xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/morse/morse.6 (revision bdcbfde31e8e9b343f113a1956384bdf30d1ed62)

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.Dd April 16, 2023
.Dt MORSE 6
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm morse
.Nd reformat input as morse code
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl elrps
.Op Fl d Ar device
.Op Fl w Ar speed
.Op Fl c Ar speed
.Op Fl f Ar frequency
.Op Ar string ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command reads the given input and reformats it in the form of morse code.
Acceptable input are command line arguments or the standard input.
.Pp
Available options:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl l
The
.Fl l
option produces output suitable for
.Xr led 4
devices.
.It Fl s
The
.Fl s
option produces dots and dashes rather than words.
.It Fl p
Send morse the real way.
This only works if your system has
.Xr speaker 4
support.
.It Fl w Ar speed
Set the sending speed in words per minute.
If not specified, the default
speed of 20 WPM is used.
.It Fl c Ar speed
Farnsworth support.
Set the spacing between characters in words per minute.
This is independent of the speed
that the individual characters are sent.
If not specified, defaults to the effective value of the
.Fl w
option.
.It Fl f Ar frequency
Set the sidetone frequency to something other than the default 600 Hz.
.It Fl d Ar device
Similar to
.Fl p ,
but use the RTS line of
.Ar device
(which must be a TTY device)
in order to emit the morse code.
.It Fl e
Echo each character before it is sent, used together with either
.Fl p
or
.Fl d .
.It Fl r
Decode morse output consisting of dots and dashes (as generated by using
the
.Fl s
option).
.El
.Pp
The
.Fl w , c
and
.Fl f
flags only work in conjunction with either the
.Fl p
or the
.Fl d
flag.
.Pp
Not all prosigns have corresponding characters.
Use
.Ql #
for
.Em AS ,
.Ql &
for
.Em SK ,
.Ql *
for
.Em VE
and
.Ql %
for
.Em BK .
The more common prosigns are
.Ql =
for
.Em BT ,
.Ql \&(
for
.Em KN
and
.Ql +
for
.Em AR .
.Pp
Using the
.Fl d
flag,
it is possible to key an external device, like a sidetone generator with
a headset for training purposes, or even your ham radio transceiver.
For
the latter, simply connect an NPN transistor to the serial port
.Ar device ,
emitter connected to ground, base connected through a resistor
(few kiloohms) to RTS, collector to the key line of your transceiver
(assuming the transceiver has a positive key supply voltage and is keyed
by grounding the key input line).
A capacitor (some nanofarads) between
base and ground is advisable to keep stray RF away,
and to suppress the
minor glitch that is generated during program startup.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
Your
.Ev LC_CTYPE
locale codeset determines how
characters with the high-order bit set
are interpreted.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width ".Li ISO8859-15" -compact
.It Li ISO8859-1
.It Li ISO8859-15
Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Western European characters.
.Pp
.It Li KOI8-R
Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Cyrillic characters.
.Pp
.It Li ISO8859-7
Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Greek characters.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /dev/speaker" -compact
.It Pa /dev/speaker
.Xr speaker 4
device file
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr speaker 4
.Rs
.%I ITU-T Recommendation F.1
.%R "Operational provisions for the international public telegram service"
.%O Division B, I. Morse code
.Re
.Rs
.%I ITU-R M.1677-1
.%R International Morse code
.%D 2009
.%U https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1677-1-200910-I/
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
Sound support for
.Nm
added by
.An Lyndon Nerenberg (VE6BBM) Aq Mt lyndon@orthanc.ca .
.Pp
Ability to key an external device added by
.An J\(:org Wunsch
(DL8DTL).
.Pp
Farnsworth support for
.Nm
added by
.An Stephen Cravey (N5UUU) .
.Sh BUGS
Only understands a few European characters
(German and French),
no Asian characters,
and no continental landline code.
.Pp
Sends a bit slower than it should due to system overhead.
Some people would call this a feature.