the real way. 65This only works if your system has 66.Xr speaker 4 67support. 68.It Fl w Ar speed 69Set the sending speed in words per minute. 70If not specified, the default 71speed of 20 WPM is used. 72.It Fl c Ar speed 73Farnsworth support. 74Set the spacing between characters in words per minute. 75This is independent of the speed 76that the individual characters are sent. 77If not specified, defaults to the effective value of the 78.Fl w 79option. 80.It Fl f Ar frequency 81Set the sidetone frequency to something other than the default 600 Hz. 82.It Fl d Ar device 83Similar to 84.Fl p , 85but use the RTS line of 86.Ar device 87(which must be a TTY device) 88in order to emit the morse code. 89.It Fl e 90Echo each character before it is sent, used together with either 91.Fl p 92or 93.Fl d . 94.It Fl r 95Decode morse output consisting of dots and dashes (as generated by using 96the 97.Fl s 98option). 99.El 100.Pp 101The 102.Fl w , c 103and 104.Fl f 105flags only work in conjunction with either the 106.Fl p 107or the 108.Fl d 109flag. 110.Pp 111Not all prosigns have corresponding characters. 112Use 113.Ql # 114for 115.Em AS , 116.Ql & 117for 118.Em SK , 119.Ql * 120for 121.Em VE 122and 123.Ql % 124for 125.Em BK . 126The more common prosigns are 127.Ql = 128for 129.Em BT , 130.Ql \&( 131for 132.Em KN 133and 134.Ql + 135for 136.Em AR . 137.Pp 138Using the 139.Fl d 140flag, 141it is possible to key an external device, like a sidetone generator with 142a headset for training purposes, or even your ham radio transceiver. 143For 144the latter, simply connect an NPN transistor to the serial port 145.Ar device , 146emitter connected to ground, base connected through a resistor 147(few kiloohms) to RTS, collector to the key line of your transceiver 148(assuming the transceiver has a positive key supply voltage and is keyed 149by grounding the key input line). 150A capacitor (some nanofarads) between 151base and ground is advisable to keep stray RF away, 152and to suppress the 153minor glitch that is generated during program startup. 154.Sh ENVIRONMENT 155Your 156.Ev LC_CTYPE 157locale codeset determines how 158characters with the high-order bit set 159are interpreted. 160.Pp 161.Bl -tag -width ".Li ISO8859-15" -compact 162.It Li ISO8859-1 163.It Li ISO8859-15 164Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Western European characters. 165.Pp 166.It Li KOI8-R 167Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Cyrillic characters. 168.Pp 169.It Li ISO8859-7 170Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Greek characters. 171.El 172.Sh FILES 173.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /dev/speaker" -compact 174.It Pa /dev/speaker 175.Xr speaker 4 176device file 177.El 178.Sh SEE ALSO 179.Xr speaker 4 180.Rs 181.%I ITU-T Recommendation F.1 182.%R "Operational provisions for the international public telegram service" 183.%O Division B, I. Morse code 184.Re 185.Rs 186.%I ITU-R M.1677-1 187.%R International Morse code 188.%D 2009 189.%U https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1677-1-200910-I/ 190.Re 191.Sh HISTORY 192Sound support for 193.Nm 194added by 195.An Lyndon Nerenberg (VE6BBM) Aq Mt lyndon@orthanc.ca . 196.Pp 197Ability to key an external device added by 198.An J\(:org Wunsch 199(DL8DTL). 200.Pp 201Farnsworth support for 202.Nm 203added by 204.An Stephen Cravey (N5UUU) . 205.Sh BUGS 206Only understands a few European characters 207(German and French), 208no Asian characters, 209and no continental landline code. 210.Pp 211Sends a bit slower than it should due to system overhead. 212Some people would call this a feature. 213